| species-specific pcr to describe local-scale distributions of four cryptic species in the penicillium chrysogenum complex. | penicillium chrysogenum is a ubiquitous airborne fungus detected in every sampled region of the earth. owing to its role in alexander fleming's serendipitous discovery of penicillin in 1928, the fungus has generated widespread scientific interest; however its natural history is not well understood. research has demonstrated speciation within p. chrysogenum, describing the existence of four cryptic species. to discriminate the four species, we developed protocols for species-specific diagnostic p ... | 0 | 24179477 |
| the indoor fungus cladosporium halotolerans survives humidity dynamics markedly better than aspergillus niger and penicillium rubens despite less growth at lowered steady-state water activity. | indoor fungi cause damage in houses and are a potential threat to human health. indoor fungal growth requires water, for which the terms water activity (aw) and relative humidity (rh) are used. the ability of the fungi aspergillus niger, cladosporium halotolerans, and penicillium rubens at different developmental stages to survive changes in aw dynamics was studied. fungi grown on media with high aw were transferred to a controlled environment with low rh and incubated for 1 week. growth of all ... | 2016 | 27316968 |
| diversity and bioprospection of fungal community present in oligotrophic soil of continental antarctica. | we surveyed the diversity and capability of producing bioactive compounds from a cultivable fungal community isolated from oligotrophic soil of continental antarctica. a total of 115 fungal isolates were obtained and identified in 11 taxa of aspergillus, debaryomyces, cladosporium, pseudogymnoascus, penicillium and hypocreales. the fungal community showed low diversity and richness, and high dominance indices. the extracts of aspergillus sydowii, penicillium allii-sativi, penicillium brevicompac ... | 2015 | 25809294 |
| casein phosphopeptides and cacl2 increase penicillin production and cause an increment in microbody/peroxisome proteins in penicillium chrysogenum. | transport of penicillin intermediates and penicillin secretion are still poorly characterized in penicillium chrysogenum (re-identified as penicillium rubens). calcium (ca(2+)) plays an important role in the metabolism of filamentous fungi, and casein phosphopeptides (cpp) are involved in ca(2+) internalization. in this study we observe that the effect of cacl2 and cpp is additive and promotes an increase in penicillin production of up to 10-12 fold. combination of cacl2 and cpp greatly promotes ... | 2017 | 28062375 |
| evolutionary formation of gene clusters by reorganization: the meleagrin/roquefortine paradigm in different fungi. | the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in fungi is catalyzed by enzymes encoded by genes linked in clusters that are frequently co-regulated at the transcriptional level. formation of gene clusters may take place by de novo assembly of genes recruited from other cellular functions, but also novel gene clusters are formed by reorganization of progenitor clusters and are distributed by horizontal gene transfer. this article reviews (i) the published information on the roquefortine/meleagrin/neo ... | 2016 | 26668029 |
| pcfkh1, a novel regulatory factor from the forkhead family, controls the biosynthesis of penicillin in penicillium chrysogenum. | penicillin biosynthesis in penicillium chrysogenum (re-identified as penicillium rubens) is a good example of a biological process subjected to complex global regulatory networks and serves as a model to study fungal secondary metabolism. the winged-helix family of transcription factors recently described, which includes the forkhead type of proteins, is a key type of regulatory proteins involved in this process. in yeasts and humans, forkhead transcription factors are involved in different proc ... | 2015 | 26049046 |
| comments on "screening and identification of novel ochratoxin a-producing fungi from grapes. toxins 2016, 8, 333"-in reporting ochratoxin a production from strains of aspergillus, penicillium and talaromyces. | recently a species in the genus talaromyces, a uniseriate species of aspergillus section nigri and an isolate each of two widespread species, penicillium rubens and p. commune, were reported to produce ochratoxin a. this claim was based on insufficient biological and chemical data. we propose a list of criteria that need to be met before an unexpected mycotoxin producer is reported. there have only been convincing data on ochratoxin a production for penicillium verrucosum, p. nordicum, p. thymic ... | 2017 | 28216564 |
| screening and identification of novel ochratoxin a-producing fungi from grapes. | ochratoxin a (ota) contamination has been established as a world-wide problem. in this study, the strains with the ability of ota production were screened by analyzing the green fluorescence of the isolates colonies from the grapes in zhenjiang with 365 nm uv light and confirmed by hplc with fluorescent detection (hplc-fld). the results showed that seven isolates acquired the characteristic of the fluorescence, of which only five showed the ability of ota production as confirmed by hplc-fld anal ... | 2016 | 27845758 |
| the development of genetic and molecular markers to register and commercialize penicillium rubens (formerly penicillium oxalicum) strain 212 as a biocontrol agent. | penicillium oxalicum strain 212 (po212) is an effective biocontrol agent (bca) against a large number of economically important fungal plant pathogens. for successful registration as a bca in europe, po212 must be accurately identified. in this report, we describe the use of classical genetic and molecular markers to characterize and identify po212 in order to understand its ecological role in the environment or host. we successfully generated pyrimidine (pyr-) auxotrophic mutants. in addition w ... | 2016 | 26467970 |
| cloning and characterization of a pyruvate carboxylase gene from penicillium rubens and overexpression of the genein the yeast yarrowia lipolytica for enhanced citric acid production. | in this study, a pyruvate carboxylase gene (pyc1) from a marine fungus penicillium rubens i607 was cloned and characterized. orf of the gene (accession number: km397349.1) had 3534 bp encoding 1177 amino acids with a molecular weight of 127.531 kda and a pi of 6.20. the promoter of the gene was located at -1200 bp and contained a tataa box, several caat boxes and a sequence 5'-syggrg-3'. the pyc1 deduced from the gene had no signal peptide, was a homotetramer (α4), and had the four functional do ... | 2016 | 26470708 |
| several steps of lateral gene transfer followed by events of 'birth-and-death' evolution shaped a fungal sorbicillinoid biosynthetic gene cluster. | sorbicillinoids are a family of complex cyclic polyketides produced by only a small number of distantly related ascomycete fungi such as trichoderma (sordariomycetes) and penicillium (eurotiomycetes). in t. reesei, they are synthesized by a gene cluster consisting of eight genes including two polyketide synthases (pks). to reconstruct the evolutionary origin of this gene cluster, we examined the occurrence of these eight genes in ascomycetes. | 2016 | 28010735 |
| growth of indoor fungi on gypsum. | to have a better understanding of fungal growth on gypsum building materials to prevent indoor fungal growth. | 2017 | 28489278 |
| draft genome sequence ofpenicillium chrysogenumstrain hkf2, a fungus with potential for production of prebiotic synthesizing enzymes. | in this study, we have characterized a novel set of extracellular enzymes produced bypenicillium chrysogenumstrain hkf2. a draft genome data of 31.5 mbp was generated and annotation suggested a total of 11,243 protein-coding genes out of which 609 were cazymes, majority of which were found to have homology withpenicillium rubens, penicillium chrysogenumfollowed bypenicillium expansumandpenicillium roqueforti. the prominent cazyme genes identified in the draft genome encoded for enzymes involved ... | 2018 | 29430367 |
| conidia of penicillium rubens formed at low water activities can attract more water. | to address the problem of indoor fungal growth, understanding the influence of moisture conditions on the fungal colonization process is crucial. this paper explores the influence of past moisture conditions on current processes. specifically, it studies the growth and water sorption of conidia of penicillium rubens formed at lower water activities (ranging from 0.86 to 0.99). for the first time, dynamic vapor sorption (dvs) is applied as a tool to quantify the water sorption of conidia as a fun ... | 2017 | 28872258 |
| identification and antifungal susceptibility of penicillium-like fungi from clinical samples in the united states. | penicillium species are some of the most common fungi observed worldwide and have an important economic impact as well as being occasional agents of human and animal mycoses. a total of 118 isolates thought to belong to the genus penicillium based on morphological features were obtained from the fungus testing laboratory at the university of texas health science center in san antonio (united states). the isolates were studied phenotypically using standard growth conditions. molecular identificat ... | 2016 | 27280422 |
| a microscopy study of hyphal growth of penicillium rubens on gypsum under dynamic humidity conditions. | to remediate indoor fungal growth, understanding the moisture relations of common indoor fungi is crucial. indoor moisture conditions are commonly quantified by the relative humidity (rh). rh is a major determinant of the availability of water in porous indoor surfaces that fungi grow on. the influence of steady-state rh on growth is well understood. typically, however, the indoor rh constantly changes so that fungi have to endure frequent periods of alternating low and high rh. knowledge of how ... | 2016 | 26996401 |
| separate effects of moisture content and water activity on the hyphal extension of penicillium rubens on porous media. | to prevent indoor fungal growth, understanding the moisture relations of fungi is a key element. indoor moisture is quantified by the relative humidity (rh). rh controls the water activity of the indoor materials that fungi grow on, a well-studied parameter known to limit fungal growth. rh, however, also controls the amount of water present in these materials, the moisture content. the significance of the moisture content of these materials to indoor fungal growth is currently overlooked. in the ... | 2015 | 26248303 |
| production of an extracellular matrix as an isotropic growth phase of penicillium rubens on gypsum. | indoor mold represents an important environmental concern, but a fundamental knowledge of fungal growth stages is needed to limit indoor fungal proliferation on finishing materials used in buildings. the present study focused on the succession of germination stages of the common indoor fungus penicillium rubens on a gypsum substrate. this substrate is used as a model system representing porous materials that are widely used in indoor environments. imaging with cryo-scanning electron microscopy s ... | 2012 | 22843536 |