| infection of anopheles darlingi fed on patients with plasmodium falciparum before and after treatment with quinine or quinine plus tetracycline. | anopheles darlingi fed on eight falciparum malaria patients with gametocytes before and after treatment with quinine sulfate or quinine sulfate plus tetracycline became infected. quinine and quinine plus tetracycline had no apparent sporontocidal or gametocytocidal effect on late stage immature and mature gametocytes. plasmodium falciparum gametocytes are persistent and infected mosquitoes for up to 21 days after patients were treated with quinine plus tetracycline. sporogonic development was si ... | 1991 | 1858964 |
| natural malaria infections in anophelines in rondonia state, brazilian amazon. | the use of an immunoassay for the detection of plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax circumsporozoite (cs) antigens in anophelines has recently incriminated other malaria vectors besides anopheles darlingi in the brazilian amazon. in this study we analyzed 12,336 field-collected anophelines from endemic areas in rondonia for plasmodial infection. sixty-one specimens from 6 species were positive: 47 an. darlingi, 5 an. triannulatus, 4 an. albitarsis, 2 an. braziliensis, 2 an. strodei, and 1 an. oswa ... | 1990 | 2200290 |
| [malaria in guiana. ii. the characteristics of different foci and antimalarial control]. | in french guiana, the distribution of malaria in foci inhabited by quite different ethnic groups calls for specific studies. along the oyapock on the brasilian border and along the litani on the surinam border, incidence among american indians and creoles ranges from 300 and 900 per thousand; plasmodium falciparum accounts for 65% and p. vivax for 35%. along the middle and lower maroni on the surinam border, the boni and ndjukas negroes move freely through the frontier and since the civil strife ... | 1989 | 2670293 |
| interruption of malaria transmission by chloroquinized salt in guyana, with observations on a chloroquine-resistant strain of plasmodium falciparum. | malaria and its local vector, anopheles darlingi, were eradicated from the coastlands and near interior of guyana by ddt house-spraying in 1945-51. in the remote interior, where 10% of the population live, only partial control could be achieved, owing to the semi-silvatic habits of a. darlingi and the considerable movement of the sparse population; low malaria endemicity persisted in these areas with occasional localized outbreaks. in the south-west the problem was further complicated by the pre ... | 1967 | 4864651 |
| a field trial with lambda-cyhalothrin (icon) for the intradomiciliary control of malaria transmitted by anopheles darlingi root in rondonia, brazil. | a two stage field trial comparing the effects of lambdacyhalothrin (icon) and ddt when used as residual sprays on the inside surfaces of houses, was conducted in the machadinho and jaru areas of rodonia, brazil, in 1987 and 1988. in 1987 houses along two 16 km contiguous stretches of a main and a side road were sprayed and the effects on malaria vectors monitored for the succeeding year. in the second stage approximately 55,000 houses in both districts were sprayed with icon and the effect on ma ... | 1995 | 8546036 |
| [malaria, anopheles, the anti-malaria campaign in french guyana: between dogmatism and judgment]. | the recrudescence of malaria in french guiana involves both border regions. one notes the predominance of plasmodium falciparum along the maroni river on the surinam frontier and the transmission of both plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax in amerindian settlements along the oyapock river on the brazilian frontier. the main mosquito vector is the endoexophile species, anopheles darlingi. the role of man-biting forest anophelines in malaria transmission is still unclear. at the present tim ... | 1997 | 9612784 |
| malaria reemergence in the peruvian amazon region. | epidemic malaria has rapidly emerged in loreto department, in the peruvian amazon region. peru reports the second highest number of malaria cases in south america (after brazil), most from loreto. from 1992 to 1997, malaria increased 50-fold in loreto but only fourfold in peru. plasmodium falciparum infection, which has increased at a faster rate than p. vivax infection in the last 3 years, became the dominant plasmodium infection in the highest transmission areas in the 1997 rainy season. the v ... | 1999 | 10221872 |
| [malaria in the americas]. | in 1996, malaria involving plasmodium vivax, plasmodium falciparum, and, to a lesser extent, plasmodium malariae was endemic in 21 countries in the americas. the amazon river basin and bordering areas including the guyanas were the most affected zones. until the mid 1970s, endemic malaria appeared to be under control. however in the ensuing 15 year period, the situation deteriorated drastically. although trends varied depending on location, aggregate indexes indicated a twofold increase with rec ... | 1999 | 10701211 |
| plasmodium vivax polymorphs and plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite proteins in anopheles (diptera: culicidae) from belize, central america. | eight species of anopheles mosquitoes from indoor/outdoor human landing collections in belize, central america, were examined for human plasmodium circumsporozoite protein (csp) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). a total of 14 of 9,104 females tested were positive from general surveys throughout belize and three of 11,966 were positive from a longitudinal study in caledonia, northern belize. elisa results, using pooled head-thorax preparations and species-specific monoclonal ant ... | 2000 | 11217218 |
| geographical distribution of anopheles darlingi in the amazon basin region of peru. | malaria has reemerged as a significant public health disease threat in peru, especially within the amazon basin region. this resurgence of human cases caused by infection with plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax is thought to be associated with the spread of anopheles darlingi, the principal south american malaria vector, into new areas of the amazon basin. however, comprehensive studies of the distribution for this species have not been conducted in peru for several years, nor are histor ... | 2003 | 14710728 |
| natural plasmodium infections in anopheles darlingi and anopheles benarrochi (diptera: culicidae) from eastern peru. | malaria, both plasmodium falciparum (welch) and plasmodium vivax (grassi & feletti), has reemerged as a significant public health disease issue in peru, especially in forested areas in the eastern part of the country. the spread of anopheles darlingi root, the principal south american malaria vector, into new areas of peru is thought to be a factor in this resurgence. however, epidemiological evidence suggests that in malaria endemic areas of eastern peru where an. darlingi does not occur, other ... | 2004 | 15185955 |
| comparative susceptibility of three species of anopheles from belize, central america, to plasmodium falciparum (nf-54). | in august of 2000, a comparative susceptibility study was conducted using 3 species of anopheles mosquitoes from belize, central america, and a standard species used in laboratory infection studies, anopheles stephensi. test populations were fed human blood infected with cultured plasmodium falciparum (nf-54 strain) parasites via a membrane feeder. the control species, an. stephensi, exhibited the highest infections, with 73.8% of dissected specimens positive for sporozoites in the salivary glan ... | 2005 | 16252518 |
| asymptomatic carriers of plasmodium spp. as infection source for malaria vector mosquitoes in the brazilian amazon. | we have described the existence of asymptomatic carriers of plasmodium vivax and plasmodium falciparum infections in native amazon populations. most of them had low parasitemias, detected only by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). because they remain symptomless and untreated, we wanted to determine whether they could infect anopheles darlingi root, the main brazilian vector, and act as disease reservoirs. fifteen adult asymptomatic patients (pcr positive only) were selected, and experimental infe ... | 2005 | 16363160 |
| limited diversity of anopheles darlingi in the peruvian amazon region of iquitos. | anopheles darlingi is the most important malaria vector in the amazon basin of south america, and is capable of transmitting both plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax. to understand the genetic structure of this vector in the amazonian region of peru, a simple polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based test to identify this species of mosquito was used. a random amplified polymorphic dna-pcr was used to study genetic variation at the micro-geographic level in nine geographically separate populations of ... | 2006 | 16896125 |
| vector bionomics and malaria transmission in the upper orinoco river, southern venezuela. | a longitudinal epidemiological and entomological study was carried out in ocamo, upper orinoco river, between january 1994 and february 1995 to understand the dynamics of malaria transmission in this area. malaria transmission occurs throughout the year with a peak in june at the beginning of the rainy season. the annual parasite index was 1,279 per 1,000 populations at risk. plasmodium falciparum infections accounted for 64% of all infections, p. vivax for 28%, and p. malariae for 4%. mixed p. ... | 2007 | 17568935 |
| abundance, biting behaviour and parous rate of anopheline mosquito species in relation to malaria incidence in gold-mining areas of southern venezuela. | a longitudinal entomological and epidemiological study was conducted in five localities of southern venezuela between january 1999 and april 2000 to determine the abundance, biting behaviour and parity of anopheline mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in relation to climate variables and malaria incidence. a total of 3685 female anopheline mosquitoes, representing six species, were collected. the most abundant species were anopheles marajoara galvão & damasceno (60.7%) and anopheles darlingi root (3 ... | 2007 | 18092972 |
| malaria vectors in areas of plasmodium falciparum epidemic transmission in the amazon region, brazil. | the main vectors of malaria in brazil are anopheles darlingi, an. aquasalis, and some species of the an. albitarsis complex, whereas others have questionable importance with regard to the disease transmission. to identify these vectors in the state of pará, brazil, in a high-prevalence p. falciparum area, 565 anophelines were captured and identified while the seasonal variation and daily biting activity were determined. of the seven anopheline species (an. strodei, an. albitarsis s.l., an. rondo ... | 2008 | 18541762 |
| anopheles darlingi bionomics and transmission of plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium vivax and plasmodium malariae in amerindian villages of the upper-maroni amazonian forest, french guiana. | french guiana is one of the areas in south america most affected by malaria and where the disease has become a serious public health problem. in spite of this situation, little recent entomological data are available from the main localities where the disease occurs, even though they are crucial for development of an effective vector control strategy. a longitudinal entomological survey was carried out from march 2000-february 2002 in three amerindian villages, namely twenké, taluène and cayodé, ... | 2008 | 19057822 |
| malaria entomological inoculation rates in gold mining areas of southern venezuela. | a longitudinal study of malaria vectors aiming to describe the intensity of transmission was carried out in five villages of southern venezuela between january 1999-april 2000. the man-biting, sporozoite and entomological inoculation rates (eir) were calculated based on 121 all-night collections of anophelines landing on humans, cdc light traps and ultra violet up-draft traps. a total of 6,027 female mosquitoes representing seven species were collected. the most abundant species were anopheles m ... | 2009 | 19820839 |
| malaria in brazil: an overview. | malaria is still a major public health problem in brazil, with approximately 306,000 registered cases in 2009, but it is estimated that in the early 1940s, around six million cases of malaria occurred each year. as a result of the fight against the disease, the number of malaria cases decreased over the years and the smallest numbers of cases to-date were recorded in the 1960s. from the mid-1960s onwards, brazil underwent a rapid and disorganized settlement process in the amazon and this migrato ... | 2010 | 20433744 |
| Environmental, entomological, socioeconomic and behavioural risk factors for malaria attacks in Amerindian children of Camopi, French Guiana. | Malaria is a major health issue in French Guiana. Amerindian communities remain the most affected. A previous study in Camopi highlighted the predominant role of environmental factors in the occurrence of malaria. However, all parameters involved in the transmission were not clearly identified. A new survey was conducted in order to clarify the risk factors for the presence of malaria cases in Camopi. | 2011 | 21861885 |
| malaria vectors in ecologically heterogeneous localities of the colombian pacific region. | the colombian pacific region is second nationally in number of malaria cases reported. this zone presents great ecological heterogeneity and anopheles species diversity. however, little is known about the current spatial and temporal distribution of vector species. this study, conducted in three ecologically different localities of the pacific region, aimed to evaluate the composition and distribution of anopheles species and characterize transmission intensity. a total of 4,016 anopheles mosqui ... | 2014 | 25090233 |
| anopheles species composition explains differences in plasmodium transmission in la guajira, northern colombia. | malaria in la guajira, the most northern state of colombia, shows two different epidemiological patterns. malaria is endemic in the municipality of dibulla whereas in riohacha it is characterised by sporadic outbreaks. this study aimed to establish whether differences in transmission patterns could be attributed to different vector species. the most abundant adult female species were anopheles aquasalis, exclusive to riohacha, and anopheles darlingi, restricted to dibulla. anopheles mosquitoes w ... | 0 | 25411002 |
| investigation of a sudden malaria outbreak in the isolated amazonian village of saul, french guiana, january-april 2009. | malaria is endemic in french guiana. plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax are the predominant species responsible and anopheles darlingi is described as the major vector. in mid-august 2008, an increase in malaria incidence was observed in saül. a retrospective cohort survey was performed. in vitro susceptibility profiles to antimalarials were determined on p. falciparum isolates. collections of mosquitoes were organized. the malaria attack rate reached 70.6/100. the risk of malaria increa ... | 0 | 22492141 |
| hyperendemic malaria transmission in areas of occupation-related travel in the peruvian amazon. | plasmodium vivax and plasmodium falciparum cause a significant illness burden in peru. anopheline indices for populated communities in the peri-iquitos region of loreto have been reported to be remarkably low, with entomological inoculation rates (eir) estimated at one to 30 infective bites per year based on a few studies in close proximity to the urban centre of iquitos and surrounding deforested areas. local reports suggest that a large number of the reported cases are contracted outside of po ... | 2013 | 23724869 |
| integrated vector management targeting anopheles darlingi populations decreases malaria incidence in an unstable transmission area, in the rural brazilian amazon. | studies on vector behaviour should be conducted in order to evaluate the effectiveness of vector control measures on malaria protection in endemic areas of latin america, where p. vivax predominates. this work aims to investigate the fauna of anopheline mosquitoes and verify the impact of integrated vector management in two colonization projects in the careiro municipality, western brazilian amazon. | 2012 | 23088224 |
| epidemiological and entomological studies of a malaria outbreak among french armed forces deployed at illegal gold mining sites reveal new aspects of the disease's transmission in french guiana. | in december 2010, a plasmodium vivax malaria outbreak occurred among french forces involved in a mission to control illegal gold mining in french guiana. the findings of epidemiological and entomological investigations conducted after this outbreak are presented here. | 2016 | 26801629 |
| nightly biting cycles of malaria vectors in a heterogeneous transmission area of eastern amazonian brazil. | the biting cycle of anopheline mosquitoes is an important component in the transmission of malaria. inter- and intraspecific biting patterns of anophelines have been investigated using the number of mosquitoes caught over time to compare general tendencies in host-seeking activity and cumulative catch. in this study, all-night biting catch data from 32 consecutive months of collections in three riverine villages were used to compare biting cycles of the five most abundant vector species using co ... | 2013 | 23890413 |
| a sensitive, specific and reproducible real-time polymerase chain reaction method for detection of plasmodium vivax and plasmodium falciparum infection in field-collected anophelines. | we describe a simple method for detection of plasmodium vivax and plasmodium falciparum infection in anophelines using a triplex taqman real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay (18s rrna). we tested the assay on anopheles darlingi and anopheles stephensi colony mosquitoes fed with plasmodium-infected blood meals and in duplicate on field collected an. darlingi. we compared the real-time pcr results of colony-infected and field collected an. darlingi, separately, to a conventional pcr meth ... | 2015 | 26061150 |
| collapse of anopheles darlingi populations in suriname after introduction of insecticide-treated nets (itns); malaria down to near elimination level. | a longitudinal study of malaria vectors was carried out in three villages in suriname between 2006 and 2010. during 13,392 man hours of collections, 3,180 mosquitoes were collected, of which 33.7% were anophelines. of these, anopheles darlingi accounted for 88.1%, and an. nuneztovari accounted for 11.1%. the highest mean an. darlingi human biting rate (hbr) observed per survey was 1.43 bites/man per hour outdoor and 1.09 bites/man per hour indoor; 2 an. darlingi of the 683 tested were infected w ... | 0 | 22492150 |
| malaria vectors in south america: current and future scenarios. | malaria remains a significant public health issue in south america. future climate change may influence the distribution of the disease, which is dependent on the distribution of those anopheles mosquitoes competent to transmit plasmodium falciparum. herein, predictive niche models of the habitat suitability for p. falciparum, the current primary vector anopheles darlingi and nine other known and/or potential vector species of the neotropical albitarsis complex, were used to document the current ... | 2015 | 26283539 |
| genome mining offers a new starting point for parasitology research. | parasites including helminthes, protozoa, and medical arthropod vectors are a major cause of global infectious diseases, affecting one-sixth of the world's population, which are responsible for enormous levels of morbidity and mortality important and remain impediments to economic development especially in tropical countries. prevalent drug resistance, lack of highly effective and practical vaccines, as well as specific and sensitive diagnostic markers are proving to be challenging problems in p ... | 2015 | 25563615 |
| incrimination of anopheles (anopheles) intermedius peryassú, an. (nyssorhynchus) nuneztovari gabaldón, an. (nys.) oswaldoi peryassú as natural vectors of plasmodium falciparum in french guiana. | anopheles darlingi root is the major vector of human malaria in the neotropics and has been considered to be the sole malaria vector in french guiana. the presence of other potential vectors suggests that malaria may be transmitted by other species under certain conditions. from 2006-2011, all anopheline specimens collected from 11 localities were assayed to determine if the plasmodium circumsporozoite protein was present. in addition to an. darlingi, we found anopheles oswaldoi, anopheles inter ... | 2012 | 22510842 |
| risk of daytime transmission of malaria in the french guiana rain forest. | between 2008 and 2014, there were 1070 malaria cases reported in french guiana among members of the armed forces. most of the malaria outbreaks investigated were multifactorial and followed missions conducted at illegal gold mining sites. for example, a malaria outbreak occurred in september 2013, three weeks after the deployment of 15 soldiers at dagobert, which is such a site. the attack rate was 53%, with seven plasmodium vivax infections and one coinfection with both plasmodium vivax and pla ... | 2017 | 28406404 |