| light and electron microscopic observations of the life cycle of sarcocystis orientalis sp. n. in the rat (rattus norvegicus) and the malaysian reticulated python (python reticulatus). | a light and electron microscopic study of sarcocystis orientalis sp. n. was made. the life cycle of this parasite is in two hosts. gametogony is in the intestinal epithelial cells of a predator, python reticulatus. isospora-like oocysts developed. sporocysts average 9.1 by 7.7 mum. rats (rattus norvegicus) were infected with sporocysts and asexual stages developed. ten days after infection large zoites (average 7.85 by 2.48 mum) were observed free in peripheral blood and within white blood cells ... | 1975 | 810990 |
| disease patterns in the detroit zoo: a study of reptilian and amphibian populations from 1973 through 1983. | a retrospective study was conducted to determine disease patterns in reptilian and amphibian populations at the detroit zoo from 1973 through 1983. in the reptilian population (mean +/- sd = 285.2 +/- 28), overall annual mortality rates were 1% to 40%. mortality rates were highest in the fall months (20%) and lowest in the winter months (6%). the most frequently affected reptiles were iguana (iguana iguana), reticulated python (python reticulatus), rattlesnakes (crotalus spp), common boa (constr ... | 1985 | 3878352 |
| [the life-history of sarcocystis singaporensis zaman and colley, 1976 in the definitive and intermediate host (author's transl)]. | sporulated oocysts and sporocysts (9.3 x 7.3 micrometer) of sarcocystis singaporensis - isolated from freshly imported snakes (python reticulatus) - were fed to various animals to test their function as suitable intermediate hosts (nmri-mice, albino rats, meriones unguiculatus, golden hamsters, guinea pigs, mastomys natalensis, field-voles [microtus arvalis], pigeons, and chickens). only in rats were muscle-cysts formed. the optimal dose was 150 sporocysts per rat. two generations of merogony co ... | 1980 | 6771934 |
| sarcocystis singaporensis: studies on host specificity, pathogenicity, and potential use as a biocontrol agent of wild rats. | host specificity and pathogenicity of sarcocystis singaporensis were investigated as a prerequisite to a subsequent application of the parasite as a biocontrol agent of wild rats in egypt. after inoculation of 7 snake species comprising the families elapidae, viperidae, colubridae, and boidae with sarcocysts, sporocyst development was only observed in a reticulated python. among amphibians, reptiles, and rodents that orally received various sporocyst doses in the laboratory, 2 x 10(4) sporocysts ... | 1996 | 8604097 |
| isolation of ophidian paramyxovirus type 7 from a reticulated python in the uk. | | 2000 | 11132681 |
| fine structural development of microgamonts of sarcocystis singaporensis in python reticulatus. | three 4-month-old reticulated pythons (python reticulatus), hatched from eggs laid by a newly caught female from singapore island, were fed on muscles of sarcocystis singaporensis-infected rattus rattus caught in singapore. snakes were sacrificed 5, 6 and 8 days later, the infected tissues were studied by transmission electron microscopy. the present communication summarizes findings on microgamont stages. both premature and mature microgamonts were already present in the snake sacrificed 5 days ... | 2000 | 11133107 |
| borrelia sp. phylogenetically different from lyme disease- and relapsing fever-related borrelia spp. in amblyomma varanense from python reticulatus. | species of the genus borrelia are causative agents of lyme disease and relapsing fever. lyme disease is the most commonly reported vector-borne disease in the northern hemisphere. however, in some parts of the world lyme borreliosis and relapsing fever may be caused by novel borrelia genotypes. herein, we report the presence of a borrelia sp. in an amblyomma varanense collected from python reticulatus. | 2016 | 27342652 |
| identification and characterization of two closely related unclassifiable endogenous retroviruses in pythons (python molurus and python curtus). | boid inclusion body disease (bibd) is a fatal disorder of boid snakes that is suspected to be caused by a retrovirus. in order to identify this agent, leukocyte cultures (established from python molurus specimens with symptoms of bibd or kept together with such diseased animals) were assessed for reverse transcriptase (rt) activity. virus from cultures exhibiting high rt activity was banded on sucrose density gradients, and the rt peak fraction was subjected to highly efficient procedures for th ... | 0 | 12097574 |
| novel phospholipase a2 inhibitors from python serum are potent peptide antibiotics. | antimicrobial peptides (amps) play a vital role in defense against resistant bacteria. in this study, eight different amps synthesized from python reticulatus serum protein were tested for bactericidal activity against various gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (staphylococcus aureus, burkholderia pseudomallei (khw and tes strains), and proteus vulgaris) using a disc-diffusion method (20 μg/disc). among the tested peptides, phospholipase a2 inhibitory peptide (pip)-18[59-76], β-asp65-pip[5 ... | 2015 | 25583073 |
| computed tomography of the lung of healthy snakes of the species python regius, boa constrictor, python reticulatus, morelia viridis, epicrates cenchria, and morelia spilota. | thirty-nine healthy boid snakes representing six different species (python regius, boa constrictor, python reticulatus, morelia viridis, epicrates cenchria, and morelia spilota) were examined using computed tomography (ct) to characterize the normal appearance of the respiratory tissue. assessment was done subjectively and densitometry was performed using a defined protocol. the length of the right lung was calculated to be 11.1% of the body length, without a significant difference between speci ... | 2016 | 19788032 |
| an ecological risk assessment of nonnative boas and pythons as potentially invasive species in the united states. | the growing international trade in live wildlife has the potential to result in continuing establishment of nonnative animal populations in the united states. snakes may pose particularly high risks as potentially invasive species, as exemplified by the decimation of guam's vertebrate fauna by the accidentally introduced brown tree snake. herein, ecological and commercial predictors of the likelihood of establishment of invasive populations were used to model risk associated with legal commercia ... | 2005 | 16022706 |
| tectal connections in python reticulatus. | the origins of the axons terminating in the mesencephalic tectum in python reticulatus were examined by unilateral tectal injections of horseradish peroxidase. retrogradely labeled cells were observed bilaterally throughout the spinal cord in all subdivisions of the trigeminal system, with the exception of nucleus principalis, which showed labeled cells only on the ipsilateral side. labeling of the reticular formation occurred bilaterally in nucleus reticularis inferior magnocellularis, nucleus ... | 1983 | 6643732 |
| hunter-gatherers and other primates as prey, predators, and competitors of snakes. | relationships between primates and snakes are of widespread interest from anthropological, psychological, and evolutionary perspectives, but surprisingly, little is known about the dangers that serpents have posed to people with prehistoric lifestyles and nonhuman primates. here, we report ethnographic observations of 120 philippine agta negritos when they were still preliterate hunter-gatherers, among whom 26% of adult males had survived predation attempts by reticulated pythons. six fatal atta ... | 2011 | 22160702 |
| a novel protein from the serum of python sebae, structurally homologous to +¦-phospholipase a2 inhibitor, displays antitumor activity. | cytotoxic and antitumors factors have been documented in the venom of snakes, while little information is available on the identification of cytotoxic products in the snake serum. in this study, we purified and characterized a new cytotoxic factor from serum of the non venomous phyton sebae, endowed with antitumor activity. the serum of the p. sebae, termed pss, exerted a cytotoxic activity and reduced dose dependently the viability of several different tumor cell lines. in a model of human squa ... | 2011 | 21834793 |
| lectin histochemical aspects of mucus function in the oesophagus of the reticulated python (python reticulatus). | using lectin histochemistry, the study characterizes basic functional aspects of the mucus produced by the oesophageal epithelium of the reticulated python (python reticulatus). reaction staining varied as related to the two epithelium types present, containing goblet cells and ciliary cells. remarkable intensities were achieved especially in the luminal mucus layer and the fine mucus covering the epithelial ciliary border for con a (alpha-d-man; alpha-d-glc) as part of neutral glycoproteins, li ... | 2009 | 19476449 |
| secretory phospholipase a2 activity in the normal and kainate injected rat brain, and inhibition by a peptide derived from python serum. | the present study aimed to elucidate spla(2) activity in the normal and kainate-lesioned hippocampus using selective inhibitors of spla(2). in normal rats the highest levels of spla(2) were observed in the hippocampus, pons, and medulla, followed by the cerebral neocortex and caudate nucleus. after intracerebroventricular kainate injections an increase in total pla(2) activity was observed in the rat hippocampus. using a selective spla(2) inhibitor 12-epi-scalaradial, spla(2) activity was found ... | 2003 | 12707747 |
| ultrastructural study of the development of sarcocystis singaporensis sarcocysts in the muscles of its rat host. | laboratory rats fed sporocysts of sarcocystis singaporensis (zaman & colley, 1975) zaman & colley, 1976 originating from singapore were euthanized 22, 23, 33 and 80 days later. sporocysts were extracted from feces of either naturally or laboratory-infected python reticulatus. electron microscopically examined longue and esophageal muscles yielded images of successive developing stages of sarcocysts. the primary wall evolved from a continuous thin layer into folds and later, into villar protrusio ... | 2002 | 12116862 |
| fine structure of sarcocystis singaporensis merogony stages preceding sarcocyst formation in the rat. | the fine structure of merogony stages of sarcocystis singaporensis (zaman and colley, 1975) is described from experimentally infected laboratory rats, 10 days after being fed sporocysts obtained from naturally infected python reticulatus from singapore. infection was shown to consist exclusively of s. singaporensis. parasites developed in the endothelial cells of the lungs, brain, kidney and heart. infection comprised meronts prior to division, dividing and divided meronts, and dispersed merozoi ... | 2002 | 11822741 |
| fine structure of the development of sarcocystis singaporensis in python reticulatus from macrogamont to sporulated oocyst stage. | three, 4-month old reticulated pythons (python reticulatus) hatched from eggs laid by a newly caught female from singapore island, were fed on muscles of sarcocystis singaporensis-infected rattus rattus caught in singapore. snakes were sacrificed five, six and eight days later. the infected tissues were studied by transmission electron microscope. the present communication summarizes findings on macrogamont and oocyst stages. in the premature stages, rough endoplasmic reticulum consolidate into ... | 2000 | 11031755 |
| recombinant antitoxic and antiinflammatory factor from the nonvenomous snake python reticulatus: phospholipase a2 inhibition and venom neutralizing potential. | from the serum of the nonvenomous snake python reticulatus, a new phospholipase a(2) (pla(2)) inhibitor termed phospholipase inhibitor from python (pip) was purified by sequential chromatography and cloned to elucidate its primary structure and fundamental biochemical characteristics. a cdna clone encoding pip was isolated from the liver total rna by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). it contained a 603 bp open reading frame that encoded a 19-residue signal sequence and a ... | 2000 | 10924158 |
| sarcosporidiasis in rodents from thailand. | one to six sarcocystis spp. were identified in the skeletal muscles of 41 (33%) of 124 wild rodents (rattus spp. and bandicota indica) mainly captured in the central plains of thailand throughout the year in 1995. included were s. singaporensis, s. villivillosi, and s. murinotechis-like cysts all of which showed a striated cyst wall at the light microscopical level, and sarcocystis cymruensis, s. sulawesiensis, and s. zamani which possessed smooth cyst walls. the ultrastructure of the cyst wall ... | 1997 | 9391972 |
| axenic culture of reptilian blastocystis isolates in monophasic medium and speciation by karyotypic typing. | the growth of axenic reptilian isolates of blastocystis in iscove's modified dulbecco's medium (imdm) was studied and the morphology of the parasite was examined by phase-contrast microscopy. the chromosomal patterns of these reptilian isolates of blastocystis were examined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and compared with those of b. hominis and b. lapemi, a sea snake blastocystis. imdm with 10% horse serum supported excellent growth of the reptilian blastocystis isolates. the parasi ... | 1996 | 8825212 |
| sarcocystis singaporensis zaman and colley, (1975) 1976, sarcocystis villivilliso sp. n., and sarcocystis zamani sp. n.: development, morphology, and persistence in the laboratory rat, rattus norvegicus. | sporocysts obtained in singapore in the feces of the boid snake, python reticulatus, were given by mouth to laboratory rats, mice, and a monkey (macaca mulatta). infections developed in rats only. schizonts were observed in vascular endothelium of various tissues of rats examined at 7 to 15 days of infection; and in each of 20 rats examined at 1 mo to 2 yr, cysts of three species of sarcocystis were observed. based on observations made by light and electron microscopy, one species was identified ... | 1981 | 6787185 |
| dendritic immune complex trapping cells in the spleen of the snake, python reticulatus. | the spleen of the snake python reticulatus, was investigated as to its general histology as well as the presence of immune complex trapping cells both at the light and electron microscopical level. histological examination revealed that the spleen of this reptile was encapsulated and contained some trabeculae. in the splenic parenchyma two different regions could be distinguished: viz. red and white pulp. the white pulp appeared to be arranged around "central arterioles" and their smaller branch ... | 1985 | 4085674 |
| localization of immunoreactive synthetic atrial natriuretic factor (anf) in the heart of various animal species. | the localization of two synthetic fragments of the c-terminal portion of atrial natriuretic factor: arg 101-tyr 126 which displays full biological activity and leu 94-arg 109 which is completely devoid of biological activity, has been investigated by immunohisto- and immunocytochemical methods in the heart of mammals (rat, mouse, guinea pig, hamster, rabbit, cat, dog, man) and nonmammalian vertebrates toad (bufo marinus), frog (rana catesbeiana), fish (cyprinus carpio, puntius schwanenfeldi, cic ... | 1985 | 3158698 |
| review of sarcocystosis in malaysia. | sarcocystis is a tissue coccidian with an obligatory two-host life cycle. the sexual generations of gametogony and sporogony occur in the lamina propria of the small intestine of definitive hosts which shed infective sporocysts in their stools and present with intestinal sarcocystosis. asexual multiplication occurs in the skeletal and cardiac muscles of intermediate hosts which harbor sarcocystis cysts in their muscles and present with muscular sarcocystosis. in malaysia, sarcocystis cysts have ... | 1991 | 1822870 |
| endogenous phospholipase a2 inhibitors in snakes: a brief overview. | the blood plasma of numerous snake species naturally comprises endogenous phospholipase a2 inhibitors, which primarily neutralize toxic phospholipases a2 that may eventually reach their circulation. this inhibitor type is generally known as snake blood phospholipase a2 inhibitors (sbplis). most, if not all sbplis are oligomeric glycosylated proteins, although the carbohydrate moiety may not be essential for pla2 inhibition in every case. the presently known sbplis belong to one of three structur ... | 2016 | 28031735 |
| hematopoiesis in snakes (ophidia). | locations of the hematopoietic tissue have been described in the following ophidian species: bothrops jararaca, bothrops jararacusu, waglerophis merremii, elaphe teniura teniura, boa constrictor, and python reticulatus. studies were carried out on perfusion fixed vertebrae, ribs, spleen, liver, thymus, and kidney. routine histological technique was applied using both light and electron microscopy. hematopoietic tissue was found in the following locations of the vertebrae: neural spine, neural ar ... | 2002 | 12056654 |
| death caused by a constricting snake--an infant death. | a 21-month-old male was found dead in his crib. an escaped pet python snake (python reticulatus) was found near the child on a cribside shelf. autopsy findings included petechiae associated with asphyxial death plus puncture wounds consistent with the reptile's teeth. this report details this 1982 death of a child in reno, nevada, and includes illustration of the reptile's bite marks plus description of snake jaw mechanics in swallowing. | 1989 | 2918282 |
| carcinogenic activity of n-nitrosodiethylamine in snakes (python reticulatus, schneider). | fourteen snakes of the species python reticulatus were randomized after one year's adaptation in our laboratory, i.e., at the age of 18 months. groups of three animals (average body weight, 1 kg) were subjected to lifelong administration of 24, 12 or 6 mg/kg body weight of n-nitrosodiethylamine (ndea) at fortnightly intervals. the ndea-containing aqueous solution (0.3 ml/kg body weight) was administered by gavage. five untreated animals served as controls. snakes receiving 24 mg/kg ndea died fro ... | 1984 | 6533059 |
| python pit organs analyzed as warm receptors. | the infrared receptor neurons of python reticulatus pit organs were all found to have bimodal sensitivity, responding to both infrared and touch stimuli with fairly rapid adaptation. the majority (22 of 29 neurons) had no background discharges at any temperature between 20 and 33 degrees c. the receptive areas were 150-250 micrometers in diameter and identical for both modalities. there was only one receptive area for each neuron. these facts suggest the possibility that some kinds of temperatur ... | 1981 | 7346171 |
| haematopoiesis and a new mechanism for the release of mature blood cells from the bone marrow into the circulation in snakes (ophidia). | this is the first description of haematopoiesis in snakes. studies were carried out on the following species belonging to ophidia: bothrops jararaca, bothrops jararacusu, waglerophis merremii, elaphe taeniura taeniura, boa constrictor,and python reticulatus. smears of the peripheral blood and histological preparations from the vertebrae, ribs, liver, and spleen were studied under a light and electron microscope. myeloid cells were present in the following locations in the vertebrae: the neural s ... | 2002 | 12242485 |
| evaluation of noninvasive oscillometric blood pressure monitoring in anesthetized boid snakes. | to determine the accuracy of a noninvasive oscillometric monitor in the measurement of arterial blood pressure in anesthetized boid snakes. | 2009 | 19250041 |
| predation on a wild slow loris (nycticebus coucang) by a reticulated python (python reticulatus). | | 2006 | 10640884 |
| hepatozoon and theileria species detected in ticks collected from mammals and snakes in thailand. | we report the detection of hepatozoon and theileria in 103 ticks from mammals and snakes in thailand. by using a genus-specific 18s rrna pcr, hepatozoon and theileria spp. were detected in 8% and 18%, respectively, of ticks (n=79) removed from mammals. of the ticks removed from snakes (n=24), 96% were infected with hepatozoon spp., but none were infected with theileria. phylogenetic analysis revealed that hepatozoon spp. detected from dermacentor astrosignatus and dermacentor auratus ticks from ... | 2015 | 25736475 |
| mycotic keratitis in a reticulated python. | an adult male python was observed to have an inflamed right eye. after several weeks of antibiotic and corticosteroid therapy, a granulomatous mass was noticed on the cornea. the condition became progressively worse and the eye was enucleated. the histologic diagnosis was granulomatous mycotic keratitis with panophthalmitis. | 1978 | 738926 |
| thermoreceptors in python reticulatus [proceedings]. | | 1977 | 920292 |
| examination of sarcocystis spp. of giant snakes from australia and southeast asia confirms presence of a known pathogen - sarcocystis nesbitti. | we examined sarcocystis spp. in giant snakes from the indo-australian archipelago and australia using a combination of morphological (size of sporocyst) and molecular analyses. we amplified by pcr nuclear 18s rdna from single sporocysts in order to detect mixed infections and unequivocally assign the retrieved sequences to the corresponding parasite stage. sarcocystis infection was generally high across the study area, with 78 (68%) of 115 examined pythons being infected by one or more sarcocyst ... | 2017 | 29131856 |
| prevalence ofamblyomma gervaisiticks on captive snakes in tamil nadu. | ticks are the important ectoparasites that occur on snakes and transmit rickettsiosis, anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis. a total of 62 snakes (reticulated python, indian rock python, rat snakes and spectacled cobra) were examined for tick infestation at chennai snake park trust (guindy), arignar anna zoological park (vandalur) and rescue centre (velachery) in tamil nadu from september, 2015 to june, 2016. ticks from infested snakes were collected and were identified asamblyomma gervaisi(previously ... | 2017 | 29114125 |
| phylogeography of the reticulated python (malayopython reticulatus ssp.): conservation implications for the worlds' most traded snake species. | as an important economic natural resource in southeast asia, reticulated pythons (malayopython reticulatus ssp.) are primarily harvested from the wild for their skins-which are prized in the luxury leather goods industry. trade dynamics of this cites appendix ii listed species are complex and management approaches on the country or regional level appear obscure. little is known about the actual geographic point-of-harvest of snakes, how genetic diversity is partitioned across the species range, ... | 2017 | 28817588 |
| complete genome sequence of akkermansia glycaniphila strain pytt, a mucin-degrading specialist of the reticulated python gut. | akkermansia glycaniphila is a novel akkermansia species that was isolated from the intestine of the reticulated python and shares the capacity to degrade mucin with the human strain akkermansia muciniphila mucthere, we report the complete genome sequence of strain pyttof 3,074,121 bp. the genomic analysis reveals genes for mucin degradation and aerobic respiration. | 2017 | 28057747 |
| behavioral and corticosterone responses to carbon dioxide exposure in reptiles. | the use of carbon dioxide (co2) exposure as a means of animal euthanasia has received considerable attention in mammals and birds but remains virtually untested in reptiles. we measured the behavioral responses of four squamate reptile species (homalopsis buccata, malayopython reticulatus, python bivitattus, and varanus salvator) to exposure to 99.5% co2 for durations of 15, 30, or 90 minutes. we also examined alterations in plasma corticosterone levels of m. reticulatus and v. salvator before a ... | 2020 | 33022690 |
| anticancer properties of asian water monitor lizard (varanus salvator), python (malayopython reticulatus) and tortoise (cuora kamaroma amboinensis). | cancer contributes to significant morbidity and mortality despite advances in treatment and supportive care. there is a need for the identification of effective anticancer agents. reptiles such as tortoise, python, and water monitor lizards are exposed to heavy metals, tolerate high levels of radiation, feed on rotten/germ-infested feed, thrive in unsanitary habitat and yet have prolonged lifespans. such species are rarely reported to develop cancer, suggesting the presence of anticancer molecul ... | 2020 | 32364082 |
| amblyomma cordiferum neumann, 1899 (acari: ixodidae) parasitizing reticulated pythons, malayopython reticulatus (schneider, 1801) (reptilia: pythonidae) in peninsular malaysia. | two ticks were collected from a reticulated python (malayopython reticulatus) caught in tumpat district, kelantan, peninsular malaysia. the ticks were first identified as ambylomma sp. through morphological comparison with identification keys. determination of the tick species was made through pcr and sequencing. however, blast analysis revealed 85-88% sequence nucleotide identity with amblyomma nitidum and amblyomma geoemydae. additionally, the morphological features of the ticks collected in t ... | 2019 | 31494069 |
| reptarenaviruses in apparently healthy snakes in an australian zoological collection. | inclusion body disease (ibd) is a disease of snakes with a global distribution and has recently been shown to be caused by reptarenaviruses. testing for this group of viruses in asymptomatic snakes allows the association between infection and disease to be further elucidated. | 2019 | 30919443 |
| jungle giants: assessing sustainable harvesting in a difficult-to-survey species (python reticulatus). | sustainability of wildlife harvests is critical but difficult to assess. evaluations of sustainability typically combine modelling with the measurement of underlying abundances. for many taxa harvested in developing countries, however, abundances are near-impossible to survey and a lack of detailed ecological information impedes the reliability of models. in such cases, repeated surveys of the attributes of harvested individuals may provide more robust information on sustainability. if the numbe ... | 2016 | 27391138 |
| surgical management of maxillary and premaxillary osteomyelitis in a reticulated python (python reticulatus). | case description a 1-year-old reticulated python (python reticulatus) was evaluated because of a 2-week history of wheezing and hissing. clinical findings rostral facial cellulitis and deep gingival pockets associated with missing rostral maxillary teeth were evident. tissues of the nares were swollen, resulting in an audible wheeze during respiration. multiple scars and superficial facial wounds attributed to biting by live prey were apparent. radiographic examination revealed bilateral, focal, ... | 2016 | 27074611 |
| curcumin nanoemulsion for transdermal application: formulation and evaluation. | the aim of this work is to develop a curcumin nanoemulsion for transdermal delivery. the incorporation of curcumin inside a nanoglobul should improve curcumin stability and permeability. a nanoemulsion was prepared by the self-nanoemulsification method, using an oil phase of glyceryl monooleate, cremophor rh40 and polyethylene glycol 400. evaluation of the nanoemulsion included analysis of particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, physical stability, raman spectrum and morphology. in ... | 2015 | 24502271 |
| genetic assemblage of sarcocystis spp. in malaysian snakes. | sarcocystis species are protozoan parasites with a wide host range including snakes. although there were several reports of sarcocytis species in snakes, their distribution and prevalence are still not fully explored. | 2013 | 24010903 |
| endocardial fibrosarcoma in a reticulated python (python reticularis). | a female, reticulated python (python reticularis) of unknown age was presented with a history of lethargy, weakness, and distended coelom. physical examination revealed severe dystocia and stomatitis. the reticulated python was euthanized due to a poor clinical prognosis. postmortem examination revealed marked distention of the reproductive tract with 26 eggs (10-12 cm in diameter), pericardial effusion, and a slightly firm, pale tan mass (3-4 cm in diameter) adhered to the endocardium at the ba ... | 2010 | 21088198 |
| review of the reticulated python (python reticulatus schneider, 1801) with the description of new subspecies from indonesia. | the geographically widespread python reticulatus, the world's longest snake, has been largely neglected by taxonomists. dwarfed individuals from tanahjampea island, indonesia, differ strikingly in morphology. phylogenetic relationships were analyzed using a 345-bp fragment of the cytochrome b gene for 12 specimens from different populations. both genetic differences and morphological characters distinctly revealed two taxonomic subunits. the island populations of tanahjampea and selayar form two ... | 2002 | 12135085 |
| infrared sensory neurons in the trigeminal ganglia of the python (python reticulatus)--a horseradish peroxidase study. | the infrared neurons innervating the 5 maxillary, 6 mandibular and 4 mental pit organs of the python, python reticulatus, have been identified by means of retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. the neurons innervating the first maxillary pit are located in the ophthalmic ganglion; those innervating the second maxillary pit are in both the ophthalmic and maxillary ganglia; the neurons innervating the rest of the maxillary pits are located in the maxillary part of the ganglia. neurons inn ... | 2012 | 3380315 |
| descending pathways from the brain stem to the spinal cord in some reptiles. i. origin. | in the present study of the origin of the pathways descending from the brain stem to the spinal cord has been investigated in the reptiles testudo hermanni, pseudemys scripta elegans, tupinambis nigropunctatus and python reticulatus. these reptiles, using highly different types of progression, have been selected, because fundamental variations in the organization of the central motor apparatus are to be expected. the origin of the descending pathways has been demonstrated by recording the occurr ... | 1976 | 1270628 |
| renal adenocarcinoma in a reticulated python (python reticulatus). | | 1997 | 9133726 |
| generation of [ala1,thr6]bradykinin in the plasma of a snake, the reticulated python. | incubation of heat-denatured plasma from the reticulated python, python reticulatus with trypsin generated bradykinin-like immunoreactivity which was detected by radioimmunoassay using an antiserum raised against mammalian bradykinin. the primary structure of python bradykinin was established as ala-pro-pro-gly-phe-thr-pro-phe-arg. this amino acid sequence contains two substitutions (arg1-->ala and ser6-->thr) compared with mammalian bradykinin. treatment of python plasma with glass beads under ... | 1994 | 7926636 |
| telencephalic projections to the eye in python reticulatus. | the afferent connections of the eye of python reticulatus have been studied with hrp, nuclear yellow and granular blue. it appeared that in this snake the eye receives afferent connections from basal telencephalic areas both ipsi- and contralaterally. following experiments in which granular blue was injected into one eye and nuclear yellow into the other eye no double labeling occurred. | 1981 | 6165440 |
| dorsal root projections in various types of reptiles. | the distribution of dorsal root fibers into the spinal cord as well as to the brainstem have been studied in various types of reptiles. at the site of entrance into the spinal cord no clear segregation of large fibers medially and smaller fibers laterally has been observed. a peculiarity for reptiles seems to be a lateral bundle of primary afferent fibers which traverses the dorsal part of the lateral funiculus. the fibers of this bundle enter the spinal gray at the lateral side of the dorsal ho ... | 1980 | 7397488 |
| infrared and tactile units in the sensory trigeminal system of python reticulatus. | | 1979 | 466418 |
| helminth eggs from faeces of python reticulatus with special reference to capillaria and its public health significance in sabah, malaysia. | | 1979 | 573500 |
| the ultrastructure of the capsule of the neuromuscular spindles from python reticulatus (schneid.). | the capsule of the neuromuscular spindles in the lower costocutaneous muscles from python reticulatus (schneid.) has been studied at the electron microscope. as in other vertebrate species, the capsule is divisible into 2 components, i.e. an inner and an outer capsule, which display a very similar structure. moreover, it has been possible to bring to light the continuity of the outer capsule with the cells and fibres of the perineural sheath enveloping the sensory and motory fibres. the capsule ... | 1979 | 157704 |
| descending pathways from the brain stem to the spinal cord in some reptiles. ii. course and site of termination. | the course and termination of the pathways descending from the brain stem to the spinal cord have been studied by tracing the ensuing anterograde fiber degeneration, following appropriate lesions in the reptiles testudo hermanni, tupinambis nigropunctatus and python reticulatus. in these reptiles the presence of interstitiospinal, vestibulospinal and reticulospinal pathways has been demonstrated. a crossed rubrospinal tract has been shown in the turtle and lizard, but could not be demonstrated i ... | 1976 | 1270629 |
| miliary tuberculosis in a reticulated python. | | 1974 | 4817961 |
| report on the observed response of javan lutungs (trachypithecus auratus mauritius) upon encountering a reticulated python (python reticulatus). | we observed an encounter between a reticulated python (python reticulatus) and a group of wild javan lutungs (trachypithecus auratus mauritius) at the pangandaran nature reserve, west java, indonesia. a python (about 2 m in length) moved toward a group of lutungs in the trees. upon seeing the python, an adult male and several adult female lutungs began to emit alarm calls. as the python approached, two adult and one sub-adult female jumped onto a branch near the python and began mobbing the pyth ... | 2016 | 26910233 |
| [a contribution to the incidence of tapeworm infection in python reticulatus (schn.)]. | | 1964 | 14174787 |
| a survey of blastocystis in reptiles. | a total of 28 species of reptiles were investigated for blastocystis using light microscopy and in vitro culture in biphasic egg slant medium. blastocystis species were detected in 8 (28.6%) of these 28 species in 3 tortoises (geochelone elephantopus, g. elegans and g. carbonaria), 3 snakes (boiga dendrophilla, python reticulatus and elaphe radiata), 1 crocodile (crocodylus porosus) and 1 iguana lizard (cyclura cornuta). the reptilian blastocystis appeared to be morphologically similar to b. hom ... | 1992 | 1495927 |
| molecular evidence of sarcocystis species in captive snakes in japan. | sarcocystis nesbitti, using snakes as the definitive host, is a causative agent of acute human muscular sarcocystosis in malaysia. therefore, it is important to explore the distribution and prevalence of s. nesbitti in snakes. nevertheless, epizootiological information of s. nesbitti in snakes remains insufficient because few surveys have assessed sarcocystis infection in snakes in endemic countries. in japan, snakes are popular exotic pet animals that are imported from overseas, but the degree ... | 2015 | 26044884 |
| [crystalline deposits in the integument of python reticulatus gray]. | | 1959 | 14443104 |
| gut bacteria of animals living in polluted environments exhibit broad-spectrum antibacterial activities. | infectious diseases, in particular bacterial infections, are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality posing a global threat to human health. the emergence of antibiotic resistance has exacerbated the problem further. hence, there is a need to search for novel sources of antibacterials. herein, we explored gut bacteria of a variety of animals living in polluted environments for their antibacterial properties against multi-drug resistant pathogenic bacteria. a variety of species were procured ... | 2020 | 32124096 |
| the fine structure of the dorsal column nucleus and the nucleus of bischoff of the python (python reticulatus). | three types of neuronal perikaryal profiles were identified in the dorsal column nucleus and the nucleus of bischoff of the python (python reticulatus). type i neuronal profiles are large (diameters 12-20 μm) with a deeply indented uncleus. the cisterns of rough endoplasmic reticulum (rer) are mostly randomly dispersed. axosomatic synapses are few. type ii neuronal profiles (9-11 μm) have a smooth, round, or slightly oval nucleus. several small stacks of rer are present. type iii neuronal profil ... | 1986 | 29954162 |
| exotic reptile bites. | reptiles are a growing part of the exotic pet trade, and reptile bites have been considered innocuous in the emergency medicine literature. two cases are reported of reptile bites, one from a green iguana and the other from a reticulated python. the treatment concerns associated with reptile bites are discussed. | 1997 | 9270399 |
| akkermansia glycaniphila sp. nov., an anaerobic mucin-degrading bacterium isolated from reticulated python faeces. | a gram-stain-negative, non-motile, strictly anaerobic, oval-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium (strain pytt) was isolated from reticulated python faeces. strain pytt was capable of using mucin as sole carbon, energy and nitrogen source. cells could grow singly, in pairs, and were also found to aggregate. scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of filamentous structures connecting individual bacterial cells. strain pytt could grow on a limited number of single sugars, including n-acet ... | 2016 | 27499019 |
| the big squeeze: scaling of constriction pressure in two of the world's largest snakes, python reticulatus and python molurus bivittatus. | snakes are important predators that have radiated throughout many ecosystems, and constriction was important in their radiation. constrictors immobilize and kill prey by using body loops to exert pressure on their prey. despite its importance, little is known about constriction performance or its full effects on prey. we studied the scaling of constriction performance in two species of giant pythons (python reticulatus and python molurus bivittatus) and propose a new mechanism of prey death by c ... | 2015 | 26347553 |
| effect of snake venom procoagulants on snake plasma: implications for the coagulation cascade of snakes. | several snake venoms contain proteinases that activate zymogens in the coagulation cascade and thus exhibit their procoagulant effects. while most procoagulant proteinases from snake venoms are dissimilar to coagulation factors, group d (trocarin, notecarin) and c (pseutarin) prothrombin activators are structural and functional homologues of factor xa and the prothrombinase complex, respectively. we examined the effect of these and other procoagulants from snake venoms as well as mammalian and s ... | 2002 | 11689239 |