| identification and subcellular localization of porcine deltacoronavirus accessory protein ns6. | porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) is an emerging swine enteric coronavirus. accessory proteins are genus-specific for coronavirus, and two putative accessory proteins, ns6 and ns7, are predicted to be encoded by pdcov; however, this remains to be confirmed experimentally. here, we identified the leader-body junction sites of ns6 subgenomic rna (sgrna) and found that the actual transcription regulatory sequence (trs) utilized by ns6 is non-canonical and is located upstream of the predicted trs. us ... | 2016 | 27661736 |
| characterization of a novel chimeric swine enteric coronavirus from diseased pigs in central eastern europe in 2016. | during a severe outbreak of diarrhoea and vomiting in a pig herd in central eastern europe, faecal samples were tested positive for porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (pedv) and negative for transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) using a commercial rt-qpcr assay that can detect both of these coronaviruses. however, further analyses, using other tgev- and pedv-specific rt-qpcr assays, provided results inconsistent with infection by either of these viruses. sequencing of an amplicon (ca. 1.6 kb) ... | 2016 | 27619563 |
| monitoring the spread of swine enteric coronavirus diseases in the united states in the absence of a regulatory framework. | the reporting and monitoring of swine enteric coronavirus diseases (secd), including porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and porcine delta coronavirus, in the united states have been challenging because of the initial absence of a regulatory framework and the emerging nature of these diseases. the national animal health laboratory network, the emergency management and response system, and the swine health monitoring project were used to monitor the disease situation between may 2013 and march 2015. ... | 2016 | 27014703 |
| porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and discovery of a recombinant swine enteric coronavirus, italy. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) has been detected sporadically in italy since the 1990s. we report the phylogenetic relationship of swine enteric coronaviruses collected in italy during 2007-2014 and identify a drastic shift in pedv strain variability and a new swine enteric coronavirus generated by recombination of transmissible gastroenteritis virus and pedv. | 2016 | 26689738 |
| retrospective testing and case series study of porcine delta coronavirus in u.s. swine herds. | porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) was first reported in the united states (us) in february 2014. this was the second novel swine enteric coronavirus detected in the us since may 2013. in this study, we conducted retrospective testing of samples submitted to three veterinary diagnostic laboratories where qualifying biological samples were derived from previously submitted diagnostic case submissions from us commercial swine farms with a clinical history of enteric disease or from cases that had be ... | 2016 | 26603048 |
| porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus with a recombinant s gene detected in hungary, 2016. | porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (pedv) can cause a severe enteric disease affecting pigs of all ages. in january 2016, diarrhoea with occasional vomiting was observed in a small pig farm in hungary. all animals became affected, while mortality (of up to 30%) was only seen in piglets. samples from different age groups and the carcass of a piglet were examined by various methods including pathology, bacteriology and molecular biology. pedv was confirmed by pcr and its whole genome sequence was de ... | 2017 | 28605965 |
| discovery of a novel swine enteric alphacoronavirus (seacov) in southern china. | outbreaks of diarrhea in newborn piglets without detection of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) and porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov), have been recorded in a pig farm in southern china since february 2017. isolation and propagation of the pathogen in cell culture resulted in discovery of a novel swine enteric alphacoronavirus (tentatively named seacov) related to the bat coronavirus hku2 identified in the same region a decade ago. specific fluores ... | 2017 | 29102111 |
| swine enteric coronavirus disease: a review of 4 years with porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus and porcine deltacoronavirus in the united states and canada. | swine enteric coronaviruses, including porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (pedv) and porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov), have emerged and spread throughout the north american swine industry over the last four years. these diseases cause significant losses within the pork industry and within the first year after pedv introduction, approximately 10% of the us herd died due to the disease. similar to other enteric coronaviruses, such as transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), these emerging swine e ... | 2018 | 29392870 |
| discovery of a novel accessory protein ns7a encoded by porcine deltacoronavirus. | porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) is an emerging swine enteric coronavirus. bioinformatics predicts that pdcov encodes two accessory proteins (ns6 and ns7), the species-specific proteins for coronavirus. in this study, four mabs against the predicted ns7 were prepared by using the purified recombinant ns7 protein. indirect immunofluorescence assay demonstrated that all mabs recognized cells transfected with an ns7 expression construct or infected with pdcov. western blot showed that ns7-specific ... | 2017 | 27995863 |
| isolation and tissue culture adaptation of porcine deltacoronavirus: a case study. | porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) has emerged as a novel, contagious swine enteric coronavirus that causes watery diarrhea and/or vomiting and intestinal villous atrophy in nursing piglets. pdcov-related diarrhea first occurred in the usa in 2014 and was subsequently reported in south korea, china, thailand, vietnam, and lao people's democratic republic, leading to massive economic losses and posing a threat to the swine industry worldwide. currently, no treatments or vaccines for pdcov are avail ... | 2020 | 32833205 |
| a retrospective study of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (pedv) reveals the presence of swine enteric coronavirus (secov) since 1993 and the recent introduction of a recombinant pedv-secov in spain. | a retrospective evaluation of pedv-positive samples recovered in spain before and after the re-emergence of this coronavirus in several european countries was carried out. we described for the first time recombinant secov circulating in spain between 1993 and 2014 and its misidentification as pedv when diagnostic assays based on the s-protein or s-gene of the pedv were used. the complete s-gene sequence of 7 spanish secov and 30 pedv spanish isolates was phylogenetically analysed including the s ... | 2020 | 32511876 |
| assessment of hemagglutination activity of porcine deltacoronavirus. | porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) is an emerging swine enteric coronavirus that causes diarrhea in piglets. however, the biological characteristics of pdcov are unclear. in this study, the hemagglutination (ha) abilities of two pdcov strains (ch-01 and hnzk-04) were investigated. our results showed that pdcov has the ability to agglutinate rabbit erythrocytes after virion pretreatment with trypsin or neuraminidase. additionally, the ha assay results showed a significant positive correlation with ... | 2020 | 31940691 |
| functional characterization and proteomic analysis of porcine deltacoronavirus accessory protein ns7. | porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) is an emerging swine enteric coronavirus that causes diarrhea in neonatal piglets. like other coronaviruses, pdcov encodes at least three accessory or species-specific proteins; however, the biological roles of these proteins in pdcov replication remain undetermined. as a first step toward understanding the biology of the pdcov accessory proteins, we established a stable porcine cell line constitutively expressing the pdcov ns7 protein in order to investigate the ... | 2019 | 31546302 |
| interferon gamma inhibits transmissible gastroenteritis virus infection mediated by an irf1 signaling pathway. | interferon gamma (ifn-γ) is best known for its ability to regulate host immune responses; however, its direct antiviral activity is less well studied. transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) is an economically important swine enteric coronavirus and causes acute diarrhea in piglets. at present, little is known about the function of ifn-γ in the control of tgev infection. in this study, we demonstrated that ifn-γ inhibited tgev infection directly in st cells and intestine epithelial ipec-j2 ce ... | 2019 | 31385116 |
| susceptibility of porcine ipi-2i intestinal epithelial cells to infection with swine enteric coronaviruses. | swine enteric coronavirus (cov) is an important group of pathogens causing diarrhea in piglets. at least four kinds of swine enteric covs have been identified, including transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov), and the emerging hku2-like porcine enteric alphacoronavirus (peav). the small intestines, particularly the jejunum and ileum, are the most common targets of these four covs in vivo, and co-infections by these cov ... | 2019 | 31176408 |
| a taqman-probe-based multiplex real-time rt-qpcr for simultaneous detection of porcine enteric coronaviruses. | swine enteric coronaviruses are a group of most significant pathogens causing diarrhea in piglets with similar clinical symptoms and pathological changes. to develop a simple, rapid, accurate, and high-throughput detection method for diagnosis and differential diagnosis on swine enteric coronaviruses, specific primers and probes were designed based on the highly conserved regions of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) n, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) m, porcine deltacoronavirus ( ... | 2019 | 31025076 |
| significant inhibition of re-emerged and emerging swine enteric coronavirus in vitro using the multiple shrna expression vector. | swine enteric coronaviruses (secovs), including porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (sads-cov), and porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) have emerged and been prevalent in pig populations in china for the last several years. however, current traditional inactivated and attenuated pedv vaccines are of limited efficacy against circulating pedv variants, and there are no commercial vaccines for prevention of pdcov and sads-cov. rna interference (rnai) is a ... | 2019 | 30905822 |
| first outbreak with chimeric swine enteric coronavirus (secov) on pig farms in slovakia - lessons to learn. | this report describes the first disease outbreak caused by chimeric swine enteric coronavirus (secov) on two pig farms in slovakia in early 2015. the infection was introduced by import of two breeding boars which were placed in provisional quarantine in a unit not strictly separated from other healthy pigs in the same building. subsequently, loss of appetite and diarrhoea were observed in both boars during the first three days in the isolation unit. the infection gradually spread to the farrowin ... | 2018 | 30264613 |
| porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus in italy: disease spread and the role of transportation. | porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (pedv) causes watery diarrhoea, dehydration, and a high mortality rate among suckling pigs. recently, pedv had a large negative economic impact on the swine industries in asia and north america. in 2014, pedv re-emerged in many european countries, but most countries only reported a few sporadic cases. here, we report the epidemic wave that occurred in italy from 2015 to 2017. during this time, pedv was detected by real-time pcr in 438 farms located mainly in the ... | 2018 | 30094946 |