| serologic survey for toxoplasma gondii in wild animals in florida. | blood samples were collected for serum separation from 114 species of wild animals (25 species of mammals, 82 species of birds, and 7 species of reptiles) in florida. each of the 3,471 samples was tested for antibodies to toxoplasma gondii, using the indirect hemagglutination test. the highest prevalences of t gondii antibodies were 19% in armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus), 18% in raccoons (procyon lotor), 13% in black rats (rattus rattus), and 11% in opossums (didelphis marsupialis). antibody p ... | 1979 | 521384 |
| serologic survey for certain zoonotic diseases in black bears in california. | black bears (ursus americanus) from 3 geographic areas of california were tested for antibodies against agents of 6 zoonotic diseases: toxoplasmosis (indirect hemagglutination), q fever (microagglutination), trichinosis (latex particle agglutination), botulism (passive hemagglutination), leptospirosis (plate agglutination), and plague (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). of 149 sera tested, 40 (27%) were positive for toxoplasma gondii antibodies and 25 (17%) had antibodies against coxiella burne ... | 1982 | 7174445 |
| prevalence of toxoplasma gondii infections in pennsylvania black bears, ursus americanus. | serum samples from 665 hunter-killed black bears killed in 1989 to 1992 throughout pennsylvania (usa) were tested for toxoplasma gondii antibodies by the agglutination test in dilutions of 1:25, 1:50, and 1:500. toxoplasma gondii antibodies were found in 535 of 665 (80%) bears. considering the highest dilutions at which antibodies were detected, prevalences were 10% at 1:25, 37% at 1:50 and 33% at 1:500. no significant difference in antibody prevalence was found between males (79%) and females ( ... | 1993 | 8258862 |
| seroprevalence of selected disease agents from free-ranging black bears in florida. | sera obtained from 66 free-ranging florida black bears (ursus americanus floridanus) from three geographic areas of florida (usa) between november 1993 and august 1995 were tested for antibodies to 13 disease agents. antibody prevalences were 3 positive of 37 tested (8%) coxiella burnetti, 37 of 66 (56%) toxoplasma gondii, 3 of 61 (5%) bluetongue virus/epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (btv/ehdv), 4 of 66 (6%) canine adenovirus-type 1, 5 of 66 (8%) canine distemper virus (cdv), 10 of 62 (16%) ... | 1998 | 9706572 |
| molecular and biologic characteristics of toxoplasma gondii isolates from wildlife in the united states. | toxoplasma gondii isolates can be grouped into 3 genetic lineages. type i isolates are considered more virulent in outbred mice and have been isolated predominantly from clinical cases of human toxoplasmosis, whereas types ii and iii isolates are considered less virulent for mice and are found in humans and food animals. little is known of genotypes of t. gondii isolates from wild animals. in the present report, genotypes of isolates of t. gondii from wildlife in the united states are described. ... | 2004 | 15040668 |
| antibodies to selected pathogens in free-ranging terrestrial carnivores and marine mammals in canada. | antibody titres to selected pathogens (canine adenovirus [cav-2], feline herpesvirus [fhv], phocine herpesvirus [phv-1], canine distemper virus, dolphin morbillivirus [dmv], phocine distemper virus [pdv], parainfluenza virus type 3 [pi3], rabies virus, dolphin rhabdovirus [drv], canine coronavirus, feline coronavirus, feline leukaemia virus, borrelia burgdorferi and toxoplasma gondii) were determined in whole blood or serum samples from selected free-ranging terrestrial carnivores and marine mam ... | 2004 | 15338705 |
| toxoplasmosis: a serological survey in ontario wildlife. | sera from seven species of wild animals in ontario were examined for antibody to toxoplasma gondii using the sabin-feldman dye test. of 158 sera tested, 53% of the red foxes (vulpes vulpes), 56% of the striped skunks (mephitis mephitis), 78% of the coyotes (canis latrans), 33% of the black bears (ursus americanus), 18% of the short tailed shrews (blarina brevicauda) and none of the field voles (microtus pennsylvanicus) had antibody. antibody to t. gondii was present in sera from wild animals cap ... | 1976 | 16502687 |
| isolation and genetic characterization of toxoplasma gondii from raccoons (procyon lotor), cats (felis domesticus), striped skunk (mephitis mephitis), black bear (ursus americanus), and cougar (puma concolor) from canada. | viable toxoplasma gondii was isolated by bioassay in mice from tissues of 2 feral cats (felis domesticus), 2 raccoons (procyon lotor), a skunk (mephitis mephitis) trapped in remote locations in manitoba, canada, and a black bear (ursus americanus) from kuujjuaq, northern quebec, canada. genotyping of these t. gondii isolates using polymorphisms at 10 nuclear markers including sagi, sag2, sag3, btub, gra6, c22-8, c29-2, l358, pk1, and an apicoplast marker apico revealed 4 genotypes. none of the i ... | 2008 | 18372620 |
| demographic characteristics and infectious diseases of a population of american black bears in humboldt county, california. | american black bears (ursus americanus) are common, widely distributed, and broad-ranging omnivorous mammals in northern california forests. bears may be susceptible to pathogens infecting both domestic animals and humans. monitoring bear populations, particularly in changing ecosystems, is important to understanding ecological features that could affect bear population health and influence the likelihood that bears may cause adverse impacts on humans. in all, 321 bears were captured between may ... | 2015 | 25700042 |
| serosurvey for selected pathogens in free-ranging american black bears (ursus americanus) in maryland, usa. | american black bears (ursus americanus) in maryland, usa, live in forested areas in close proximity to humans and their domestic pets. from 1999 to 2011, we collected 84 serum samples from 63 black bears (18 males; 45 females) in five maryland counties and tested them for exposure to infectious, including zoonotic, pathogens. a large portion of the bears had antibody to canine distemper virus and toxoplasma gondii, many at high titers. prevalences of antibodies to zoonotic agents such as rabies ... | 2014 | 25075540 |
| blindness in a wild american black bear cub (ursus americanus). | an approximately six-month-old wild american black bear (ursus americanus) was found wandering in saskatchewan and was presented to the veterinary medical centre of the western college of veterinary medicine for apparent blindness. clinical examination confirmed an inability to navigate a photopic maze, bilateral tapetal hyper-reflectivity, fundi devoid of retinal vessels, and small pale optic nerve papillae. single-flash electroretinography revealed a and b-wave amplitudes of approximately 40 a ... | 2016 | 26302466 |
| isolation and characterization of new genetic types of toxoplasma gondii and prevalence of trichinella murrelli from black bear (ursus americanus). | black bears (ursus americanus) are hosts for two important zoonotic parasites, toxoplasma gondii and trichinella spp. and bears are hunted for human consumption in the usa. little is known of the genetic diversity of t. gondii circulating in wildlife. in the present study, antibodies to t. gondii were found in juice from tongues of 17 (25.7%) of 66 wild black bear from maryland during the hunting season of 2010 and 2011. antibodies to t. gondii were assessed by the modified agglutination test. t ... | 2013 | 23537944 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii from free-ranging black bears (ursus americanus) from florida. | abstract toxoplasma gondii is a significant worldwide parasitic protozoan. in the present study, prevalence of antibodies of t. gondii was examined from 29 free-ranging black bears (ursus americanus) from south-central florida where the host species was listed as state threatened during this project. overall t. gondii prevalence was found to be 44.8%, specifically 46.2% in male and 43.8% in female u. americanus, using a modified agglutination test (mat, 1:25 titer). seroprevalence differences ... | 2011 | 22150391 |
| fatal hepatic sarcocystosis in a captive black bear (ursus americanus) associated with sarcocystis canis-like infection. | fatal hepatic sarcocystosis was diagnosed in a 13-year-old captive black bear (ursus americanus) with a history of acute onset of vomiting, polyuria, polydipsia, and bilirubinuria. gross lesions included severe icterus, multisystemic hemorrhage, and gall bladder edema. the most significant microscopic lesion was severe necrotizing hepatitis with intralesional protozoa that reproduced by endopolygeny consistent with a sarcocystis spp. infrequent microglial nodules were randomly scattered within t ... | 2011 | 21398469 |
| a new atypical highly mouse virulent toxoplasma gondii genotype isolated from a wild black bear in alaska. | most strains of toxoplasma gondii isolated in north america and europe are grouped into 3 (types i, ii, iii) genotypes and are considered clonal. recent evidence suggests that illness due to toxoplasmosis in immunocompetent persons may be related to infection with an atypical genotype; these strains are mouse virulent. in the present study, a new mouse-virulent atypical t. gondii genotype was isolated from an asymptomatic black bear ( ursus americanus ) from alaska. the bear had a titer of 1rati ... | 2010 | 20486739 |
| prevalence of antibodies to neospora caninum in wild animals. | antibodies to neospora caninum were determined in several species of wild animals in the united states by the neospora agglutination test (nat). antibodies (nat 1:40 or higher) were found in 5 of 249 bison (bison bison), 5 of 160 caribou (rangifer tarandus), 4 of 162 moose (alces alces), 4 of 122 wolves (canis lupus), and 1 of 224 musk ox (ovibos moschatus) but not in 197 black bears (ursus americanus). to our knowledge, this is the first report of antibodies to n. caninum in bison and caribou. ... | 2005 | 16419771 |
| serologic survey for toxoplasma gondii in selected wildlife species from alaska. | blood was collected from selected wildlife species in specific areas of alaska (usa) during 1976-96. a modified agglutination test was used to test sera for evidence of exposure to toxoplasma gondii. serum antibody prevalence was 43% (62 positive of 143 tested) for black bears (ursus americanus), 9% (11/125) for wolves (canis lupus), 7% (22/319) for dall sheep (ovis dalli), 6% (14/241) for caribou (rangifer tarandus), 1% (3/240) for moose (alces alces), and 1% (2/241) for bison (bison bison). a ... | 2000 | 10813602 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii and trichinella spiralis in north carolina black bears (ursus americanus). | serum samples from 143 hunter-killed black bears were collected during the 1996 and 1997 black bear hunting seasons in eastern north carolina. all samples were tested for antibodies to toxoplasma gondii by the modified agglutination test. antibodies to t. gondii were present in 120 of 143 (84%) bears. females had significantly higher titers than males (wilcoxon rank sums test, p = 0.045), and titers increased with age (jonckheere test, p = 0.01). samples collected during 1996 (n = 79) were teste ... | 1998 | 9794654 |
| serologic survey of toxoplasma gondii in grizzly bears (ursus arctos) and black bears (ursus americanus), from alaska, 1988 to 1991. | we tested 644 serum samples from 480 grizzly bears and 40 black bears from alaska (usa), collected between 1988 and 1991, for toxoplasma gondii antibodies, using a commercially available latex agglutination test (lat). a titer > or = 64 was considered positive. serum antibody prevalence for t. gondii in grizzly bears (ursus arctos) was 18% (87 of 480). prevalence ranged from 9% (seven of 77) on kodiak island to 28% (15 of 54) in northern alaska. prevalence was directly correlated to age. no griz ... | 1995 | 8592377 |
| prevalence of viable toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts and antibodies to t. gondii by various serologic tests in black bears (ursus americanus) from pennsylvania. | during the hunting season of 1993, hearts from 28 black bears (ursus americanus) from pennsylvania were examined for toxoplasma gondii infection. serum samples from heart blood were examined for t. gondii antibodies by the use of the modified agglutination test (mat), the sabin-feldman dye test (dt), the latex agglutination test (lat), and the indirect hemagglutination test (iha). one-hundred grams of myocardium from each bear were bioassayed in mice. approximately 500 g of myocardium from 11 be ... | 1995 | 7876963 |
| bear meat trichinosis with a concomitant serologic response to toxoplasma gondii. | a severe case of trichinosis occurred following the ingestion of raw meat from a common black bear, ursus americanus, that was shot in butte county, california. examination of steaks cut from the bear revealed heavy infection with t. spiralis. a good clinical response was obtained following treatment with prednisone (1 mg/kg body weight per day) and thiabendazole (50 mg/kg body weight per day); no toxic effects were observed. in comparison with the pre-treatment biopsy, a more intense inflammato ... | 1975 | 1146849 |
| isolation and genetic characterization of toxoplasma gondii from black bears (ursus americanus), bobcats (lynx rufus), and feral cats (felis catus) from pennsylvania. | toxoplasma gondii infects virtually all warm-blooded hosts worldwide. recently, attention has been focused on the genetic diversity of the parasite to explain its pathogenicity in different hosts. it has been hypothesized that interaction between feral and domestic cycles of t. gondii may increase unusual genotypes in domestic cats and facilitate transmission of potentially more pathogenic genotypes to humans, domestic animals, and wildlife. in the present study, we tested black bear (ursus amer ... | 2015 | 25393429 |
| seroepidemiologic study on the prevalence of toxoplasma gondii and trichinella spp. infections in black bears (ursus americanus) in pennsylvania, usa. | the protozoan toxoplasma gondii and the metazoan trichinella spp. infect virtually all warm-blooded animals, including birds, humans, livestock, and marine mammals. both parasitic infections can cause serious illness in human beings and can be acquired by ingesting under-cooked meat harboring infective stages. approximately 3500 black bears (ursus americanus) are legally-harvested each year in pennsylvania, usa during the november hunting season. among animals found infected with t. gondii, the ... | 2016 | 27809983 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii in american black bears ( ursus americanus ) of the central appalachians, usa. | we assessed toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in 53 free-ranging american black bears ( ursus americanus ) in the central appalachian mountains, us. seroprevalence was 62% with no difference between males and females or between juvenile and adult bears. wildlife agencies should consider warnings in hunter education programs to reduce the chances for human infection from this source. | 2017 | 28318381 |