| studies on the burma (thau.) strain of plasmodium falciparum in aotus trivirgatus monkeys. | the burma (thau.) strain of plasmodium falciparum was established in 3 aotus trivirgatus monkeys by the inoculation of parasitized blood from man. subsequently, passage from monkey to monkey was obtained through subinoculation of blood parasites to 15 aotus monkeys. anopheles freeborni mosquitoes were fed on these infections on 207 occasions; in 105 of these trials, mosquitoes became infected. a total of 335 (9.9%) of the 3,378 individual mosquitoes dissected were infected. passage of the infect ... | 1978 | 96244 |
| studies on the west african i strain of plasmodium falciparum in aotus trivirgatus monkeys. | the west african i strain of plasmodium falciparum was isolated from a commercial airline pilot who had an overnight stay in nigeria. once established in the aotus trivirgatus griseimembra monkey, the parasite produced high parasitemias and readily infected mosquitoes. anopheles freeborni and an. maculatus mosquitoes transmitted the infection to additional animals. infected salivary glands were also seen in an. culcifacies. comparative infectivity studies indicated the most susceptible mosquito ... | 1979 | 117091 |
| studies on the santa lucia (el salvador) strain of plasmodium falciparum in aotus trivirgatus monkeys. | the santa lucia strain of plasmodium falciparum was isolated from el salvador, central america, and established in aotus trivirgatus monkeys. transmission from monkey to monkey via the bites of infected anopheles freeborni, a. maculatus, and a, albimanus mosquitoes was obtained in 20 of 27 attempts. prepatent periods in the monkeys ranged from 17 to 46 days with a mean of 24.3 days. parasitemias and mortality were higher following sporozoite inoculation into animals which had been previously inf ... | 1977 | 403272 |
| infectivity of the santa lucia (el salvador) strain of plasmodium falciparum to different anophelines. | anopheles freeborni mosquitoes were much more heavily infected with the santa lucia strain of plasmodium falciparum from coastal el salvador than were any of the other species tested. of 5 strains of a. albimanus examined, the most heavily infected was the ca-109a and the least was the melara, both of which come from coastal el salvador. of the exotic anophelines, the a. maculatus was infected at a slightly higher level than was the a. balabacensis. the incidence of highly infected individual mo ... | 1977 | 403273 |
| sporozoite transmission by anopheles freeborni and anopheles gambiae experimentally infected with plasmodium falciparum. | a micro-membrane feeding technique was used to evaluate sporozoite transmission for anopheles freeborni and an. gambiae experimentally infected with plasmodium falciparum. from cohorts of infected mosquitoes with equivalent sporozoite loads, 75.9% of 29 an. freeborni transmitted a geometric mean (gm) of 4.9 sporozoites and 80% of 30 an. gambiae transmitted a gm of 11.3 sporozoites. ingested sporozoites, in the blood meal immediately after feeding, were detected in 86.2% of 29 an. freeborni (gm = ... | 1992 | 1474388 |
| infection of aotus vociferans monkeys with different strains of plasmodium falciparum. | twenty-one splenectomized aotus vociferans monkeys were infected with the different strains/clones of plasmodium falciparum. maximum parasitemia ranged from 1,302 to 1,460,000 parasites per mm3. only the santa lucia strain was shown to produce gametocytes for extended periods. gametocytes produced during the primary episode of parasitemia were highly infective to anopheles freeborni mosquitoes. gametocytes produced during recrudescence were not infective to mosquitoes feeding directly on the ani ... | 1991 | 1865263 |
| antibodies to plasmodium falciparum gamete surface antigens in papua new guinea sera. | sera from individuals living in malaria endemic areas of papua new guinea were tested for their effect on infectivity of plasmodium falciparum gametocytes grown in culture to anopheles freeborni mosquitoes. consistent reduction of infectivity to less than 5% of control was observed with nine out of the 41 sera from the endemic area tested and also with three out of seven sera tested from individuals rarely exposed to malaria infection. gamete surface antigens recognized by the sera were investig ... | 1988 | 3287282 |
| infection of aotus azarae boliviensis monkeys with different strains of plasmodium vivax. | sixty-seven splenectomized aotus azarae boliviensis were infected with strains of plasmodium vivax from southeast asia (2), new guinea (2), north korea (1), and central america (3). maximum parasitemias varied among the different strains, with the mean maximum parasitemia for the primary infection period being 16,200 per mm3. animals previously infected with plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium malariae produced maximum parasitemias of 30,200 and 11,900 per mm3, respectively. gametocytes infecti ... | 1985 | 3889264 |
| transmission of plasmodium falciparum from monkey to monkey by the bite of infected anopheles freeborni mosquitoes. | | 1972 | 4626003 |
| falciparum malaria transmissible from monkey to man by mosquito bite. | anopheles freeborni mosquitoes were infected by feeding on a new world monkey, aotus trivirgatus, infected with the malayan iv strain of plasmodium falciparum. after a normal incubation period, the infection was passed to a human volunteer through the bites of these mosquitoes, demonstrating for the first time the practicability of using a simian host as a donor for the infection of mosquitoes with this species of human malarial parasites. | 1968 | 4871793 |
| monkey to man transmission of plasmodium falciparum by anopheles freeborni mosquitoes. | | 1968 | 4990410 |
| studies on the indochina i/cdc strain of plasmodium falciparum in colombian and bolivian aotus monkeys and different anophelines. | the indochina i/cdc strain of plasmodium falciparum was isolated from a physician returning to the united states after working in the refugee camps along the thailand-kampuchean border. the strain was established in splenectomized aotus monkeys from colombia after being grown in vitro for 50 days. during the first three passages in colombian monkeys, the parasites were not infective to bolivian aotus monkeys. after six intervening passages in saimiri sciureus monkeys, the parasites produced high ... | 1983 | 6338191 |
| infectivity to mosquitoes of plasmodium falciparum clones grown in vitro from the same isolate. | in an attempt to produce a line of cultured plasmodium falciparum parasites consistently infective to mosquites, a brazilian isolate, imtm 22, was cloned by the limiting dilution method. five of the resulting clones were examined in detail. the clones were found to differ in their ability to produce micro- and macrogametocytes, to exflagellate and to infect anopheles freeborni mosquitoes. the stability of one clone in producing microgametocytes and in its ability to produce oocysts and sporozoit ... | 1984 | 6380022 |
| [obtaining hepatic stages of plasmodium falciparum in vitro]. | sporozoites of plasmodium falciparum, obtained by membrane feeding of anopheles freeborni or a. stephensi with cultured gametocytes, were used to infect monolayers of human hepatocytes. fluorescent labelling with an african serum as well as giemsa staining performed from day one to day 7 of cultures, demonstrated the presence of numerous hepatic schizonts measuring up to 40 micron. | 1984 | 6391340 |
| observations on two strains of plasmodium falciparum from haiti in aotus monkeys. | two strains of plasmodium falciparum originating in haiti were studied in the aotus monkey. the haitian i/cdc strain was first adapted to in vitro cultivation and subsequently inoculated into monkeys. the haitian iii/cdc strain was inoculated directly from a human patient into the aotus monkey. the strains varied in their levels of pathogenicity to the animals. the haitian i/cdc strain was highly virulent in six splenectomized animals; in one intact animal, the infection could be controlled but ... | 1982 | 6750071 |
| studies on the cambodian i strain of plasmodium falciparum in aotus monkeys. | the cambodian i strain of plasmodium falciparum, originally from kampuchea was adapted for development in three different types of aotus monkeys. high-level parasitemias were readily produced in splenectomized colombian a. trivirgatus griseimembra monkeys. initially, only minimal parasitemias developed in a. t. trivirgatus monkeys from colombia. however, in one animal, adaptation occurred and high-level parasitemias were obtained during the second recrudescence of the infection. passage to other ... | 1982 | 6752366 |
| infection of anopheles freeborni by gametocytes of cultured plasmodium falciparum. | | 1980 | 7010690 |
| plasmodium falciparum gametocytes from culture in vitro develop to sporozoites that are infectious to primates. | gametocytes of two strains of the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum have been produced in high density by means of a continuous-flow cultivation system. the gametocytes of these two strains infected a mean of 36 percent and 71 percent, respectively, of anopheles freeborni mosquitoes that fed on a suspension of red blood cells containing the culture gametocytes. sporozoites harvested from the infected mosquito salivary glands were infective to the chimpanzee (pan troglodytes) and the o ... | 1982 | 7051285 |
| the santa lucia strain of plasmodium falciparum as a model for vaccine studies. i. development in aotus lemurinus griseimembra monkeys. | the santa lucia strain of plasmodium falciparum and the aotus lemurinus griseimembra monkey are proposed as models for the testing of sporozoite vaccines and transmission-blocking vaccines. approximately 85% of splenectomized monkeys were infected when fed upon by 10 or more heavily infected anopheles freeborni mosquitoes. sporozoite-induced infections in monkeys with or without previous infection with p. vivax readily infected mosquitoes, thus making them candidates for testing transmission-blo ... | 1996 | 8615450 |
| proteolytic enzyme activity and plasmodium falciparum sporogonic development in three species of anopheles mosquitoes. | if proteolytic enzymes affect the innate vector competence of anopheles mosquitoes for plasmodium infections, then mechanistic effects should be most pronounced at the zygote to ookinete developmental transition. anopheles freeborni, anopheles gambiae, and anopheles albimanus exhibit excellent, good, and poor susceptibility to p. falciparum, respectively. aminopeptidase and trypsin activity were determined relative to the kinetics of p. falciparum ookinete development in these 3 anopheles specie ... | 1996 | 8627478 |
| the malayan iv strain of plasmodium falciparum in aotus monkeys. | forty-nine infections with the malayan iv strain of plasmodium falciparum were induced in different species of aotus monkeys. the parasite was shown to be infective to four different species of aotus monkeys via the inoculation of parasitized erythrocytes. sporozoite transmission was obtained to a. lemurinus griseimembra, a. vociferans, and hybrid monkeys with a. azarae boliviensis x a. nancymai and a. lemurinus griseimembra x a. nancymai parentage. anopheles freeborni and an. stephensi mosquito ... | 1997 | 9063361 |
| adaptation of a strain of plasmodium falciparum from a montagnard refugee to aotus monkeys. | a strain of plasmodium falciparum from a montagnard refugee was shown to produce large numbers of gametocytes in culture. attempts were made to establish this strain in aotus monkeys via trophozoite and sporozoite inoculation. the montagnard s-1 strain was readily adapted to a. l. griseimembra monkeys via trophozoite inoculation. other species of aotus failed to support the development of high density parasitemia. none of 12 attempts to transmit the infection via sporozoites from anopheles freeb ... | 1997 | 9406798 |
| saccharomyces cerevisiae-secreted fusion proteins pfs25 and pfs28 elicit potent plasmodium falciparum transmission-blocking antibodies in mice. | transmission-blocking vaccines based on sexual-stage surface antigens of plasmodium falciparum may assist in the control of this lethal form of human malaria. two vaccine candidates, pfs25 and pfs28, were produced as single recombinant fusion proteins. the 39-kda chimeric proteins, having a c-terminal his6 tag, were secreted by saccharomyces cerevisiae, using the prepro-alpha-factor leader sequence. pfs25-28 fusion proteins were significantly more potent than either pfs25 or pfs28 alone in elici ... | 1998 | 9423839 |
| blood acquisition and processing by three anopheles (diptera: culicidae) species with different innate susceptibilities to plasmodium falciparum. | anopheles freeborni aitken, an. gambiae giles, and an. albimanus weidemann exhibit excellent, good, and poor susceptibility to plasmodium falciparum welch, respectively. to determine why they differ, 5 variables relating to blood-feeding behavior and 10 variables associated with bloodmeal processing were evaluated for each species. the 3 anopheles species did not differ in their probing behavior, but an. gambiae took 1.7 times longer to complete engorgement than either an. freeborni or an. albim ... | 1998 | 9615552 |
| disruption of plasmodium falciparum chitinase markedly impairs parasite invasion of mosquito midgut. | to initiate invasion of the mosquito midgut, plasmodium ookinetes secrete chitinolytic activity to penetrate the peritrophic matrix surrounding the blood meal. while ookinetes of the avian malaria parasite plasmodium gallinaceum appear to secrete products of two chitinase genes, to date only one chitinase gene, pfcht1, has been identified in the nearly completed plasmodium falciparum strain 3d7 genome database. to test the hypothesis that the single identified chitinase of p. falciparum is neces ... | 2001 | 11349075 |
| potential of the panama strain of plasmodium vivax for the testing of malarial vaccines in aotus nancymai monkeys. | aotus monkeys were infected with a strain of plasmodium vivax from panama to determine its potential for the testing of malarial vaccines. after sporozoite inoculation, 3 splenectomized aotus nancymai that had been infected previously with plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax had prepatent periods of 13, 15, and 15 days with maximum parasite counts of 12,726/microl, 5,310/microl, and 9,180/microl. three other a. nancymai previously infected with p. falciparum only had prepatent periods of 17, 15, ... | 2002 | 12479543 |
| adaptation of a strain of plasmodium falciparum from ghana to aotus lemurinus griseimembra, a. nancymai, and a. vociferans monkeys. | a strain of plasmodium falciparum from ghana was adapted to aotus lemurinus griseimembra, a. nancymai, and a. vociferans monkeys. gametocytes in splenectomized a. nancymai were infective to anopheles freeborni mosquitoes. sporozoite transmission was accomplished in two splenectomized a. nancymai with prepatent periods of 22 and 25 days. the ghana iii/cdc strain of p. falciparum is susceptible to treatment with chloroquine and mefloquine. | 2003 | 14740874 |
| aotus nancymaae as a potential model for the testing of anti-sporozoite and liver stage vaccines against plasmodium falciparum. | the santa lucia strain of plasmodium falciparum was transmitted to aotus lemurinus griseimembra, a. azarae boliviensis, a. vociferans, and a. nancymaae monkeys by bite and by intravenous inoculation of sporozoites dissected from anopheles freeborni, an. stephensi, an. gambiae, an. albimanus, and an. maculatus mosquitoes. the data obtained from these infections indicate that a. nancymaae can be considered a suitable host model when combined with the santa lucia strain of p. falciparum for the tes ... | 2006 | 16525100 |
| the santa lucia strain of plasmodium falciparum in aotus monkeys. | the santa lucia strain of plasmodium falciparum was studied in 150 aotus lemurinus griseimembra, 30 a. azarae boliviensis, 103 a. nancymaae, and 121 a. vociferans monkeys. all four of these splenectomized hosts supported the production of gametocytes infective to anopheles freeborni mosquitoes. transmission through sporozoites from an. freeborni, an. stephensi, an. maculatus, and an. albimanus mosquitoes was successful to all four species of aotus on a total of 100 occasions with a median pre-pa ... | 2009 | 19346371 |
| infection of mosquitoes with plasmodium falciparum by feeding on humans and on aotus monkeys. | of 1,004 positive lots of mosquitoes fed on 229 humans infected with plasmodium falciparum, 46.2% had 1-10 oocysts/(+)gut, 21.2% had 10-30 oocysts/(+)gut, 22.2% had 30-100 oocysts/(+)gut, and 10.4% had > 100 oocysts/(+) gut. the highest levels of infection occurred between 6 and 15 days after the peak in the asexual parasite count. of 2,281 lots of anopheles freeborni mosquitoes fed on splenectomized aotus monkeys infected with the santa lucia strain of p. falciparum, 1,191 were infected (52.2%) ... | 2009 | 19706927 |
| the dominant anopheles vectors of human malaria in the americas: occurrence data, distribution maps and bionomic précis. | abstract: | 2010 | 20712879 |
| 4-(1h)-quinolones and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridin-9(10h)-ones prevent the transmission of plasmodium falciparum to anopheles freeborni. | malaria kills approximately 1 million people a year, mainly in sub-saharan africa. essential steps in the life cycle of the parasite are the development of gametocytes, as well as the formation of oocysts and sporozoites, in the anopheles mosquito vector. preventing transmission of malaria through the mosquito is necessary for the control of the disease; nevertheless, the vast majority of drugs in use act primarily against the blood stages. the study described herein focuses on the assessment of ... | 2013 | 24080648 |