| self-assembly of the recombinant capsid protein of a bovine norovirus (bonv) into virus-like particles and evaluation of cross-reactivity of bonv with human noroviruses. | none of the enteric caliciviruses except po/sapo/giii/cowden/80/us replicates in cell culture, which complicates efforts to develop control strategies or to study viral replication. to develop serological assays for bovine noroviruses (bonvs) and to determine the cross-reactivity of bonv with human noroviruses, we generated two recombinant baculoviruses, rcv186-oh and rjncv, to express the capsid genes of bo/cv186-oh/00/us (norovirus genogroup iii [giii], genotype 2 [giii/2]). rcv186-oh expresse ... | 2005 | 15695679 |
| human and animal enteric caliciviruses in oysters from different coastal regions of the united states. | food-borne diseases are a major cause of morbidity and hospitalization worldwide. enteric caliciviruses are capable of persisting in the environment and in the tissues of shellfish. human noroviruses (hunovs) have been implicated in outbreaks linked to shellfish consumption. the genetic and antigenic relatedness between human and animal enteric caliciviruses suggests that interspecies transmission may occur. to determine the occurrence of human and animal enteric caliciviruses in united states m ... | 2006 | 16517625 |
| enteric caliciviruses in domestic pigs in hungary. | caliciviruses closely related to human norovirus and sapovirus were recently detected in domestic pigs, causing discussions about the animal reservoir and the potential for zoonotic transmission to humans. to detect porcine caliciviruses, 17 fecal samples collected on two swine farms in southwestern hungary were tested by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. three (17.6%) samples were positive for caliciviruses. this study confirms the presence of caliciviruses, both porcine sapoviru ... | 2007 | 17180626 |
| genetic heterogeneity of porcine enteric caliciviruses identified from diarrhoeic piglets. | enteric caliciviruses (noroviruses and sapoviruses) are responsible for the majority of non-bacterial gastroenteritis in humans of all age groups. analysis of the polymerase and capsid genes has provided evidence for a huge genetic diversity, but the understanding of their ecology is limited. in this study, we investigated the presence of porcine enteric caliciviruses in the faeces of piglets with diarrhoea. a total of 209 samples from 118 herds were analysed and calicivirus rna was detected by ... | 2008 | 18204823 |
| high genetic diversity in rdrp gene of brazilian porcine sapovirus strains. | sapovirus is one genus within caliciviridae family that causes diarrhea in humans and animals. sapovirus (sav) has been classified into seven genogroups (gi to gvii). the giii, gvi, and gvii, which prototype is cowden, jj681, and k7/jp strains, respectively, infect pigs. the objective of this study was to characterize wild-type brazilian sav strains from piglet stool samples and determine sav infection frequency, age distribution and association with diarrheic disease. stool samples from 113 pig ... | 2008 | 18403136 |
| identification of a porcine calicivirus related genetically to human sapoviruses. | whether animals may act as reservoirs for human caliciviruses is unclear. by sequence analysis of a short fragment of the rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) region, porcine sapovirus (sav) strains that genetically resemble human savs have been detected in piglets, but more-informative sequences (capsid gene) were not available for a precise characterization. in this study, the 3' terminus (the 3' end of open reading frame 1 [orf1], including the polymerase complex and the complete capsid; orf2; ... | 2008 | 18417656 |
| the first chinese porcine sapovirus strain that contributed to an outbreak of gastroenteritis in piglets. | | 2008 | 18508889 |
| noroviruses and sapoviruses in pigs in belgium. | porcine noroviruses and sapoviruses belong to the family caliciviridae and are rarely reported in european countries. in this study, swine stools from a region representative of northern europe were screened for these viruses by rt-pcr. both porcine noroviruses and sapoviruses were detected, showing their circulation in this region. the porcine norovirus strains were genetically related to genotype 19 strains in the genogroup ii of the genus norovirus. the porcine sapovirus strains were genetica ... | 2008 | 18777158 |
| incidence, diversity, and molecular epidemiology of sapoviruses in swine across europe. | porcine sapovirus is an enteric calicivirus in domestic pigs that belongs to the family caliciviridae. some porcine sapoviruses are genetically related to human caliciviruses, which has raised public health concerns over animal reservoirs and the potential cross-species transmission of sapoviruses. we report on the incidence, genetic diversity, and molecular epidemiology of sapoviruses detected in domestic pigs in a comprehensive study conducted in six european countries (denmark, finland, hunga ... | 2010 | 19940055 |
| molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the complete genome of a porcine sapovirus from chinese swine. | porcine sapovirus was first identified in the united states in 1980, hitherto, several asian countries have detected this virus. in 2008, the first outbreak of gastroenteritis in piglets caused by porcine sapovirus in china was reported. the complete genome of the identified sav strain ch-sw-sav1 was sequenced and analyzed to provide gene profile for this outbreak. | 2009 | 19961620 |
| frequent detection of noroviruses and sapoviruses in swine and high genetic diversity of porcine sapovirus in japan during fiscal year 2008. | a molecular biological survey on porcine norovirus (nov) and sapovirus (sav) was conducted in toyama prefecture, japan, during fiscal year 2008. both nov and sav were detected from swine fecal samples throughout the surveillance period, indicating that these viruses were circulating in this region. nov strains detected in this study belonged to three genotypes that are known as typical swine novs. although human novs were occasionally detected, it was unclear whether they replicated in pigs. as ... | 2010 | 20164276 |
| genetic diversity of porcine enteric caliciviruses in pigs raised in rio de janeiro state, brazil. | porcine enteric caliciviruses (pec) belong to the genera norovirus and sapovirus within the family caliciviridae. they are enteric pathogens and are considered potential zoonotic agents. in this study, the circulation of pec was evaluated by rt-pcr of stool samples and intestinal contents of pigs raised in rio de janeiro state, brazil. both porcine norovirus (ponov) and porcine sapovirus (posav) were detected. the ponov strains were classified as genogroup ii, genotypes 11, 18 and 19. the posav ... | 2010 | 20526786 |
| emerging and re-emerging swine viruses. | in the past two decades or so, a number of viruses have emerged in the global swine population. some, such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), cause economically important diseases in pigs, whereas others such as porcine torque teno virus (ttv), now known as torque teno sus virus (ttsuv), porcine bocavirus (pbov) and related novel parvoviruses, porcine kobuvirus, porcine toroviruses (ptov) and porcine lymphotropic herpesviruses (pl ... | 2012 | 22225855 |
| postharvest survival of porcine sapovirus, a human norovirus surrogate, on phytopathogen-infected leafy greens. | leafy greens are increasingly being recognized as an important vehicle for human noroviruses (hunov), which cause recurring gastroenteritis outbreaks. leafy greens often become infected by phytopathogens in the field, which may cause symptoms on the edible parts. whether plant pathogen infections enhance the survival of hunov on leafy greens is unknown. lettuce and spinach plants were infected with a bacterium, xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians strain 701a, and with cucumber mosaic virus strain ... | 2015 | 26219360 |
| antiviral effect of theaflavins against caliciviruses. | caliciviruses are contagious pathogens of humans and various animals. they are the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in humans, and can cause lethal diseases in domestic animals such as cats, rabbits and immunocompromised mice. in this study, we conducted cytopathic effect-based screening of 2080 selected compounds from our in-house library to find antiviral compounds against three culturable caliciviruses: feline calicivirus, murine norovirus (mnv) and porcine sapovirus (posav). we ide ... | 2017 | 27756911 |
| feline calicivirus, murine norovirus, porcine sapovirus, and tulane virus survival on postharvest lettuce. | human norovirus (hunov) is the leading cause of foodborne illnesses, with an increasing number of outbreaks associated with leafy greens. because hunov cannot be routinely cultured, culturable feline calicivirus (fcv), murine norovirus (mnv), porcine sapovirus (sav), and tulane virus (tv) have been used as surrogates. these viruses are generated in different cell lines as infected cell lysates, which may differentially affect their stability. our objective was to uniformly compare the survival o ... | 2015 | 26002891 |
| solution structure of the porcine sapovirus vpg core reveals a stable three-helical bundle with a conserved surface patch. | viral protein genome-linked (vpg) proteins play a critical role in the life cycle of vertebrate and plant positive-sense rna viruses by acting as a protein primer for genome replication and as a protein cap for translation initiation. here we report the solution structure of the porcine sapovirus vpg core (vpg(c)) determined by multi-dimensional nmr spectroscopy. the structure of vpg(c) is composed of three α-helices stabilized by several conserved hydrophobic residues that form a helical bundle ... | 2015 | 25753201 |
| sapovirus translation requires an interaction between vpg and the cap binding protein eif4e. | sapoviruses of the caliciviridae family of small rna viruses are emerging pathogens that cause gastroenteritis in humans and animals. molecular studies on human sapovirus have been hampered due to the lack of a cell culture system. in contrast, porcine sapovirus (psav) can be grown in cell culture, making it a suitable model for understanding the infectious cycle of sapoviruses and the related enteric caliciviruses. caliciviruses are known to use a novel mechanism of protein synthesis that relie ... | 2014 | 25142584 |
| stability of and attachment to lettuce by a culturable porcine sapovirus surrogate for human caliciviruses. | human noroviruses (hunovs) are the leading cause of food-borne illness, accounting for 58% of u.s. cases. because hunovs are unculturable, surrogates are needed to investigate transmission routes and evaluate disinfection methods. however, the current surrogates, feline calicivirus (fcv) and murine nov (mnv), are less tolerant than hunovs to acid and chlorine, respectively. porcine sapovirus (sav) is the only culturable enteropathogenic calicivirus. in this study, the resistance of sav to physic ... | 2012 | 22447610 |
| genomic organization and recombination analysis of a porcine sapovirus identified from a piglet with diarrhea in china. | sapovirus (sav), a member of the family caliciviridae, is an etiologic agent of gastroenteritis in humans and pigs. to date, both intra- and inter-genogroup recombinant strains have been reported in many countries except for china. here, we report an intra-genogroup recombination of porcine sav identified from a piglet with diarrhea of china. | 2017 | 28302145 |
| age distribution of porcine sapovirus asymptomatic infection and molecular evidence of genogroups giii and gix? circulation in distinct brazilian pig production systems. | this study aimed to evaluate the natural infection by sav in pigs of different categories of production cycle in an important brazilian pig-producing region. faecal samples (n = 169) of suckling, post-weaning, finisher and breeder pig categories were analysed. animals were from five farrow-to-weaning and nine grower-to-finish commercial pig farms. the rt-pcr assay was performed targeting the partial rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) gene of porcine sav genome. the virus was detected in 23.7% ( ... | 2016 | 26385461 |
| repeated examination of natural sapovirus infections in pig litters raised under experimental conditions. | porcine sapovirus, belonging to the family caliciviridae, is an enteric virus that is widespread in the swine industry worldwide. a total of 14 sapovirus genogroups have been suggested and the most commonly found genogroup in swine is genogroup iii (giii). the goal of the present experiment was to examine the presence of sapovirus in 51 naturally infected pigs at two different time points. the pigs were kept under experimental conditions after weaning. previous studies on sapovirus have primaril ... | 2015 | 26410386 |
| both α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids on o-linked glycoproteins act as functional receptors for porcine sapovirus. | sapovirus, a member of the caliciviridae family, is an important cause of acute gastroenteritis in humans and pigs. currently, the porcine sapovirus (psav) cowden strain remains the only cultivable member of the sapovirus genus. while some caliciviruses are known to utilize carbohydrate receptors for entry and infection, a functional receptor for sapovirus is unknown. to characterize the functional receptor of the cowden strain of psav, we undertook a comprehensive series of protein-ligand bioch ... | 2014 | 24901849 |
| [clinical detection of seven porcine diarrhea-associated viruses and evolution analysis of porcine kobuvirus]. | in this study, a multiplex rt-pcr method was developed for detection of seven diarrhea-associated porcine viruses, including porcine teschovirus (ptv), porcine sapovirus (psv), porcine deltacornavirus (pdcov), porcine kobuvirus (pkv), porcine sapovirus (psav), porcine astrovirus (pastv) and porcine torovirus (ptov). a total of 419 samples were screened by this method and results showed that pkv had the highest positive rate of 26.98%?45.79% and its mixed infection rate reached 9.52%-18.54%. on a ... | 2017 | 28853257 |
| internalization of sapovirus, a surrogate for norovirus, in romaine lettuce and the effect of lettuce latex on virus infectivity. | noroviruses are the leading cause of food-borne outbreaks, including those that involve lettuce. the culturable porcine sapovirus (sav) was used as a norovirus surrogate to study the persistence and the potential transfer of the virus from roots to leaves and from outer to inner leaves of lettuce plants. treatment of lettuce with sav was done through the roots of young plants, the soil, or the outer leaves of mature plants. sampling of roots, xylem sap, and inner and outer leaves followed by rna ... | 2012 | 22752176 |
| abiotic stress and phyllosphere bacteria influence the survival of human norovirus and its surrogates on preharvest leafy greens. | foodborne outbreaks of human noroviruses (hunovs) are frequently associated with leafy greens. because there is no effective method to eliminate hunov from postharvest leafy greens, understanding virus survival under preharvest conditions is crucial. the objective of this study was to evaluate the survival of hunov and its surrogate viruses, murine norovirus (mnv), porcine sapovirus (sav), and tulane virus (tv), on preharvest lettuce and spinach that were subjected to abiotic stress (physical da ... | 2015 | 26497461 |
| activation of cox-2/pge2 promotes sapovirus replication via the inhibition of nitric oxide production. | enteric caliciviruses in the genera norovirus and sapovirus are important pathogens that cause severe acute gastroenteritis in both humans and animals. cyclooxygenases (coxs) and their final product, prostaglandin e2(pge2), are known to play important roles in the modulation of both the host response to infection and the replicative cycles of several viruses. however, the precise mechanism(s) by which the cox/pge2pathway regulates sapovirus replication remains largely unknown. in this study, inf ... | 2017 | 27881647 |
| complete sequence and phylogenetic analysis of a porcine sapovirus strain isolated from western china. | sapovirus (sav) is a type of calicivirus that can cause acute viral gastroenteritis in humans and animals. savs have been found in several mammalian species, including humans, pigs, minks, dogs, and bats. porcine sapovirus (posav) was first identified in 1980 in the united states and has been found to be circulating throughout china in recent years. in this study, the complete genomic characterization of posav ch430, first found in west china, was reported and analyzed. the genome was 7,342 bp e ... | 2014 | 24792514 |
| short communication: immune responses in sows induced by porcine sapovirus virus-like particles reduce viral shedding in suckled piglets. | porcine sapovirus (posav) is a potential threat to public health owing to its capacity for reassortment with human sapovirus strains. however, there is still no vaccine available for the prevention and control of this infectious disease. in this study, we developed posav virus-like particles (vlps) using a baculovirus expression system. immunization with posav vlps induced high titers of serum antibody specific for vp1 in sows. the results of our challenge study demonstrated that maternally-deri ... | 2017 | 29294432 |
| the rna helicase eif4a is required for sapovirus translation. | the eukaryotic initiation factor 4a (eif4a) is a dead box helicase that unwinds rna structure in the 5' untranslated region (utr) of mrnas. here, we investigated the role of eif4a in porcine sapovirus vpg-dependent translation. using inhibitors and dominant-negative mutants, we found that eif4a is required for viral translation and infectivity, suggesting that despite the presence of a very short 5' utr, eif4a is required to unwind rna structure in the sapovirus genome to facilitate virus transl ... | 2016 | 26937032 |
| serological and molecular investigation of porcine sapovirus infection in piglets in xinjiang, china. | porcine sapovirus (posav) is one of the important pathogens that cause acute gastroenteritis in piglets. a survey on the infection and epidemic status of posav in xinjiang province, northwest china, was conducted in this study. we applied indirect viral protein 1 (vp1)-elisa method to detect specific antibodies in 1218 serum samples of 3-month-old piglets collected from eight regions in xinjiang during 2013-2014 and also detected posav in 146 diarrhea stools of piglets in these eight regions usi ... | 2016 | 26898687 |
| mechanism of cell culture adaptation of an enteric calicivirus, the porcine sapovirus cowden strain. | the porcine sapovirus (sav) (posav) cowden strain is one of only a few culturable enteric caliciviruses. compared to the wild-type (wt) posav cowden strain, tissue culture-adapted (tc) posav has two conserved amino acid substitutions in the rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) and six in the capsid protein (vp1). by using the reverse-genetics system, we identified that 4 amino acid substitutions in vp1 (residues 178, 289, 324, and 328), but not the substitutions in the rdrp region, were critical ... | 2015 | 26581980 |
| porcine sapovirus replication is restricted by the type i interferon response in cell culture. | porcine sapovirus (psav) of the family caliciviridae, is the only member of the genus sapovirus with cell culture and reverse genetics systems. when combined with the piglet model, these approaches provide a system to understand the molecular basis of sapovirus pathogenesis. the replication of psav in cell culture is, however, restricted, displaying an absolute requirement for bile acids and producing lower levels of infectious virus than other caliciviruses. the effect of bile acids has previou ... | 2015 | 25304652 |
| detection and characterization of porcine caliciviruses in italy. | porcine noroviruses and sapoviruses have been sporadically reported in european countries, and more rarely in italy. in this study, stools samples were collected from both asymptomatic and diarrheic pigs from northern italy and were screened for caliciviruses by rt-pcr. sapoviruses were detected frequently and were genetically related to both the giii reference strain and the newly described porcine sapovirus genogroups. porcine norovirus was detected in one asymptomatic pig (0.5%) and was genot ... | 2014 | 24788843 |
| seroprevalence and molecular detection of porcine sapovirus in symptomatic suckling piglets in guangdong province, china. | the seroprevalence and genetic identification of sapovirus (sav) in symptomatic suckling piglets were investigated in guangdong province, china, between november 2011 and april 2013. serum (n = 960) and diarrheic fecal (n = 101) samples collected from symptomatic suckling piglets in guangdong province were evaluated for antibodies against sav using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ielisa). the overall seroprevalence of sav in symptomatic suckling piglets was 61.9 % (594/960). positive ... | 2014 | 24407531 |
| development and application of a sybr green rt-pcr for first line screening and quantification of porcine sapovirus infection. | sapoviruses are single stranded positive sense rna viruses belonging to the family caliciviridae. the virus is detected in different species including the human and the porcine species as an enteric pathogen causing asymptomatic to symptomatic enteritis. in this study, we report the development of a rapid real time qrt-pcr based on sybr green chemistry for the diagnosis of porcine sapovirus infection in swine. | 2012 | 23072668 |
| expression of porcine sapovirus vp1 gene and vp1 specific monoclonal antibody production. | sapovirus (sav) is an agent of human and porcine gastroenteritis and a member of the family caliciviridae. sav has been classified based on vp1 full gene nucleotide sequences into five genogroups (gi-gv), among which giii is known to infect pigs. the vp1 folds into two major domains designated s and p for the shell and protruding domain, respectively. the p domain is divided into two subdomains, p1 and p2. in this study, the vp1 full gene and the s, p, and p2 regions of the vp1 gene of porcine s ... | 2012 | 22741578 |
| rt-pcr test for detecting porcine sapovirus in weanling piglets in hunan province, china. | the prevalence of porcine sapovirus infection in weanling pigs was investigated in hunan province, china, between august 2006 and october 2007. a total of 153 diarrheic fecal samples from ten intensive pig farms from ten representative administrative regions in hunan province were examined for porcine sapoviruses using rt-pcr. twenty-two of 153 (14.37 %) samples were found to contain porcine sapoviruses. phylogenetic analysis showed that all the porcine sapovirus isolates in hunan province belon ... | 2012 | 22492394 |
| early porcine sapovirus infection disrupts tight junctions and uses occludin as a coreceptor. | the genus sapovirus belongs to the family caliciviridae, and its members are common causative agents of severe acute gastroenteritis in both humans and animals. some caliciviruses are known to use either terminal sialic acids or histo-blood group antigens as attachment factors and/or cell surface proteins, such as cd300lf, cd300ld, and junctional adhesion molecule 1 of tight junctions (tjs), as receptors. however, the roles of tjs and their proteins in sapovirus entry have not been examined. in ... | 2019 | 30463963 |
| porcine sapoviruses: pathogenesis, epidemiology, genetic diversity, and diagnosis. | the first porcine sapovirus (sav) cowden strain was discovered in 1980. to date, eight genogroups (giii, v-ix) and three genogroups (giii, gv, and gvi) of porcine savs have been detected from domestic pigs worldwide and wild boars in japan, respectively based on the capsid sequences. although giii cowden strain replicated in the villous epithelial cells and caused intestinal lesions in the proximal small intestines (mainly in duodenal and less in jejunum), leading to mild to severe diarrhea, in ... | 2020 | 32470356 |