| resistance to phloem transport of potato leafroll virus in potato plants. | a 'double-graft sandwich' technique in which sections of potato stem from different potato cultivars were grafted between a susceptible healthy stock plant and a potato leafroll virus (plrv)-infected scion was used to study the rate of phloem transport of plrv in cultivars differing in resistance to plrv infection (ir) and accumulation (ar). resistance to phloem transport (i.e. delayed plrv systemic movement) was found in bismark cultivar (ir a(s)). this was independent of ir and ar as the rate ... | 1992 | 1469360 |
| visualization of a luteovirus in the vector aphid's body by two gold immunolabelling techniques: a comparative study. | two gold immunolabelling techniques using electron microscopy were compared to examine the in situ localization of a luteovirus, potato leafroll virus (plrv), inside its main aphid vector, myzus persicae sulz. with gildow's technique, virus particles were labelled prior to fixation, embedding by injecting plrv-specific iggs into the living aphids. this facilitated the detection of extracellular particles located between the basal lamina and plasmalemma by trapping them in aggregates. the heavy c ... | 1991 | 1800527 |
| the purification of potato leafroll virus from its vector myzus persicae. | | 1967 | 6017406 |
| endosymbiotic bacteria associated with circulative transmission of potato leafroll virus by myzus persicae. | in order to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying circulative transmission of potato leafroll virus (plrv) by aphids, we screened myzus persicae proteins as putative plrv binding molecules using a virus overlay assay of protein blots. in this way, we found that purified plrv particles exhibited affinity for five aphid proteins. the one most readily detected has an m(r) of 63k, and was identified as symbionin. this is the predominant protein synthesized by the bacterial endosymbiont of t ... | 1994 | 7931143 |
| the intestine is a site of passage for potato leafroll virus from the gut lumen into the haemocoel in the aphid vector, myzus persicae sulz. | four detection techniques, three of which gave reliable identification of the virus particles, were used to locate potato leafroll virus (plrv) in the alimentary canal of its main aphid vector, myzus persicae sulz: immunofluorescence on cryostat sections, conventional transmission electron microscopy on ultrathin sections and immune electron microscopy with gold labeling, either prior to or after fixation-embedding. each method clearly showed the presence of the virus in the intestine epithelium ... | 1993 | 8347080 |
| detection of potato leafroll virus in single aphids by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and its potential epidemiological application. | a reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) system was developed using two 20-mer primers located in the potato leafroll virus (plrv) capsid gene. a 336-bp pcr product was detected from aphids (myzus persicae) which had been fed on plrv-infected plants. the pcr band was specific to plrv as determined by southern blots and detection by a plrv-specific probe. as little as 5 min exposure of aphids to plrv-infected leaves resulted in the presence of plrv-specific bands in 13% of a ... | 1995 | 8576303 |
| detection of stylet-borne and circulative potato viruses in aphids by duplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. | a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay was designed to amplify stylet-borne potato virus yo (pvyo) in aphids using primers located in the viral capsid gene. a 480 bp long product was detected in aphids exposed to pvyo-infected potato plants. approximately 40% of myzus persicae and 15% of aphis nasturtii exposed briefly to pvyo-infected plants acquired the virus. this rate of acquisition by both species of aphids was typical of our earlier observation of the virus transm ... | 1996 | 8793847 |
| evidence for heterologous encapsidation of potato spindle tuber viroid in particles of potato leafroll virus. | the aphid myzus persicae (sulz.) was shown to transmit potato spindle tuber viroid (pstvd) to potato clone dto-33 from source plants doubly infected with potato leafroll virus (plrv) and pstvd. transmission was of the persistent type and did not occur when the insects were allowed to feed on singly infected plants. only low levels of pstvd were associated with purified plrv virions, but its resistance to digestion with micrococcal nuclease indicates that the viroid rna is encapsidated within the ... | 1997 | 9191909 |
| potato leafroll virus binds to the equatorial domain of the aphid endosymbiotic groel homolog. | a groel homolog with a molecular mass of 60 kda, produced by the primary endosymbiotic bacterium (a buchnera sp.) of myzus persicae and released into the hemolymph, has previously been shown to be a key protein in the transmission of potato leafroll virus (plrv). like other luteoviruses and pea enation mosaic virus, plrv readily binds to extracellular buchnera groel, and in vivo interference in this interaction coincides with reduced capsid integrity and loss of infectivity. to gain more knowled ... | 1998 | 9420234 |
| a solvent-free, rapid and simple virus rna-release method for potato leafroll virus detection in aphids and plants by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. | a one-step, rapid and economical method for potato leafroll virus (plrv) rna release that is applicable to the use on a microcentrifuge scale is described. discs (3-6 mm diameter) from leaves, petioles, stems, and tubers of potato plants were incubated in microcentrifuge tubes with detergent solution. the supernatants were used directly for reverse transcription (rt) and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). of the seven nonionic detergents of the tritonx series evaluated, triton x405r was the most e ... | 1999 | 10598080 |
| identifying the determinants in the equatorial domain of buchnera groel implicated in binding potato leafroll virus. | luteoviruses avoid degradation in the hemolymph of their aphid vector by interacting with a groel homolog from the aphid's primary endosymbiotic bacterium (buchnera sp.). mutational analysis of groel from the primary endosymbiont of myzus persicae (mpb groel) revealed that the amino acids mediating binding of potato leafroll virus (plrv; luteoviridae) are located within residues 9 to 19 and 427 to 457 of the n-terminal and c-terminal regions, respectively, of the discontinuous equatorial domain. ... | 2000 | 10775590 |
| the passage of potato leafroll virus through myzus persicae gut membrane regulates transmission efficiency. | potato leafroll virus (plrv) is transmitted by aphids in a persistent manner. although virus circulation within the aphid leading to transmission has been well characterized, the mechanisms involved in virus recognition at aphid membranes are still poorly understood. one isolate in our collection (plrv-14.2) has been shown to be non- or only poorly transmitted by some clones of aphids belonging to the myzus persicae complex. to determine where the transmission process was blocked within the aphi ... | 2001 | 11125153 |
| some epidemiological approaches to the control of aphid-borne virus diseases in seed potato crops in northern europe. | an account is given of progress during the last 30 years in knowledge of the epidemiology of diseases caused by aphid-borne viruses in seed potato production areas of northern europe. during this period, potato leafroll virus (plrv) and strains of potato virus y (pvy(o), pvy(n)) were consistently the most prevalent and harmful. the main factors influencing spread involve the amount of initial virus inoculum in seed crops, agricultural practices in relation to seed potato production, the status o ... | 2000 | 11137160 |
| extreme resistance to potato leafroll virus in potato cv. russet burbank mediated by the viral replicase gene. | high levels of field resistance to potato leafroll virus (plrv; genus: polerovirus; family: luteoviridae) were achieved by expression of the unmodified, full-length plrv replicase gene in potato plants cv. russet burbank. a high degree of resistance was also achieved, but less frequently, by expression of a truncated construct of the replicase gene. in limited testing, neither miss-frame nor antisense constructs of the replicase gene conferred resistance. the degree of resistance expressed among ... | 2000 | 11137161 |
| green peach aphid (homoptera: aphididae) action thresholds for controlling the spread of potato leafroll virus in idaho. | arbitrary green peach aphid, myzus persicae (sulzer), action thresholds (0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 aphids per 100 leaves) were tested in 3 yr of field experimentation to determine if they could be maintained and if they would significantly impact aphid densities and limit the incidence of potato leafroll virus (plrv). in 1997 and 1998, significant linear relationships between thresholds and final percentage of plrv (expressed as the percentage of tubers infected with plrv) were observed: there was a ... | 2001 | 11777033 |
| volatiles from potato plants infected with potato leafroll virus attract and arrest the virus vector, myzus persicae (homoptera: aphididae). | the influence of viral disease symptoms on the behaviour of virus vectors has implications for disease epidemiology. here we show that previously reported preferential colonization of potatoes infected by potato leafroll virus (genus polerovirus) (luteovirus) (plrv) by alatae of myzus persicae, the principal aphid vector of plrv, is influenced by volatile emissions from plrv-infected plants. first, in our bioassays both differential immigration and emigration were involved in preferential coloni ... | 2002 | 11886636 |
| evaluation of a simple membrane-based nucleic acid preparation protocol for rt-pcr detection of potato viruses from aphid and plant tissues. | a rapid and simple protocol for preparing viral rna from aphids (myzus persicae) and potato (solanum tuberosum l.) tissue (leaves, sprouts, and tubers) for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was developed. the four-step method involves: (1) preparing plant crude sap or aphid macerates in a buffered detergent (triton xl-80n) solution; (2) immobilizing clarified sap on a nitrocellulose membrane; (3) performing reverse transcription using eluted water extract from cut-out spot ... | 2004 | 15381353 |
| evaluation of hairy nightshade as an inoculum source for aphid-mediated transmission of potato leafroll virus. | potato leafroll virus (plrv) causes one of the most serious aphid-transmitted diseases affecting yield and quality of potatoes, solanum tuberosum (l.), grown in the united states. the green peach aphid, myzus persicae (sulzer), is considered to be by far the most efficient vector of this virus. even the most strict aphid control strategy may not prevent the spread of plrv unless measures also are taken to keep virus source plants within and outside the crop at a minimum. hairy nightshade, solanu ... | 2005 | 16156559 |
| operating characteristics of full count and binomial sampling plans for green peach aphid (hemiptera: aphididae) in potato. | counts of green peach aphid, myzus persicae (sulzer) (hemiptera: aphididae), in potato, solanum tuberosum l., fields were used to evaluate the performance of the sampling plan from a pest management company. the counts were further used to develop a binomial sampling method, and both full count and binomial plans were evaluated using operating characteristic curves. taylor's power law provided a good fit of the data (r2 = 0.95), with the relationship between the variance (s2) and mean (m) as ln( ... | 2006 | 16813341 |
| cytochrome c oxidase mrna as an internal control for detection of potato virus y and potato leafroll virus from single aphids by a co-amplification rt-pcr assay. | using cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) mrna as the internal control, a triplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) for detection of potato virus y (pvy) and potato leafroll virus (plrv) with co-amplification of cox1 from single specimens of various aphid species has been developed. partial length cdna of cox1 from green peach aphid, myzus persicae (sulzer), potato aphid, macrosiphum euphorbiae (thomas), buckthorn aphid, aphis nasturtii (kaltenbach), and pea aphid, acyrt ... | 2006 | 17010449 |
| effect of mixed viral infections (potato virus y-potato leafroll virus) on biology and preference of vectors myzus persicae and macrosiphum euphorbiae (hemiptera: aphididae). | mixed viral infections of heterologous viruses such as potato virus y (family potyviridae, genus potyvirus, pvy) and potato leafroll virus (family luteoviridae, genus polerovirus, plrv) are a regular occurrence in idaho's potato, solanum tuberosum (l.), cropping systems. an increased number of plant samples from idaho's potato fields over the past 2 yr has serologically tested positive for both pvy and plrv via double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (das-elisa) and exhibited ... | 2007 | 17598521 |
| myzus persicae is arrested more by blends than by individual compounds elevated in headspace of plrv-infected potato. | volatiles from potato plants (solanum tuberosum l.) infected with potato leaf roll virus (plrv) attract and arrest the principal vector of plrv, the green peach aphid, myzus persicae (sulzer), more strongly than volatiles from non-infected plants. the total concentration of volatiles detectable in the headspace of plrv-infected plants is greater than that in the headspace of non-infected controls, and the relative composition is altered. to determine the basis of the aphid response to plrv-infec ... | 2007 | 17680312 |
| genomic resources for myzus persicae: est sequencing, snp identification, and microarray design. | the green peach aphid, myzus persicae (sulzer), is a world-wide insect pest capable of infesting more than 40 plant families, including many crop species. however, despite the significant damage inflicted by m. persicae in agricultural systems through direct feeding damage and by its ability to transmit plant viruses, limited genomic information is available for this species. | 2007 | 18021414 |
| effect of an alternate weed host, hairy nightshade, solanum sarrachoides, on the biology of the two most important potato leafroll virus (luteoviridae: polerovirus) vectors, myzus persicae and macrosiphum euphorbiae (aphididae: homoptera). | hairy nightshade, solanum sarrachoides (sendtner), is a ubiquitous weed in potato agro-ecosystems and nonagricultural lands of southeastern idaho and the pacific northwest. this weed increases the complexity of the potato leafroll virus (plrv) (luteoviridae: polervirus)-potato pathosystem by serving as aphid and virus reservoir. previous field studies showed higher densities of green peach aphid, myzus persicae (sulzer), and potato aphid, macrosiphum euphorbiae (thomas), the two most important v ... | 2008 | 18419933 |
| hairy nightshade as a potential potato leafroll virus (luteoviridae: polerovirus) inoculum source in pacific northwest potato ecosystems. | hairy nightshade, solanum sarrachoides, is a solanaceous weed found abundantly in pacific northwest potato ecosystems. it serves as a reservoir for one of the important potato viruses, potato leafroll virus (plrv) (luteoviridae: polerovirus), and its most important vector, the green peach aphid, myzus persicae (homoptera: aphididae). laboratory research indicated an increased green peach aphid settling and performance on s. sarrachoides than on potato. it also revealed that green peach aphids tr ... | 2008 | 18943736 |
| aphid acquisition and cellular transport of potato leafroll virus-like particles lacking p5 readthrough protein. | abstract lepidopteran cells (spodoptera frugiperda) produced isometric virus-like particles (vlp) when infected with a recombinant baculovirus ac61 that contained the potato leafroll virus (plrv) coat protein gene modified with an n-terminal histidine tag (p3-6h). cells infected with acfl, a recombinant baculovirus that expressed cdna copies of the plrv genome rna, did not produce virus-like particles (vlp). in cell lines doubly infected with ac61 and acfl, vlp were formed that contained plrv-rn ... | 2000 | 18944480 |
| a simple, rapid and inexpensive method for localization of tomato yellow leaf curl virus and potato leafroll virus in plant and insect vectors. | a simple, rapid, inexpensive method for the localization of virus transcripts in plant and insect vector tissues is reported here. the method based on fluorescent in situ hybridization using short dna oligonucleotides complementary to an rna segment representing a virus transcript in the infected plant or insect vector. the dna probe harbors a fluorescent molecule at its 5' or 3' ends. the protocol: simple fixation, hybridization, minimal washing and confocal microscopy, provides a highly specif ... | 2009 | 19406154 |
| influence of the potato leafroll virus and virus-infected plants on the arrestment of the aphid, myzus persicae. | a series of experiments was conducted using membrane sachets containing mp148 diet or phosphate-buffered sucrose with and without purified potato leafroll virus to determine if direct encounter with the virus would arrest the aphid, myzus persicae (sulzer) (homoptera: aphididae). in only two out of 36 tests were there significantly more aphids settled on sachets containing the virus. in all other tests, there were either significantly fewer aphids on sachets containing virus or there were no dif ... | 2006 | 19537970 |
| changes in green peach aphid responses to potato leafroll virus-induced volatiles emitted during disease progression. | previous research has shown that green peach aphids, myzus persicae (sulzer), preferentially settle on leaflets of potato plants (solanum tuberosum l.) infected with potato leafroll virus (plrv) compared with sham-inoculated controls, at least in part because of aphid responses to volatile cues from the plants. the prior work used plants 4 wk after inoculation. in this study, aphid emigration from the vicinity of leaflets of plrv-infected plants at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 wk after inoculation was com ... | 2009 | 19825298 |
| the influence of virus-induced changes in plants on aphid vectors: insights from luteovirus pathosystems. | plant virus infection can alter the suitability of host plants for their aphid vectors. most reports indicate that virus-infected plants are superior hosts for vectors compared to virus-free plants with respect to vector growth rates, fecundity and longevity. some aphid vectors respond preferentially to virus-infected plants compared to virus-free ones, while others avoid infected plants that are inferior hosts. thus, it appears vectors can exploit changes in host plant quality associated with v ... | 2011 | 21549769 |
| host plants indirectly influence plant virus transmission by altering gut cysteine protease activity of aphid vectors. | the green peach aphid, myzus persicae, is a vector of the potato leafroll virus (plrv, luteoviridae), transmitted exclusively by aphids in a circulative manner. plrv transmission efficiency was significantly reduced when a clonal lineage of m. persicae was reared on turnip as compared with the weed physalis, and this was a transient effect caused by a host-switch response. a trend of higher plrv titer in physalis-reared aphids as compared with turnip-reared aphids was observed at 24 h and 72 h a ... | 2017 | 27932519 |
| the effects of high temperature on infection by potato virus y, potato virus a, and potato leafroll virus. | we examined the effects of temperature on acquisition of potato virus y-o (pvy-o), potato virus a (pva), and potato leafroll virus (plrv) by myzus persicae by performing transmission tests with aphids that acquired each virus at different temperatures. infection by pvy-o/pva and plrv increased with increasing plant temperature in nicotiana benthamiana and physalis floridana, respectively, after being transmitted by aphids that acquired them within a temperature range of 10-20°c. however, infecti ... | 2016 | 27493607 |
| impact of aphid alarm pheromone release on virus transmission efficiency: when pest control strategy could induce higher virus dispersion. | aphids cause serious damages to crops not only by tacking sap but also by transmitting numerous viruses. to develop biological control, the aphid alarm pheromone, namely e-β-farnesene (eβf), has been demonstrated to be efficient to repel aphids and as attract beneficials, making it a potential tool to control aphid pests. considering aphids also as virus vectors, changes of their behavior could also interfere with the virus acquisition and transmission process. here, a combination of two aphid s ... | 2016 | 27185564 |
| development and reproduction of chrysoperla externa (hagen) (neuroptera: chrysopidae) fed on myzus persicae (sulzer) (hemiptera: aphididae) vectoring potato leafroll virus (plrv). | the aim of this study was to evaluate the biological parameters of chrysoperla externa (hagen) while feeding on myzus persicae (sulzer) acting as a vector of potato leafroll virus (plrv). in laboratory experiments, three different diets were offered ad libitum to c. externa during the larval period: m. persicae fed on plrv-infected potato leaves, m. persicae fed on uninfected potato leaves, and eggs of the factitious prey anagasta kuehniella (zeller) as the control. the following parameters were ... | 2015 | 26395997 |
| a novel combination of a new umbravirus, a new satellite rna and potato leafroll virus causes tobacco bushy top disease in ethiopia. | etiological studies of a recently emerged bushy top disease of tobacco in ethiopia indicated that a ~4.5-kb dsrna from infected plants represents an umbravirus, whereas a smaller band (~0.5 kb) is that of a new satellite rna. potato leafroll virus was also consistently associated with the disease. the three agents, whose experimental host ranges are restricted to members of the family solanaceae, always occurred together in field samples and are transmitted together by the aphid myzus persicae n ... | 2014 | 25119677 |
| preference by a virus vector for infected plants is reversed after virus acquisition. | pathogens and their vectors can interact either directly or indirectly via their shared hosts, with implications for the persistence and spread of the pathogen in host populations. for example, some plant viruses induce changes in host plants that cause the aphids that carry these viruses to settle preferentially on infected plants. furthermore, relative preference by the vector for infected plants can change to a preference for noninfected plants after virus acquisition by the vector, as has re ... | 2014 | 24269348 |
| different reactions of potato varieties to infection by potato leafroll virus, and associated responses by its vector, myzus persicae (sulzer). | vector-dependent plant pathogens can alter their hosts such that vector behavior and pathogen spread are affected. for example, potato leafroll virus (plrv)-induces changes in volatiles emitted by potato plants (solanum tuberosum l.) that influence settling behavior by myzus persicae, a principal vector of the virus. prior work in this pathosystem has utilized a single potato variety, russet burbank, but as is true for other plant responses to biotic stresses, responses may differ among plant ge ... | 2013 | 23807432 |
| the role of bacterial chaperones in the circulative transmission of plant viruses by insect vectors. | persistent circulative transmission of plant viruses involves complex interactions between the transmitted virus and its insect vector. several studies have shown that insect vector proteins are involved in the passage and the transmission of the virus. interestingly, proteins expressed by bacterial endosymbionts that reside in the insect vector, were also shown to influence the transmission of these viruses. thus far, the transmission of two plant viruses that belong to different virus genera w ... | 2013 | 23783810 |
| engineered resistance in potato against potato leafroll virus, potato virus a and potato virus y. | transgenic potato plants of solanum tuberosum cultivar vales sovereign were generated that expressed fused, tandem, 200 bp segments derived from the capsid protein coding sequences of potato virus y (pvy strain o) and potato leafroll virus (plrv), as well as the cylindrical inclusion body coding sequences of potato virus a (pva), as inverted repeat double-stranded rnas, separated by an intron. the orientation of the expressed double-stranded rnas was either sense-intron-antisense or antisense-in ... | 2013 | 23526159 |
| transfer of resistance to plrv titer buildup from solanum etuberosum to a tuber-bearing solanum gene pool. | hybrids between solanum etuberosum and s. pinnatisectum harboring resistance to titer buildup of potato leafroll virus (plrv) were reciprocally crossed with tuber-bearing wild species s. acaule and s. verrucosum. a total of 47 hybrids with acaule were obtained with the aid of embryo rescue and sterile culturing of embryos from imbibing seeds. all but two hybrids with acaule had low pollen stainabilities or were pollen sterile. hybrid seeds from crosses with verrucosum were easily obtained, and t ... | 1988 | 24231994 |