| visceral leishmaniasis in eastern sudan: parasite identification in humans and dogs; host-parasite relationships. | in 1996, an epidemic outbreak of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) started in barbar el fugara, a village in gedarif state (eastern sudan). from 1997 to 2000, regular epidemiological studies were carried out in the human population, as well as in mammals and sand flies. in symptomatic patients, 46/69 lymph node, 6/20 post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (pkdl) and 1/4 cutaneous cultures in nnn medium were positive. in 69 dogs, 23/79 lymph node cultures were positive. in other mammals (47 rodents, five ... | 2003 | 14554251 |
| leishmania parasites (kinetoplastida: trypanosomatidae) reversibly inhibit visceral muscle contractions in hemimetabolous and holometabolous insects. | female sand flies can acquire protozoan parasites in the genus leishmania when feeding on an infected vertebrate host. the parasites complete a complex growth cycle in the sand fly gut until they are transmitted by bite to another host. recently, a myoinhibitory peptide was isolated from leishmania major promastigotes. this peptide caused significant gut distension and reversible, dose-dependent inhibition of spontaneous hindgut contractions in the enzootic sand fly vector, phlebotomus papatasi. ... | 2004 | 15579321 |
| molecular detection of leishmania infection in sand flies in border line of iran-turkmenistan: restricted and permissive vectors. | a molecular study was carried out to incriminate sand fly vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) in rural areas of sarakhs district, khorassane-razavi province, northeastern iran, in 2011. sand flies of sergentomyia with three species and phlebotomus with six species respectively comprised 73.3% and 26.7% of the specimens. phlebotomus papatasi was the most common phlebotomine species in outdoor and indoor resting places. leishmania infection was found at least in 17 (22%) specimens including ph ... | 2013 | 23933280 |
| resistance of phlebotomus papatasi to infection with leishmania donovani is modulated by components of the infective bloodmeal. | the circumstances which permit the establishment of leishmania infections in sandflies were investigated by altering the growth conditions for l. donovani parasites in the unsuitable vector phlebotomus papatasi. only 5.0% of the sandflies harboured a few parasites 3 days after feeding on promastigotes in defibrinated blood. heparinized blood or the addition of trypsin inhibitor to the meals allowed persistence of infections (day 6) in 9.9% and 25.8% of the flies respectively. meals of erythrocyt ... | 1998 | 9836311 |
| deficiency in beta1,3-galactosyltransferase of a leishmania major lipophosphoglycan mutant adversely influences the leishmania-sand fly interaction. | to study the function of side chain oligosaccharides of the cell-surface lipophosphoglycan (lpg), mutagenized leishmania major defective in side chain biosynthesis were negatively selected by agglutination with the monoclonal antibody wic79.3, which recognizes the galactose-containing side chains of l. major lpg. one such mutant, called spock, lacked the ability to bind significantly to midguts of the natural l. major vector, phlebotomus papatasi, and to maintain infection in the sand fly after ... | 1996 | 8702802 |
| a proteomic map of the unsequenced kala-azar vector phlebotomus papatasi using cell line. | the debilitating disease kala-azar or visceral leishmaniasis is caused by the kinetoplastid protozoan parasite leishmania donovani. the parasite is transmitted by the hematophagous sand fly vector of the genus phlebotomus in the old world and lutzomyia in the new world. the predominant phlebotomine species associated with the transmission of kala-azar are phlebotomus papatasi and phlebotomus argentipes. understanding the molecular interaction of the sand fly and leishmania, during the developmen ... | 2015 | 26307495 |
| Serological markers of sand fly exposure to evaluate insecticidal nets against visceral leishmaniasis in India and Nepal: a cluster-randomized trial. | Visceral leishmaniasis is the world' second largest vector-borne parasitic killer and a neglected tropical disease, prevalent in poor communities. Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LNs) are a low cost proven vector intervention method for malaria control; however, their effectiveness against visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is unknown. This study quantified the effect of LNs on exposure to the sand fly vector of VL in India and Nepal during a two year community intervention trial. | 2011 | 21931871 |
| leishmania major survival in selective phlebotomus papatasi sand fly vector requires a specific scg-encoded lipophosphoglycan galactosylation pattern. | phlebotomine sand flies that transmit the protozoan parasite leishmania differ greatly in their ability to support different parasite species or strains in the laboratory: while some show considerable selectivity, others are more permissive. in "selective" sand flies, leishmania binding and survival in the fly midgut typically depends upon the abundant promastigote surface adhesin lipophosphoglycan (lpg), which exhibits species- and strain-specific modifications of the dominant phosphoglycan (pg ... | 2010 | 21085609 |