| screening red foxes (vulpes vulpes) for possible viral causes of encephalitis. | next to various known infectious and non-infectious causes, the aetiology of non-suppurative encephalitis in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) often remains unclear. known causes in foxes imply rabies, canine distemper, toxoplasmosis, aujeszky's disease, as well as parvovirus, adenovirus, circovirus and flavivirus infections. in this study, particular attention was paid on bornaviruses, since red foxes are predators of bicoloured white-toothed shrews, a reservoir of borna disease virus 1 (bodv-1). in ad ... | 2016 | 27590473 |
| change in the responsiveness of interferon-stimulated genes during early pregnancy in cows with borna virus-1 infection. | borna disease virus is a neurotropic pathogen and infects the central nervous system. this virus infected a variety of animal species including cows. the most of cows infected with borna disease virus 1 (bodv-1) exhibit subclinical infection without any neurological symptoms throughout their lifetime. we previously reported on the low conception rates in-seropositive cows. interferon-τ (ifn-τ) plays an important role in stable fertilization, and is produced from the fetal side following embryo g ... | 2016 | 27842550 |
| the pathogenesis of bornaviral diseases in mammals. | natural bornavirus infections and their resulting diseases are largely restricted to horses and sheep in central europe. the disease also occurs naturally in cats, and can be induced experimentally in laboratory rodents and numerous other mammals. borna disease virus-1 (bodv-1), the cause of most cases of mammalian borna disease, is a negative-stranded rna virus that replicates within the nucleus of target cells. it causes severe, often lethal, encephalitis in susceptible species. recent events, ... | 2016 | 27212192 |
| parrot bornavirus-2 and -4 rna detected in wild bird samples in japan are phylogenetically adjacent to those found in pet birds in japan. | bornaviruses (family bornaviridae) are non-segmented negative-strand rna viruses. avian bornaviruses (abvs), which are causative agents of proventricular dilatation disease, are a genetically diverse group with at least 15 genotypes, including parrot bornaviruses (pabvs) and aquatic bird bornavirus 1(abbv-1). borna disease virus 1(bodv-1), which infects mammals and causes neurological diseases, has also been reported to infect avian species, although the numbers of the cases have been markedly f ... | 2015 | 26315330 |
| shedding of infectious borna disease virus-1 in living bicolored white-toothed shrews. | many rna viruses arise from animal reservoirs, namely bats, rodents and insectivores but mechanisms of virus maintenance and transmission still need to be addressed. the bicolored white-toothed shrew (crocidura leucodon) has recently been identified as reservoir of the neurotropic borna disease virus 1 (bodv-1). | 2015 | 26313904 |
| infections of horses and shrews with bornaviruses in upper austria: a novel endemic area of borna disease. | borna disease, a lethal infection with borna disease virus-1 (bodv-1), was diagnosed in four horses from upper austria in 2015 and 2016. all cases occurred in winter (two cases in february 2015 and two cases in december 2016), and the maximal distance of the affected stables was 17 km. to demonstrate whether the causative agent was also harbored by its reservoir host, the bicolored white-toothed shrew (crocidura leucodon), 28 shrews from this geographic area were collected in 2015 and investigat ... | 2017 | 28634359 |
| update on immunopathology of bornavirus infections in humans and animals. | knowledge on bornaviruses has expanded tremendously during the last decade through detection of novel bornaviruses and endogenous bornavirus-like elements in many eukaryote genomes, as well as by confirmation of insectivores as reservoir species for classical borna disease virus 1 (bodv-1). the most intriguing finding was the demonstration of the zoonotic potential of lethal human bornavirus infections caused by a novel bornavirus of different squirrel species (variegated squirrel 1 bornavirus, ... | 2020 | 32711729 |
| borna disease outbreak with high mortality in an alpaca herd in a previously unreported endemic area in germany. | borna disease virus 1 (bodv-1) is the causative agent of borna disease, an often fatal neurologic condition of domestic mammals, including new world camelids, in endemic areas in central europe. recently, bodv-1 gained further attention by the confirmation of fatal zoonotic infections in humans. although borna disease and bodv-1 have been described already over the past decades, comprehensive reports of borna disease outbreaks in domestic animals employing state-of-the-art diagnostic methods are ... | 2020 | 32223069 |
| low prevalence of borna disease virus 1 (bodv-1) igg antibodies in humans from areas endemic for animal borna disease of southern germany. | borna disease virus-1 (bodv-1) was recently discovered as cause of severe and often fatal encephalitis in humans. bodv-1 is known to cause neurological disease in horses and sheep mainly in south and central germany. the virus is maintained in bicolored white-toothed shrews (crocidura leucodon). the incidence of infection and risk factors in humans are completely unresolved. veterinarians may be disproportionally bodv-1-exposed through contact to animals not recognized to be bodv-1 infected. we ... | 2019 | 31882942 |
| first isolation, in-vivo and genomic characterization of zoonotic variegated squirrel bornavirus 1 (vsbv-1) isolates. | the variegated squirrel bornavirus 1 (vsbv-1), a member of the family bornaviridae, was discovered in 2015 in a series of lethal human infections. it was detected in four squirrel breeders and one animal caretaker; four died due to a severe encephalitis. screening approaches revealed kept exotic squirrels as the putative source of infection. infectious virus was successfully isolated by co-cultivation of infected primary squirrel cells with permanent cell lines resulting in three different isola ... | 2020 | 33151793 |
| ictv virus taxonomy profile: bornaviridae. | members of the family bornaviridae produce enveloped virions containing a linear negative-sense non-segmented rna genome of about 9 kb. bornaviruses are found in mammals, birds, reptiles and fish. the most-studied viruses with public health and veterinary impact are borna disease virus 1 and variegated squirrel bornavirus 1, both of which cause fatal encephalitis in humans. several orthobornaviruses cause neurological and intestinal disorders in birds, mostly parrots. endogenous bornavirus-like ... | 2021 | 34227935 |
| active case finding of current bornavirus infections in human encephalitis cases of unknown etiology, germany, 2018-2020. | human bornavirus encephalitis is a severe and often fatal infection caused by variegated squirrel bornavirus 1 (vsbv-1) and borna disease virus 1 (bodv-1). we conducted a prospective study of bornavirus etiology of encephalitis cases in germany during 2018-2020 by using a serologic testing scheme applied along proposed graded case definitions for vsbv-1, bodv-1, and unspecified bornavirus encephalitis. of 103 encephalitis cases of unknown etiology, 4 bornavirus infections were detected serologic ... | 2021 | 33900167 |
| new world camelids are sentinels for the presence of borna disease virus. | borna disease (bd), a frequently fatal neurologic disorder caused by borna disease virus 1 (bodv-1), has been observed for decades in horses, sheep, and other mammals in certain regions of europe. the bicoloured white-toothed shrew (crocidura leucodon) was identified as a persistently infected species involved in virus transmission. recently, bodv-1 attracted attention as a cause of fatal encephalitis in humans. here, we report investigations on bodv-1-infected llamas from a farm in a bd endemic ... | 2021 | 33501762 |