| foot-and-mouth disease virus in the llama (lama glama): diagnosis, transmission, and susceptibility. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) was shown to be transmitted from either cattle to llamas, llamas to swine (interspecies), or llamas to llamas (intraspecies). response to fmdv varied greatly in the 6 llamas studied; 3 llamas developed generalized clinical disease with mild pyrexia, 2 after intradermolingual inoculation, and 1 after exposure to a calf infected with fmdv serotype a24. another contact llama developed vesicular lesions on all 4 extremities but no oral lesions. two contact llamas, ... | 1990 | 1965585 |
| host and viral traits predict zoonotic spillover from mammals. | the majority of human emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic, with viruses that originate in wild mammals of particular concern (for example, hiv, ebola and sars). understanding patterns of viral diversity in wildlife and determinants of successful cross-species transmission, or spillover, are therefore key goals for pandemic surveillance programs. however, few analytical tools exist to identify which host species are likely to harbour the next human virus, or which viruses can cross species ... | 2017 | 28636590 |
| foot and mouth disease: a look from the wild side. | we review the literature and discuss control options regarding foot and mouth disease (fmd) in wildlife around the world. there are more than 100 species of wild, feral, laboratory, or domesticated animals that have been infected naturally or experimentally with fmd virus. apart from the african buffalo (syncerus caffer) in sub-saharan africa, wildlife has not been demonstrated to play a significant role in the maintenance of fmd. more often, wildlife are passively infected when outbreaks of fmd ... | 2013 | 24502706 |