| morphologic variants of anopheles albimanus and susceptibility to plasmodium vivax and p. falciparum. | three morphologically different, true-breeding phenotypes have been isolated from a strain of anopheles albimanus from lake apastepeque, el salvador. studies with coindigenous strains of plasmodium vivax and p. falciparum show that these phenotypes differ significantly in their susceptibility to malaria parasites. this difference is apparent both in the number of mosquitoes that become infected and the level of infection obtained. variations in malaria susceptibility are markedly greater with p. ... | 1977 | 329696 |
| plasmodium vivax transmitted from man to monkey to man. | blood forms of human vivax malaria infected splenectomized night monkeys (aotus trivirgatus). anopheles albimanus mosquitoes transmitted the in fection from a monkey to two human volunteers; parasites and symptoms ap peared 11 days later. blood forms of vivax malaria from each of the two humans infected other night monkeys. | 1966 | 4958354 |
| plasmodium vivax sporozoite rates from anopheles albimanus in southern chiapas, mexico. | anopheles albimanus mosquitoes were collected from august 1984 to november 1987 on intra- and peridomicile human bait in rancheria el gancho, chiapas, mexico. the mosquitoes were desiccated and stored in silicon chambers from 3 mo to 3 yr post-collection prior to being assayed using a direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect plasmodium vivax predominant-type sporozoite protein. peridomicile-collected mosquitoes had a 10-fold higher sporozoite rate than those collected indoors, but only ... | 1994 | 8195955 |
| different prevalences of plasmodium vivax phenotypes vk210 and vk247 associated with the distribution of anopheles albimanus and anopheles pseudopunctipennis in mexico. | the geographic distribution of plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite protein phenotypes from patient blood used to infect colonized anopheles albimanus and an. pseudopunctipennis was investigated in southern mexico. parasite phenotype types were determined in blood samples by a polymerase chain reaction and oligoprobe hybridization or by immunofluorescent assay of sporozoites. the proportion of infected mosquitoes and the number of oocysts per mosquito confirmed previous in vitro observations indica ... | 2000 | 10761736 |
| geographic subdivision of the range of the malaria parasite plasmodium vivax. | we examined geographically distinct isolates of plasmodium vivax and categorized them according to developmental success in anopheles albimanus. we found that parasites from central america and colombia form a group distinct from those of asia. new world isolates have a distinct chromosomal translocation and an episomal variation in the open reading frame (orf) 470 dna sequence that distinguishes them from the other isolates tested. old world types of p. vivax were introduced into the americas, ... | 2001 | 11266292 |
| bacteria in midguts of field-collected anopheles albimanus block plasmodium vivax sporogonic development. | bacterial infections were investigated in midguts of insectary and field-collected anopheles albimanus weidemann from southern mexico. serratia marcescens, enterobacter cloacae and enterobacter amnigenus 2, enterobacter sp., and serratia sp. were isolated in field samples obtained in 1998, but only enterobacter sp. was recovered in field samples of 1997 and no bacteria were isolated from insectary specimens. these bacteria were offered along with plasmodium vivax infected blood to aseptic insect ... | 2003 | 12943119 |
| prevention of sporogony of plasmodium vivax in anopheles albimanus by steroids of solanum nudum dunal (solanaceae). | the sporontocidal activity of three steroids (sn-1, sn-2 and sn-4) from solanum nudum dunal (solanaceae) was determined against naturally circulating isolates of plasmodium vivax in anopheles albimanus. laboratory-reared anopheles albimanus mosquitoes were infected with p. vivax from gametocytemic blood of volunteers resident in buenaventura, valle del cauca (colombian pacific coast) by using an artificial membrane feeder. prior to mosquito feeding, gametocytemic blood was centrifuged, plasma wa ... | 2006 | 16619357 |
| cellular-mediated reactions to foreign organisms inoculated into the hemocoel of anopheles albimanus (diptera: culicidae). | the immune response against different organisms and particles inoculated in the hemocoel of female anopheles albimanus wiedemann was investigated. histological and ultrastructural observations indicated that melanization and hemocyte type participation varied according to the particles inoculated. the initial responses against heat-killed microccocus lysodeikticus and escherichia coli included hemocyte lysis and melanization whereas the response to heat-killed saccharomyces cerevisiae was only c ... | 2002 | 11931273 |
| plasmodium vivax malaria vaccine development. | plasmodium vivax represents the most widespread malaria parasite worldwide. although it does not result in as high a mortality rate as p. falciparum, it inflicts debilitating morbidity and consequent economic impact in endemic communities. in addition, the relapsing behavior of this malaria parasite and the recent resistance to anti-malarials contribute to making its control more difficult. although the biology of p. vivax is different from that of p. falciparum and the human immune response to ... | 2001 | 11741694 |
| plasmodium vivax: ookinete destruction and oocyst development arrest are responsible for anopheles albimanus resistance to circumsporozoite phenotype vk247 parasites. | anopheles albimanus and an. pseudopunctipennis differ in their susceptibilities to plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite phenotypes. an. pseudopunctipennis is susceptible to phenotype vk247 but almost refractory to vk210. in contrast, an. albimanus is almost refractory to vk247 but susceptible to vk210. to investigate the site in the mosquito and the parasite stage at which resistance mechanisms affect vk247 development in an. albimanus, parasite development was followed in a series of experiments i ... | 2001 | 11527438 |
| variants of the plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite protein (vk210 and vk247) in colombian isolates. | phenotypic diversity has been described in the central repeated region of the circumsporozoite protein (csp) from plasmodium vivax. two sequences vk210 (common) and vk247 (variant) have been found widely distributed in p. vivax isolates from several malaria endemic areas around the world. a third protein variant called p. vivax-like showing a sequence similar to the simian parasite p. simioovale has also been described. here, using an immunofluorescent test and specific monoclonal antibodies, we ... | 2001 | 11500776 |
| plasmodium vivax polymorphs and plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite proteins in anopheles (diptera: culicidae) from belize, central america. | eight species of anopheles mosquitoes from indoor/outdoor human landing collections in belize, central america, were examined for human plasmodium circumsporozoite protein (csp) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). a total of 14 of 9,104 females tested were positive from general surveys throughout belize and three of 11,966 were positive from a longitudinal study in caledonia, northern belize. elisa results, using pooled head-thorax preparations and species-specific monoclonal ant ... | 2000 | 11217218 |
| insecticide-treated materials for malaria control in latin america: to use or not to use? | studies on the protective efficacy of insecticide-treated materials (itms) in plasmodium vivax endemic areas of latin america have not yielded sufficient evidence for recommendation of their extensive use in the region. therefore 2 randomized community trials have been conducted on the pacific coast of nicaragua which analysed the minimum coverage of itms needed to be effective against malaria. for the characterization of the study area, epidemiological and entomological baseline surveys and hou ... | 1999 | 10717733 |
| differential susceptibilities of anopheles albimanus and anopheles pseudopunctipennis to infections with coindigenous plasmodium vivax variants vk210 and vk247 in southern mexico. | the susceptibilities to coindigenous plasmodium vivax of colonized anopheles albimanus and anopheles pseudopunctipennis from southern mexico were investigated by simultaneous feeding with infected blood obtained from patients. the genes encoding circumsporozoite protein variant types (vk210 and vk247) in blood samples were determined by pcr and oligonucleotide probe hybridization. a. albimanus was more susceptible to vk210, and a. pseudopunctipennis was more susceptible to vk247. | 1999 | 9864243 |
| anopheles species composition explains differences in plasmodium transmission in la guajira, northern colombia. | malaria in la guajira, the most northern state of colombia, shows two different epidemiological patterns. malaria is endemic in the municipality of dibulla whereas in riohacha it is characterised by sporadic outbreaks. this study aimed to establish whether differences in transmission patterns could be attributed to different vector species. the most abundant adult female species were anopheles aquasalis, exclusive to riohacha, and anopheles darlingi, restricted to dibulla. anopheles mosquitoes w ... | 0 | 25411002 |
| acquired transmission-blocking immunity to plasmodium vivax in a population of southern coastal mexico. | naturally acquired transmission-blocking immunity to plasmodium vivax was studied in three groups of patients from the southern coast of mexico: primary cases (group a, 61% of the study population), secondary cases with the prior infection seven or more months earlier (group b, 23%), and secondary cases with the previous malaria experience within six months of the present study (group c, 16%). anopheles albimanus mosquitoes were fed with patients' infected blood cells in the presence of autologo ... | 1996 | 8644898 |
| characterization of a recent malaria outbreak in the autonomous indigenous region of guna yala, panama. | this study aims to describe the epidemiological and entomological factors associated with a recent malaria outbreak that occurred in 2012 in a socially marginalized population from guna yala comarca in panama. | 2015 | 26578076 |
| effects of transmission-blocking immunity on plasmodium vivax infections in anopheles albimanus populations. | two colonized populations of anopheles albimanus isolated from the suchiate region, chiapas state, mexico, were compared for their susceptibility to coindigenous plasmodium vivax. groups of mosquitoes were fed in vitro with either autologous donor blood or the same blood cells substituted with serum negative for anti-gametocyte antibody. significant differences in susceptibility between the 2 colonies were encountered if the autologous blood from a patient was fed to mosquitoes: mean infection r ... | 1994 | 8308663 |
| susceptibility of three laboratory strains of anopheles albimanus (diptera: culicidae) to coindigenous plasmodium vivax in southern mexico. | three morphologically different pupal phenotypes (green, striped, brown) were selected from a parent strain of anopheles albimanus wiedemann collected from the suchiate region in the state of chiapas, mexico. significant differences in susceptibility to coindigenous plasmodium vivax grassi & feletti were observed when striped was compared with the parent colony as well as with brown and with green phenotypes. differences in susceptibility were not significant between the other phenotypes and the ... | 1994 | 8057314 |
| development of sporogonic cycle of plasmodium vivax in experimentally infected anopheles albimanus mosquitoes. | the sporogonic cycle of plasmodium vivax was established and maintained under laboratory conditions in two different strains of anopheles albimanus mosquitoes using as a parasite source blood from human patients or from aotus monkeys infected with the vcc-2 p.vivax colombian isolate. both the tecojate strain isolate from guatemala and the cartagena strain from the colombian pacific coast were susceptible to infections with p.vivax. a higher percentage of cartagena mosquitoes was infected per tri ... | 1994 | 7565121 |
| studies on the west pakistan strain of plasmodium vivax in aotus monkeys and anopheline mosquitoes. | the west pakistan strain of plasmodium vivax was established in 17 aotus trivirgatus griseimembra monkeys. parasitemias were moderate. prior experience of the animals with p. falciparum and a heterologous strain of p. vivax resulted in a marked reduction in parasitemias, but maintenance of mosquito infectivity similar to that of animals with no prior malaria. comparative infectivity studies indicated that this strain in aotus monkeys was most infective to anopheles freeborni mosquitoes followed ... | 1980 | 7007600 |
| infectivity of two strains of plasmodium vivax to anopheles albitarsis mosquitoes from colombia. | anopheles albitarsis obtained from villavicencio, colombia, were colonized in the laboratory using force-mating techniques. laboratory reared mosquitoes were allowed to feed on aotus monkeys infected with the salvador ii or the rio meta strains of plasmodium vivax from el salvador and colombia, respectively. in comparison with other species, the an. albitarsis were less susceptible than anopheles freeborni, anopheles culicifacies and strains of anopheles albimanus from el salvador, panama and co ... | 1985 | 3912483 |
| field evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for estimating the sporozoite rate in anopheles albimanus. | we have verified for specimens of anopheles albimanus that an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) used to assess plasmodium vivax and p. falciparum sporozoite antigen rates gives results comparable to the salivary gland dissection method for estimating sporozoite rates. for 14,150 adults of an. albimanus, captured at five locations in guatemala, we report sporozoite antigen rates of 0.03-0.57%, which correlate with the malaria prevalences at the study sites. we also present data that sugge ... | 1992 | 1443346 |
| studies on human malaria in aotus monkey. vii. comparative infectivity of two strains of plasmodium vivax to to anopheles freeborni, a. maculatus, and for strains of a. albimanus. | a strain of plasmodium vivax from el salvador was shown to be more infectious to the apastepeque strain of anopheles albimanus from el salvador than was a strain of p. vivax from colombia, s. a. the apastepeque mosquito strain was also more susceptible to the savadoran strain of p. vivax than were 2 other strains of this mosquito from el salvador. a strain of a. albimanus from panama was more susceptible to both of the parasite than were any of the salvadoran strains of a. albimanus. | 1976 | 817008 |
| species composition and natural infectivity of anthropophilic anopheles (diptera: culicidae) in the states of córdoba and antioquia, northwestern colombia. | malaria is a serious health problem in the states of córdoba and antioquia, northwestern colombia, where 64.4% of total colombian cases were reported in 2007. because little entomological information is available in this region, the aim of this work was to identify the anopheles species composition and natural infectivity of mosquitoes distributed in seven localities with highest malaria transmission. a total of 1,768 anopheles mosquitoes were collected using human landing catches from march 200 ... | 2009 | 20140372 |
| successful sporozoite challenge model in human volunteers with plasmodium vivax strain derived from human donors. | successful establishment of a plasmodium vivax sporozoite challenge model in humans is described. eighteen healthy adult, malaria-naïve volunteers were randomly allocated to groups a-c and exposed to 3 +/- 1, 6 +/- 1, and 9 +/- 1 bites of anopheles albimanus mosquitoes infected with p. vivax, respectively. seventeen volunteers developed signs and symptoms consistent with malaria, and geometric mean prepatent periods of 11.1 days (9.3-11) for group a; 10.8 days (9.8-11.9) for group b; and 10.6 da ... | 2009 | 19861603 |
| natural infectivity of anopheles species from the pacific and atlantic regions of colombia. | malaria is an important public health problem in colombia. among the major vectors in colombia, anopheles albimanus is recognized for its importance on the pacific coast where it is the predominant species; it is also found in the atlantic coast, although its vectorial role in this region is not clear. we examined the occurrence of an. albimanus in four localities of the pacific and three of the atlantic coast. morphological identification of problematic specimens was confirmed by a molecular as ... | 2008 | 18554564 |
| local adaptation and vector-mediated population structure in plasmodium vivax malaria. | plasmodium vivax in southern mexico exhibits different infectivities to 2 local mosquito vectors, anopheles pseudopunctipennis and anopheles albimanus. previous work has tied these differences in mosquito infectivity to variation in the central repeat motif of the malaria parasite's circumsporozoite (csp) gene, but subsequent studies have questioned this view. here we present evidence that p. vivax in southern mexico comprised 3 genetic populations whose distributions largely mirror those of the ... | 2008 | 18385220 |
| effects of anticoagulants on plasmodium vivax oocyst development in anopheles albimanus mosquitoes. | artificial membrane feeding (amf) assays are used to determine malaria transmission-blocking activity in anopheles. the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the most widely used anticoagulants, edta and heparin, on development of the plasmodium vivax sporogonic cycle. blood samples collected from 60 patients carrying p. vivax infections were used to feed an. albimanus using amf. seven days after feeding, mosquitoes were dissected to assess mosquito infection. mosquitoes fed with ... | 2007 | 17690393 |
| the surface protein pvs25 of plasmodium vivax ookinetes interacts with calreticulin on the midgut apical surface of the malaria vector anopheles albimanus. | malaria parasite transmission-blocking control strategies within the mosquito vector require an adequate understanding of the parasite mosquito interaction at the molecular level. the ookinete p25-p28 surface proteins are required for the transition from ookinete to oocyst in the mosquito midgut; however, their respective molecular interactions in the mosquito are largely unknown. we used recombinant pvs25 and pvs28 as probes for identification of potential anopheles albimanus midgut ligands. a ... | 2007 | 17442413 |
| effect of solanum nudum dunal (solanaceae) steroids on hepatic trophozoites of plasmodium vivax. | steroids isolated from the plant solanum nudum showed antiplasmodial activity against the blood stages of plasmodium falciparum. it has been demonstrated that these steroids are neither mutagenic in vitro nor clastogenic in vivo. this study evaluated the effect of five steroids of s. nudum (sn-1, sn-2, sn-3, sn-4 and sn-5) on hepatic trophozoites of p. vivax, using an experimental design, non-balanced, with blind determination of the effect expressed as the percentage reduction of hepatic tropho ... | 2006 | 16557608 |
| plasmodium vivax: transmission-blocking immunity in a malaria-endemic area of colombia. | plasmodium vivax transmission-blocking activity was assessed in sera from acutely infected patients from a malaria-endemic area in colombia. we measured reduction in the number of oocysts that developed in the midguts of anopheles albimanus mosquitoes artificially fed with blood from these patients. of 88 mosquito batches that developed infections when parasites were mixed with normal ab human serum, one-third (36.4%) showed full transmission-blocking activity (>or= 90% inhibition) when mixed wi ... | 2005 | 16291765 |
| induction of transmission-blocking immunity in aotus monkeys by vaccination with a plasmodium vivax clinical grade pvs25 recombinant protein. | aotus monkeys were used to determine the immunogenicity of pvs25 protein expressed in the zygote/ookinete surface. animals were immunized in three times with 100 microg of pvs25 formulated in montanide isa-720. antibodies to pvs25 detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay appeared by day 30 after the first immunization, with a peak of antibodies levels on day 150. these antibodies were still detectable on day 300. plasma samples on day 150 from experimental group were able to completely b ... | 2005 | 16291764 |
| susceptibility of three laboratory strains of anopheles albimanus (diptera: culicidae) to coindigenous plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite protein phenotypes in southern mexico. | the susceptibility to two coindigenous plasmodium vivax grassi & feletti phenotypes vk210 and vk247 of three colonized anopheles albimanus wiedemann strains (white-striped, green and brown) from southern mexico was investigated. mosquitoes of the three strains were simultaneously fed with p. vivax-infected patient blood and examined 1 wk later for the presence of oocysts. the circumsporozoite protein phenotype type (vk210 and vk247) was determined by immunoflorescence of salivary gland sporozoit ... | 2000 | 15535573 |
| sequence variation of ookinete surface proteins pvs25 and pvs28 of plasmodium vivax isolates from southern mexico and their association to local anophelines infectivity. | the polymorphism of pvs25 and pvs28 ookinete surface proteins, their association to circumsporozoite protein repeat (cspr) genotypes (vk210 and vk247) and their infectivity to local anopheles albimanus and anopheles pseudopunctipennis were investigated in plasmodium vivax-infected blood samples obtained from patients in southern mexico. the pvs25 and pvs28 complete genes were amplified, cloned and sequenced; and the cspr genotype was determined by pcr amplification and hybridization. the amino a ... | 2010 | 20363376 |
| consistent safety and infectivity in sporozoite challenge model of plasmodium vivax in malaria-naive human volunteers. | a safe and reproducible plasmodium vivax infectious challenge method is required to evaluate the efficacy of malaria vaccine candidates. seventeen healthy duffy (+) and five duffy (-) subjects were randomly allocated into three (a-c) groups and were exposed to the bites of 2-4 anopheles albimanus mosquitoes infected with plasmodium vivax derived from three donors. duffy (-) subjects were included as controls for each group. clinical manifestations of malaria and parasitemia were monitored beginn ... | 2011 | 21292872 |
| plasmodium vivax sporozoite production in anopheles albimanus mosquitoes for vaccine clinical trials. | vaccine development for plasmodium vivax malaria is underway. a model to assess the protective efficacy of vaccine candidates in humans is urgently needed. given the lack of continuous p. vivax cultures, we developed a system to infect anopheles albimanus mosquitoes using blood from p. vivax-infected patients and determined parameters for challenge of malaria-naive volunteers by mosquito bite. absence of co-infections in parasitized blood was confirmed by tests consistent with blood bank screeni ... | 2011 | 21292875 |
| characterization of plasmodium vivax transmission-blocking activity in low to moderate malaria transmission settings of the colombian pacific coast. | malaria infection induces antibodies capable of suppressing the infectivity of gametocytes and gametes, however, little is known about the duration of the antibody response, the parasite specificity, and the role of complement. we report the analyses of the transmission-blocking (tb) activity of sera collected from 105 plasmodium vivax-infected and 44 non-infected individuals from a malaria endemic region of colombia, using a membrane feeding assay in anopheles albimanus mosquitoes. in infected ... | 2011 | 21292881 |
| [characterization of plasmodium vivax malaria transmission at the border of panamá and costa rica]. | few studies have described the factors associated with plasmodium vivax transmission dynamics in endemic regions from panamá. | 2012 | 23715231 |
| anthropophilic biting behaviour of anopheles (kerteszia) neivai howard, dyar & knab associated with fishermen's activities in a malaria-endemic area in the colombian pacific. | on the southwest pacific coast of colombia, a field study was initiated to determine the human-vector association between anopheles (kerteszia) neivai and fishermen, including their nearby houses. mosquitoes were collected over 24-h periods from mangrove swamps, marshlands and fishing vessels in three locations, as well as in and around the houses of fishermen. a total of 6,382 mosquitoes were collected. an. neivai was most abundant in mangroves and fishing canoes (90.8%), while anopheles albima ... | 0 | 24402159 |
| human biting activity, spatial-temporal distribution and malaria vector role of anopheles calderoni in the southwest of colombia. | anopheles calderoni was first recognized in colombia in 2010 as this species had been misidentified as anopheles punctimacula due to morphological similarities. an. calderoni is considered a malaria vector in peru and has been found naturally infected with plasmodium falciparum in colombia. however, its biting behaviour, population dynamics and epidemiological importance have not been well described for colombia. | 2015 | 26104785 |
| a bioinformatics approach for integrated transcriptomic and proteomic comparative analyses of model and non-sequenced anopheline vectors of human malaria parasites. | malaria morbidity and mortality caused by both plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax extend well beyond the african continent, and although p. vivax causes between 80 and 300 million severe cases each year, vivax transmission remains poorly understood. plasmodium parasites are transmitted by anopheles mosquitoes, and the critical site of interaction between parasite and host is at the mosquito's luminal midgut brush border. although the genome of the "model" african p. falciparum vector, an ... | 2012 | 23082028 |
| optimization of a membrane feeding assay for plasmodium vivax infection in anopheles albimanus. | individuals exposed to malaria infections for a long time develop immune responses capable of blocking plasmodium transmission to mosquito vectors, potentially limiting parasite spreading in nature. development of a malaria tb vaccine requires a better understanding of the mechanisms and main effectors responsible for transmission blocking (tb) responses. the lack of an in vitro culture system for plasmodium vivax has been an important drawback for development of a standardized method to assess ... | 2016 | 27355210 |
| antimicrobial properties of anopheles albimanus pericardial cells. | insect pericardial cells (pcs) are strategically located along the dorsal vessel where they encounter a high hemolymph flow enabling them to undertake their osmoregulatory, detoxifying, and scavenging functions. in this location, pcs also encounter foreign molecules and microorganisms. the response of pcs of the mosquito anopheles albimanus, one of the most important plasmodium vivax vectors in mexico and latin america, to saccharomyces cerevisiae was analyzed by using biochemical, cellular, ult ... | 2012 | 23229355 |