| bacteriocidal qualities of ixodid tick (acarina: ixodidae) salivary cement plugs and their changes under the influence of a viral tick-borne pathogen. | the abundance of bacteriocidal compounds contained in the salivary cement plug of ixodid ticks was changed because of the reproduction of tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) in their bodies. the size of tbev-infected ixodes persulcatus shulze lytic zone surrounding the cement plug enlarged to that of naive ticks, whereas micrococcus lysodeikticus (cohn) lytic zones induced by the cement plugs of tbev-infected amblyomma hebraeum koch nymphs or rhipicephalus appendiculatus neumann females were re ... | 1995 | 7473610 |
| [changes in the bactericidal activity of the cementing fraction in ixodid tick saliva under the influence of the presence of the tick-borne encephalitis virus]. | it is demonstrated that the abundance of bactericidal compounds in the salivary cement plug of ixodid ticks is changing under the influence of virulent tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) reproduction in their bodies. tbev infected ixodes persulcatus cement plug-forming lytic zone size enlarged in comparison with the naive tick one whereas micrococcus lysodeikticus lytic zones induced by the cement plug of tbev infected amblyomma hebraeum nymphs or rhipicephalus appendiculatus females reduced c ... | 1994 | 7715548 |
| amplification of tick-borne encephalitis virus infection during co-feeding of ticks. | following engorgement of rhipicephalus appendiculatus larvae on guinea-pigs infected with tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus, none of the engorged larvae or emergent nymphs contained detectable infectious virus. however, one of twelve pools, each containing three of the unfed nymphs, was positive when screened by polymerase chain reaction (pcr), indicating a low prevalence of tbe virus infection in the unfed nymphs. after engorgement of the nymphs on four uninfected guinea-pigs, 19/24 (79%) fed ... | 1993 | 8268488 |
| enhancement of tick-borne encephalitis virus transmission by tick salivary gland extracts. | to investigate the role of ticks in tbe virus transmission, salivary gland extract (sge) was derived from partially fed female ixodes ricinus, dermacentor reticulatus and rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks. guinea-pigs were infested with uninfected r. appendiculatus nymphs and inoculated with a mixture of tbe virus and sge or with virus alone. the number of ticks which on average acquired virus from feeding on animals inoculated with tbe virus and sge from partially fed ticks was 4-fold greater ... | 1993 | 8481537 |
| functional role of 64p, the candidate transmission-blocking vaccine antigen from the tick, rhipicephalus appendiculatus. | anti-ectoparasite vaccines offer attractive alternatives to the use of chemical pesticides, especially if they also control the pathogens that ectoparasites transmit. however, selection of suitable antigens is a major constraint on vaccine development. the recombinant tick cement protein, 64trp, derived from the african brown ear tick, rhipicephalus appendiculatus, acts as a transmission-blocking vaccine in a mouse model of tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) transmission, protecting immunised ... | 2009 | 19481086 |
| [the possible role of the salivary gland substrate in ixodid ticks as an adjuvant enhancing arbovirus transmission]. | using a model: salivary glands of dermacentor ticks--tick-borne encephalitis virus--guinea pig--d. marginatus ticks, it became possible to confirm the data of jones et al. (1989) on the role of a substrate of rhipicephalus appendiculatus glands as a strong enhancer of orthomyxovirus togoto transmission during subcutaneous administration of a moderate virus dose to virus-resistant guinea pig. a tendency was only noticed towards better infectivity of ticks with the administration of sub- or suprao ... | 1991 | 2067469 |
| efficient transmission of tick-borne encephalitis virus between cofeeding ticks. | most of the data on oral infections of ticks with tick-borne encephalitis virus have been derived from experiments using animals infected by syringe inoculation. to mimic the natural conditions of virus transmission, tick-borne encephalitis virus-infected ixodes ricinus (linnaeus) or rhipicephalus appendiculatus neumann adults (donors) were cofed with uninfected nymphs (recipients) of either tick species on uninfected guinea pigs. two tick-retaining cells were attached to each guinea pig: cell 1 ... | 1993 | 8433342 |
| growth of tick-borne encephalitis virus (european subtype) in cell lines from vector and non-vector ticks. | we undertook a comparative study of the susceptibility of different tick cell lines to infection with the european subtype of tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev), prototype strain neudoerfl. the growth of tbev was investigated in lines derived from vector ixodes ricinus l. ticks (ire/ctvm18, 19, and 20), as well as non-vector ticks, namely ixodes scapularis say (ide2), boophilus microplus canestrini (bme/ctvm2), hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum koch (hae/ctvm9), rhipicephalus appendiculatus neuma ... | 2008 | 18602711 |
| an antivector vaccine protects against a lethal vector-borne pathogen. | vaccines that target blood-feeding disease vectors, such as mosquitoes and ticks, have the potential to protect against the many diseases caused by vector-borne pathogens. we tested the ability of an anti-tick vaccine derived from a tick cement protein (64trp) of rhipicephalus appendiculatus to protect mice against tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) transmitted by infected ixodes ricinus ticks. the vaccine has a "dual action" in immunized animals: when infested with ticks, the inflammatory and ... | 2006 | 16604154 |
| evaluation of chimeric yellow fever 17d/dengue viral replication in ticks. | chimeric yellow fever 17d/denv-1-4 viruses (cyd-1-4) have been developed as a tetravalent dengue vaccine candidate which is currently being evaluated in efficacy trials in asia and america. while yf 17d and denv are mosquito-borne flaviviruses, it has been shown that cyd-1-4 do not replicate after oral infection in mosquitoes and are not transmitted to new hosts. to further document the risk of environmental dissemination of these viruses, we evaluated the replication of cyd-1-4 in ticks, the ve ... | 2012 | 22925017 |
| interaction of virulent and attenuated tick-borne encephalitis virus strains in ticks and a tick cell line. | an interference between a thermosensitive (ts) mutant and the wild-type (wt) of tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus in ixodes ricinus l. and rhipicephalus appendiculatus (neumann) ticks is reported. i. ricinus females were dually infected by a parenteral inoculation of ts and wt strains at 10-day interval. interference was demonstrated by the lowered ability of wt virus to replicate in ticks previously infected by ts virus. the wt virus was demonstrated in only 30% of the ticks; the average viru ... | 1998 | 9805787 |
| [a new look at transmission and circulation of tick encephalitis virus in nature]. | the author summarizes briefly the results of experiments which provide evidence of non-viraemic transmission of the virus from infected to non-infected ticks during co-feeding on a non-viraemic host. this mode of transmission originally found in the thogoto virus and its vector, the tick rhipicephalus appendiculatus, was proved also in the virus of tick-borne encephalitis and its vector ixodes ricinus. based on this fact some conclusions are drawn revising the accepted view regarding the life cy ... | 1994 | 7953087 |