| infective larvae of brugia: escape from mosquitoes into water and subsequent oral infectivity in jirds. | published work showed that third-stage larvae (l-3s) escape into water from dead or dying, brugia pahangi-infected, aedes aegypti. the present study revealed the same escape phenomenon among b. pahangi-infected armigeres subalbatus, anopheles quadrimaculatus, and aedes togoi, and among brugia malayi-infected ae. aegypti and ae. togoi. l-3s maintained in water or in lum's solution for 3 hours retained infectivity when tested in orally or subcutaneously exposed jirds; furthermore, l-3s recovered f ... | 1976 | 8999 |
| development of the timor filaria in aedes togoi: preliminary observations. | developmental stages of the timor filaria recovered from experimentally infected aedes togoi mosquitoes are described. mosquitoes were dissected and examined for larvae beginning 1 1/2 days and continuing daily for 9 days after they had fed on a carrier on the island of flores, indonesia. timor microfilariae develop rapidly to third-stage larvae within the thoracic muscles of a. togoi: the first molt occurs at 3 1/2 days, the second molt as early as 5 1/2 days, and infective forms are found at 6 ... | 1976 | 12255 |
| mastomys natalensis as an experimental host for brugia malaye subperiodic. | infective larvae of brugia malayi subperiodic obtained by dissection of infected aedes togoi were injected subcutaneously into the scrotal region of mastomys natalensis. from altogether 58 infected male m. natalensis 81% showed consistently or intermittently detectable microfilaraemia, whereas in 19% of the animals no microfilaraemia could be detected at any stage. the mean prepatent period was 136 days; the microfilarial density varied from 1 to 535 per 20 c. mm blood. in those animlas with con ... | 1975 | 1221502 |
| factors affecting transmission of wuchereria bancrofti by anopheline mosquitoes. 4. facilitation, limitation, proportionality and their epidemiological significance. | quantitative understanding of the transmission dynamics of lymphatic filarial parasites is essential for the rational planning of control strategies. one of the most important determinants of transmission dynamics is the relationship between parasite yield, the success rate of ingested microfilariae (mf) becoming infective larvae in a mosquito vector, and mf density in the source of the human blood meal. three types of relationship have been recognized in human filaria/mosquito couples--limitati ... | 1992 | 1475823 |
| survival and infectivity of brugia malayi microfilariae after cryopreservation. | methods were studied for the cryopreservation of microfilariae of periodic brugia malayi. rpmi-1640 tissue culture medium containing 6% dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) and 15% newborn calf serum was used as cryoprotectant. samples were frozen slowly in the vapor phase of liquid nitrogen prior to emersion in liquid nitrogen (-196 degrees c). the freezing rate was -0.5 to -1.0 degrees c per minute, microfilariae remained viable for as long as, 212 and 375 days, survival rates were 94 to 98% and they wer ... | 1991 | 1948273 |
| [cryopreservation of microfilariae and third-stage larvae of brugia malayi and subsequent development in the hosts]. | methods are studied for the cryopreservation of microfilariae (mf) and third-stage larvae (l3) of periodic brugia malayi. rpmi-1640 tissue culture medium containing 6% dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) and 15% newborn calf serum were used as cryoprotectant. the larvae survived best when specimens were frozen at the rate of -0.5 degrees c to -1.0 degrees c per minute using the vapor phase of liquid nitrogen, when the temperature reached -70 degrees c to -90 degrees c the specimens were placed directly in ... | 1989 | 2766500 |
| brugian filariasis: 10-year follow-up study on the effectiveness of selective chemotherapy with diethylcarbamazine on che ju island, republic of korea. | the results of a 10-year follow-up of brugia malayi microfilarial (mf) carrier rates in seven villages on che ju island and adjacent islets are reported; four villages initially received large-scale selective treatment with diethylcarbamazine (dec) and three served as untreated controls. some 90% of the total population took part in the pre-treatment blood survey and 82% of the detected mf carriers completed a course of treatment with 72 mg dec per kg body weight over a period of 24 days.in the ... | 1987 | 3495367 |
| studies on the transmission of sub-periodic brugia malayi by aedes (finlaya) togoi in the laboratory. i. the intake and migration of microfilariae. | | 1967 | 4231979 |
| studies on the transmission of sub-periodic brugia malayi by aedes (finlaya) togoi in the laboratory. ii. the development of the parasite to the infective form; the relationship between concentration of microfilariae in the vertebrate host and infection in the mosquitoes. | | 1968 | 4234356 |
| studies on the transmission of sub-periodic brugia malayi by aedes (finlaya) togoi in the laboratory. 3. the survival of infected mosquitoes under laboratory conditions. | | 1968 | 4235597 |
| the fate and migratory patterns of the infective larvae of brugia malayi, dirofilaria immitis and breinlia sergenti in aedes togoi denied access to a host. | | 1974 | 4455926 |
| superinfection of aedes togoi with brugia malayi. | | 1973 | 4707759 |
| the effects of x-irradiation and antibiotics on the susceptibility of aedes togoi and a. aegypti to subperiodic brugia malayi and b. pahangi. | | 1969 | 4984760 |
| infectivity of brugia malayi larvae recovered from aedes togoi mosquitoes at various times after a single blood meal. | | 1971 | 5153594 |
| preliminary observations on the development of larval filariae in toxorhynchites species. | brugia malayi and b. pahangi microfilariae from gerbil intraperitoneal infections were inoculated into the thorax of male and female toxorhynchites amboinesis and developed into third-stage larvae as early as 11 days. in a comparative study with aedes togoi fed on microfilaremic gerbils, third-stage larvae were found at 10 days. some third-stage larvae of b. malayi inoculated into gerbils developed to advanced stages. third-stage larvae of wuchereria bancrofti were recovered in low numbers from ... | 1980 | 6101531 |
| studies on the liverpool and malaysian strans of aedes (finlaya) togoi. | comparative studies of vector efficiency were done with the liverpool and malaysian strains of aedes (finlaya) togoi for subperiodic brugia malayi and brugia pahangi. the malaysian strain of a. togoi was found to take in fewer microfilariae under the same experimental conditions than the liverpool strain. also, for various microfilarial densities in the host's peripheral blood, the malaysian strain had less mean infective larvae per fed mosquito than the liverpool strain. the microfilarial intak ... | 1980 | 7221700 |
| reduction in susceptibility to brugia malayi of f2 progeny of aedes togoi treated with ethyl methanesulfonate. | the susceptibility to brugia malayi infection was tested in f2 female progeny derived from male and female aedes togoi treated with ethyl methanesulfonate (ems). three-day-old males and females were treated with 0.025, 0.050, and 0.075, 0.10, 0.15, or 0.20% ems by allowing them to feed for 5 days on sugar cubes containing ems and then mated at random. percentage of susceptibility and mean number of infective larvae (l3) in f2 females were analyzed over a 2-wk period. reductions in susceptibility ... | 1999 | 10612608 |
| autogenous aedes togoi sub-colony (chanthaburi, thailand strain), an efficient laboratory vector in study of filariasis. | comparative filarial susceptibility and biology between stock colony and selectively autogenous aedes. togoi sub-colony were carried out to determine the laboratorial vector-capacity and viability of autogenous sub-colony. the results of susceptibility revealed that the selectively autogenous ae. togoi sub-colony yielded higher susceptibility than the stock colony, ie dirofilaria immitis: susceptibility rates=80.00% [exp1(f8)] and 76.19% [exp2(f17)] (autogenous sub-colony), 53.33% (exp1) and 71. ... | 2000 | 11127320 |
| [studies on filariasis in korea: on the morphology and development of larvae of brugia malayi in aedes togoi] | since senoo and lincicome (1951) first have brought up for attention to the existence of malayan filariasis in korea, several reports on the epidemiological investigations of the disease had already been made by many workers. however it is little known what kind of mosquitoes are involved as the major vectors in main endemic areas. in cheju-do, known as one of main endemic areas in korea, aedes togoi is most likely suspected as an important vector because of their abundant collections and vigoro ... | 1968 | 12913548 |
| [the epidemiological studies on the filariasis in korea: i. filariasis in cheju-do(quelpart island)] | a night blood survey was carried out among inhabitants aged over 1 year from the fifteen villages throughout cheju-do (quelpart island). blood films from 2,139 persons were examined and 183(8.6 %) showed microfilariae, the incidences varying according to geographical sources are from 0.8 to 19.5 per cent. all the microfilariae found in this survey were of the nocturnal periodic brugia malayi. the microfilarial density was 1.9 per cent of blood. the age and sex distributions of microfilaria rate ... | 1965 | 12913587 |
| comparative studies on the biology and filarial susceptibility of selected blood-feeding and autogenous aedes togoi sub-colonies. | blood-feeding and autogenous sub-colonies were selected from a laboratory, stock colony of aedes togoi, which was originally collected from koh nom sao, chanthaburi province, southeast thailand. comparative biology and filarial susceptibility between the two sub-colonies (blood-feeding: f11, f13; autogeny: f38, f40) were investigated to evaluate their viability and vectorial capacity. the results of comparison on biology revealed intraspecific differences, i.e., the average egg deposition/gravid ... | 2003 | 12937758 |
| the epidemiology and treatment of infection due to brugia malayi. | the author reviews the distribution, epidemiology, and treatment of filarial infection due to brugia malayi, with special reference to malaya. b. malayi infection in man is confined to the far east between longitudes 75 degrees e and 140 degrees e and is essentially rural. the chief vectors are mansonia spp., anopheles hyrcanus group, a. barbirostris group, and aëdes togoi. the epidemiological picture is complicated by the fact that b. malayi and other closely related species have now been found ... | 1962 | 20604131 |
| seasonal prevalence of mosquitoes, including vectors of brugian filariasis, in southern islands of the republic of korea. | a survey of mosquitoes, including the vector status of brugia malayi filariasis and their relative larval density, was conducted from 2002 to 2005 at several southern remote islands of jeollanam-do (province), gyeongsangnam-do, and jeju-do, korea, where filariasis was previously endemic. overall, a total of 9 species belonging to 7 genera were collected. ochlerotatus togoi (formerly known as aedes togoi), anopheles (hyrcanus) group, and culex pipiens were the predominant species captured at all ... | 2011 | 21461270 |
| susceptibility of eight species members in the anopheles hyrcanus group to nocturnally subperiodic brugia malayi. | filariasis, caused by brugia malayi, is a public health problem in thailand. currently, at least two locations in southern thailand are reported to be active endemic areas. two and four mansonia species are primary and secondary vectors, respectively, of the nocturnally subperiodic race, whereas, coquillettidia crassipes is a vector of the diurnally subperiodic race. although several anopheles species have been incriminated extensively as natural and/or suspected vectors of b. malayi, little is ... | 2013 | 23289957 |
| susceptibility of five species members of the korean hyrcanus group to brugia malayi, and hybridization between b. malayi-susceptible and -refractory anopheles sinensis strains. | five species members of the korean hyrcanus group: anopheles pullus, anopheles sinensis, anopheles kleini, anopheles belenrae, and anopheles lesteri were tested for susceptibility to brugia malayi. they were allowed to feed artificially on blood containing b. malayi microfilariae and dissected 14 days after feeding. the susceptibility rates were 60%, 65%, 90%, 100% and 100% in an. pullus, an. sinensis, an. kleini, an. belenrae, and an. lesteri, respectively. as determined by levels of susceptibi ... | 2014 | 24974643 |
| development of a facile system for mass production of brugia malayi in a small-space laboratory. | brugia malayi is one of the important lymphatic filarial nematodes that cause elephantiasis and disability in humans in the asian region. mass production at any stage of this nematode in both small laboratory animal hosts and mosquito vectors is still necessary in order to continue various research aspects. this study elucidated on the use of nonblood feeding or the autogenous ochlerotatus togoi (thailand strain) and male mongolian jird (meriones unguiculatus) system. this has brought about a lo ... | 2013 | 23820603 |
| peritrophic matrix formation and brugia malayi microfilaria invasion of the midgut of a susceptible vector, ochlerotatus togoi (diptera: culicidae). | the mosquito midgut is the first site that vector-borne pathogens contact during their multiplication, differentiation, or migration from blood meal to other tissues before transmission. after blood feeding, the mosquitoes synthesize a chitinous structure called peritrophic matrix (pm) that envelops the blood meal and separates the food bolus from the midgut epithelium. in this study, a systematic investigation of the pm formation and the interaction of brugia malayi within the midgut of a susce ... | 2013 | 23529338 |