| detection of viable plasmodium ookinetes in the midguts of anopheles coluzzi using pma-qrtpcr. | mosquito infection with malaria parasites depends on complex interactions between the mosquito immune response, the parasite developmental program and the midgut microbiota. simultaneous monitoring of the parasite and bacterial dynamics is important when studying these interactions. pcr based methods of genomic dna (gdna) have been widely used, but their inability to discriminate between live and dead cells compromises their application. the alternative method of quantification of mrna mainly re ... | 2015 | 26373633 |
| larval ecology of anopheles coluzzii in cape coast, ghana: water quality, nature of habitat and implication for larval control. | there is a growing interest in larval control intervention to supplement existing malaria control strategies, particularly in urban areas. however, effective implementation requires a good understanding of habitat ecology of anopheles mosquitoes. clean water bodies have long been reported by several studies as a preferred breeding habitat for anopheles gambiae. other studies have also reported the breeding of an. gambiae in polluted water bodies. however, the term clean or polluted is mostly bas ... | 2015 | 26558365 |
| gene expression changes in the salivary glands of anopheles coluzzii elicited by plasmodium berghei infection. | malaria is a devastating infectious disease caused by plasmodium parasites transmitted through the bites of infected anopheles mosquitoes. salivary glands are the only mosquito tissue invaded by plasmodium sporozoites, being a key stage for the effective parasite transmission, making the study of anopheles sialome highly relevant. | 2015 | 26395987 |
| increasing outdoor host-seeking in anopheles gambiae over 6 years of vector control on bioko island. | vector control through indoor residual spraying (irs) has been employed on bioko island, equatorial guinea, under the bioko island malaria control project (bimcp) since 2004. this study analyses the change in mosquito abundance, species composition and outdoor host-seeking proportions from 2009 to 2014, after 11 years of vector control on bioko island. | 2016 | 27113244 |
| artemisinin-resistant plasmodium falciparum clinical isolates can infect diverse mosquito vectors of southeast asia and africa. | artemisinin-resistant plasmodium falciparum parasites are rapidly spreading in southeast asia, yet nothing is known about their transmission. this knowledge gap and the possibility that these parasites will spread to africa endanger global efforts to eliminate malaria. here we produce gametocytes from parasite clinical isolates that displayed artemisinin resistance in patients and in vitro, and use them to infect native and non-native mosquito vectors. we show that contemporary artemisinin-resis ... | 2015 | 26485448 |
| ecology of urban malaria vectors in niamey, republic of niger. | urbanization in african cities has major impact on malaria risk. niamey, the capital of the republic of niger, is situated in the west african sahel zone. the short rainy season and human activities linked with the niger river influence mosquito abundance. this study aimed at deciphering the factors of distribution of urban malaria vectors in niamey. | 2016 | 27277707 |
| malaria vector populations across ecological zones in guinea conakry and mali, west africa. | malaria remains a pervasive public health problem in sub-saharan west africa. here mosquito vector populations were explored across four sites in mali and the republic of guinea (guinea conakry). the study samples the major ecological zones of malaria-endemic regions in west africa within a relatively small distance. | 2016 | 27059057 |
| insecticide susceptibility of natural populations of anopheles coluzzii and anopheles gambiae (sensu stricto) from okyereko irrigation site, ghana, west africa. | the increasing spread of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors has been well documented across sub-saharan africa countries. the influence of irrigation on increasing vector resistance is poorly understood, and is critical to successful and ethical implementation of food security policies. this study investigated the insecticide resistance status of an. gambiae (s.l.) mosquitoes collected from the irrigated rice area of okyereko, a village containing about 42 hectares of irrigated field with ... | 2016 | 27030033 |
| composition and genetics of malaria vector populations in the central african republic. | in many african countries malaria has declined sharply due to a synergy of actions marked by the introduction of vector control strategies, but the disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in central african republic (car). an entomological study was initiated with the aim to characterize the malaria vectors in bangui, the capital of car, and determine their vector competence. | 2016 | 27456078 |
| evaluation of a protocol for remote identification of mosquito vector species reveals bg-sentinel trap as an efficient tool for anopheles gambiae outdoor collection in burkina faso. | feasibility and costs of monitoring efforts aimed to monitor mosquito species are strictly dependent on the presence of skilled entomologists directly in the field. however, in several contexts this is not possible or easy to organize, thus limiting the possibility to obtain crucial information on presence/abundance of potential disease vectors and of new invasive species. digital imaging approaches could be extremely useful in the frame of medical entomology to overcome this limit. this work de ... | 2015 | 25888896 |
| transmission patterns of plasmodium falciparum by anopheles gambiae in benin. | to better control malaria, the clear and urgent need is for improved data to inform decision makers, but in several african countries, there is a lack of baseline data on vectors and variation in the intensity of malaria transmission. this has resulted in the implementation of vector control efforts that ignore variation in vector behaviour and intensity of transmission, an approach that is most often not cost-effective. this study presents a detailed entomological description of mosquito distri ... | 2014 | 25412948 |
| first report of an exophilic anopheles arabiensis population in bissau city, guinea-bissau: recent introduction or sampling bias? | the malaria vector anopheles arabiensis exhibits greater behavioural and ecological plasticity than the other major vectors of the anopheles gambiae complex, which presents challenges for major control methods. this study reports for the first time the presence of an. arabiensis in antula, a suburb of bissau city, the capital of guinea bissau, where high levels of hybridization between anopheles coluzzii and an. gambiae have been reported. given that previous surveys in the area, based on indoor ... | 2014 | 25370807 |
| genes and odors underlying the recent evolution of mosquito preference for humans. | mosquito species that specialize in biting humans are few but dangerous. they include the african malaria vectors anopheles gambiae and anopheles coluzzii, as well as aedes aegypti, the cosmopolitan vector of dengue, chikungunya, and yellow fever. these mosquitoes have evolved a remarkable innate preference for human odor that helps them find and bite us. here i review what is known about this important evolutionary adaptation, from its historical documentation to its chemical and molecular basi ... | 0 | 26766234 |
| detection and perception of generic host volatiles by mosquitoes modulate host preference: context dependence of (r)-1-octen-3-ol. | natural selection favours a restricted host breadth in disease vector mosquitoes, indicating that there is an adaptive value associated with maintaining plasticity in host preference. one mechanism to maintain such plasticity is via the detection of generic cues by conserved peripheral olfactory pathways, which when perceived in different host odour contexts enable the identification of and discrimination among potential host species. here, we show that the context of an odour cue shapes host pe ... | 2016 | 28018630 |
| comparative physiological plasticity to desiccation in distinct populations of the malarial mosquito anopheles coluzzii. | in west africa, populations of the malaria vector mosquito, anopheles coluzzii, are seasonally exposed to strong desiccating conditions during the dry season. their dynamics strictly follows the pace of the availability of suitable larval development sites (water collections). accordingly, mosquitoes can reproduce all year long where permanent breeding is possible, or stop reproduction and virtually disappear at the onset of the dry season when surface water dries up, like observed in temporary ... | 2016 | 27806730 |
| molecular evolution and population genetics of a gram-negative binding protein gene in the malaria vector anopheles gambiae (sensu lato). | clarifying the role of the innate immune system of the malaria vector anopheles gambiae is a potential way to block the development of the plasmodium parasites. pathogen recognition is the first step of innate immune response, where pattern recognition proteins like gnbps play a central role. | 2016 | 27658383 |
| species composition and insecticide resistance status of anopheles gambiae (s.l.) (culicidae) in kome, southern chad and the implications for malaria control. | the development and spread of insecticide resistance among malaria vectors, is a threat to the continued effectiveness of interventions to control and eliminate the disease. the status of insecticide resistance among malaria vector populations at two sites in kome, southern chad, was evaluated to inform decisions on vector control. | 2016 | 27553245 |
| investigation of mechanisms of bendiocarb resistance in anopheles gambiae populations from the city of yaoundé, cameroon. | resistance to the carbamate insecticide bendiocarb is emerging in anopheles gambiae populations from the city of yaoundé in cameroon. however, the molecular basis of this resistance remains uncharacterized. the present study objective is to investigate mechanisms promoting resistance to bendiocarb in an. gambiae populations from yaoundé. | 2016 | 27549778 |
| seasonality and locality affect the diversity of anopheles gambiae and anopheles coluzzii midgut microbiota from ghana. | symbiotic bacteria can have important implications in the development and competence of disease vectors. in anopheles mosquitoes, the composition of the midgut microbiota is largely influenced by the larval breeding site, but the exact factors shaping this composition are currently unknown. here, we examined whether the proximity to urban areas and seasons have an impact on the midgut microbial community of the two major malaria vectors in africa, an. coluzzii and an. gambiae. larvae and pupae w ... | 2016 | 27322614 |
| seeing is believing: the nocturnal malarial mosquito anopheles coluzzii responds to visual host-cues when odour indicates a host is nearby. | the immediate aim of our study was to analyse the behaviour of the malarial mosquito anopheles coluzzii (an. gambiae species complex) near a human host with the ultimate aim of contributing to our fundamental understanding of mosquito host-seeking behaviour and the overall aim of identifying behaviours that could be exploited to enhance sampling and control strategies. | 2016 | 27260254 |
| desiccation tolerance in anopheles coluzzii: the effects of spiracle size and cuticular hydrocarbons. | the african malaria mosquitoes anopheles gambiae and anopheles coluzzii range over forests and arid areas, where they withstand dry spells and months-long dry seasons, suggesting variation in their desiccation tolerance. we subjected a laboratory colony (g3) and wild sahelian mosquitoes during the rainy and dry seasons to desiccation assays. the thoracic spiracles and amount and composition of cuticular hydrocarbons (chcs) of individual mosquitoes were measured to determine the effects of these ... | 2016 | 27207644 |
| attractiveness of volatiles from different body parts to the malaria mosquito anopheles coluzzii is affected by deodorant compounds. | mosquitoes display biting preferences among different sites of the human body. in addition to height or convection currents, body odour may play a role in the selection of these biting sites. previous studies have shown that skin emanations are important host-finding cues for mosquitoes. in this study, skin emanations were collected from armpits, hands and feet; the volatile profiles were analysed and tested for their attractiveness to the malaria mosquito anopheles coluzzii. skin emanations col ... | 2016 | 27251017 |
| wolbachia infections in natural anopheles populations affect egg laying and negatively correlate with plasmodium development. | the maternally inherited alpha-proteobacterium wolbachia has been proposed as a tool to block transmission of devastating mosquito-borne infectious diseases like dengue and malaria. here we study the reproductive manipulations induced by a recently identified wolbachia strain that stably infects natural mosquito populations of a major malaria vector, anopheles coluzzii, in burkina faso. we determine that these infections significantly accelerate egg laying but do not induce cytoplasmic incompati ... | 2016 | 27243367 |
| anopheles coluzzii larval habitat and insecticide resistance in the island area of manoka, cameroon. | the effectiveness of long-lasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual spraying in malaria vector control is threatened by vector resistance to insecticides. knowledge of mosquito habitats and patterns of insecticide resistance would facilitate the development of appropriate vector control strategies. therefore, we investigated an. coluzzii larval habitats and resistance to insecticides in the manoka rural island area compared with the youpwe suburban inland area, in douala vi and ii districts ... | 2016 | 27207560 |
| neemazal ® as a possible alternative control tool for malaria and african trypanosomiasis? | research efforts to identify possible alternative control tools for malaria and african trypanosomiasis are needed. one promising approach relies on the use of traditional plant remedies with insecticidal activities. | 2016 | 27146309 |
| flow cytometry analysis of the microbiota associated with the midguts of vector mosquitoes. | the scientific interest to understand the function and structure of the microbiota associated with the midgut of mosquito disease vectors is increasing. the advancement of such a knowledge has encountered challenges and limitations associated with conventional culture-based and pcr techniques. | 2016 | 27004717 |
| does insecticide resistance contribute to heterogeneities in malaria transmission in the gambia? | malaria hotspots, areas with consistently higher than average transmission, may become increasingly common as malaria declines. this phenomenon, currently observed in the gambia, may be caused by several factors, including some related to the local vectors, whose contribution is poorly understood. | 2016 | 26980461 |
| modelling the relative abundance of the primary african vectors of malaria before and after the implementation of indoor, insecticide-based vector control. | malaria remains a heavy burden across sub-saharan africa where transmission is maintained by some of the world's most efficient vectors. indoor insecticide-based control measures have significantly reduced transmission, yet elimination remains a distant target. knowing the relative abundance of the primary vector species can provide transmission models with much needed information to guide targeted control measures. moreover, understanding how existing interventions are impacting on these relati ... | 2016 | 26945997 |
| suboptimal larval habitats modulate oviposition of the malaria vector mosquito anopheles coluzzii. | selection of oviposition sites by gravid females is a critical behavioral step in the reproductive cycle of anopheles coluzzii, which is one of the principal afrotropical malaria vector mosquitoes. several studies suggest this decision is mediated by semiochemicals associated with potential oviposition sites. to better understand the chemosensory basis of this behavior and identify compounds that can modulate oviposition, we examined the generally held hypothesis that suboptimal larval habitats ... | 2016 | 26900947 |
| evidence for carry-over effects of predator exposure on pathogen transmission potential. | accumulating evidence indicates that species interactions such as competition and predation can indirectly alter interactions with other community members, including parasites. for example, presence of predators can induce behavioural defences in the prey, resulting in a change in susceptibility to parasites. such predator-induced phenotypic changes may be especially pervasive in prey with discrete larval and adult stages, for which exposure to predators during larval development can have strong ... | 0 | 26674956 |
| estimation of allele-specific ace-1 duplication in insecticide-resistant anopheles mosquitoes from west africa. | identification of variation in ace-1 copy number and g119s mutation genotype from samples of anopheles gambiae and anopheles coluzzii across west africa are important diagnostics of carbamate and organophosphate resistance at population and individual levels. the most widespread and economical method, pcr-rflp, suffers from an inability to discriminate true heterozygotes from heterozygotes with duplication. | 2015 | 26682913 |
| administration of ivermectin to peridomestic cattle: a promising approach to target the residual transmission of human malaria. | the success of current control tools in combatting malaria vectors is well established. however, sustained residual transmission of plasmodium parasites persists. mass drug administration (mda) to humans of the endectocide ivermectin for vector control is receiving increasing attention. however, vectors feeding upon animals escape this promising approach. zoophagy of mosquitoes sustains both the vector population and endemic population of vector-borne pathogens. therefore, only a strategy that w ... | 2015 | 26651335 |
| an evolution-based screen for genetic differentiation between anopheles sister taxa enriches for detection of functional immune factors. | nucleotide variation patterns across species are shaped by the processes of natural selection, including exposure to environmental pathogens. we examined patterns of genetic variation in two sister species, anopheles gambiae and anopheles coluzzii, both efficient natural vectors of human malaria in west africa. we used the differentiation signature displayed by a known coordinate selective sweep of immune genes apl1 and tep1 in a. coluzzii to design a population genetic screen trained on the swe ... | 2015 | 26633695 |
| reticulate speciation and barriers to introgression in the anopheles gambiae species complex. | speciation as a process remains a central focus of evolutionary biology, but our understanding of the genomic architecture and prevalence of speciation in the face of gene flow remains incomplete. the anopheles gambiae species complex of malaria mosquitoes is a radiation of ecologically diverse taxa. this complex is well-suited for testing for evidence of a speciation continuum and genomic barriers to introgression because its members exhibit partially overlapping geographic distributions as wel ... | 2015 | 26615027 |
| insecticide resistance profile of anopheles gambiae from a phase ii field station in cové, southern benin: implications for the evaluation of novel vector control products. | novel indoor residual spraying (irs) and long-lasting insecticidal net (llin) products aimed at improving the control of pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors have to be evaluated in phase ii semi-field experimental studies against highly pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes. to better understand their performance it is necessary to fully characterize the species composition, resistance status and resistance mechanisms of the vector populations in the experimental hut sites. | 2015 | 26581678 |
| does extreme asymmetric dominance promote hybridization between anopheles coluzzii and anopheles gambiae s.s. in seasonal malaria mosquito communities of west africa? | anopheles gambiae s.s. and an. coluzzii are two of the most important malaria vector species in sub-saharan africa. these recently-diverged sibling species do not exhibit intrinsic post-zygotic barriers to reproduction and are thought to be separated by strong assortative mating combined with selection against hybrids. at present, little is known about the ecological conditions that determine hybridization and introgression between these cryptic taxa. | 2015 | 26559354 |
| heterosis increases fertility, fecundity, and survival of laboratory-produced f1 hybrid males of the malaria mosquito anopheles coluzzii. | the success of vector control strategies aiming to decrease disease transmission via the release of sterile or genetically-modified male mosquitoes critically depends on mating between laboratory-reared males and wild females. unfortunately, mosquito colonization, laboratory rearing, and genetic manipulations can all negatively affect male competitiveness. heterosis is commonly used to produce domestic animals with enhanced vigor and homogenous genetic background and could therefore potentially ... | 2015 | 26497140 |
| complex genome evolution in anopheles coluzzii associated with increased insecticide usage in mali. | in certain cases, a species may have access to important genetic variation present in a related species via adaptive introgression. these novel alleles may interact with their new genetic background, resulting in unexpected phenotypes. in this study, we describe a selective sweep on standing variation on the x chromosome in the mosquito anopheles coluzzii, a principal malaria vector in west africa. this event may have been influenced by the recent adaptive introgression of the insecticide resist ... | 2015 | 26359110 |
| the kdr-bearing haplotype and susceptibility to plasmodium falciparum in anopheles gambiae: genetic correlation and functional testing. | members of the anopheles gambiae species complex are primary vectors of human malaria in africa. it is known that a large haplotype shared between an. gambiae and anopheles coluzzii by introgression carries point mutations of the voltage-gated sodium channel gene para, including the l1014f kdr mutation associated with insensitivity to pyrethroid insecticides. carriage of l1014f kdr is also correlated with higher susceptibility to infection with plasmodium falciparum. however, the genetic mechani ... | 2015 | 26445487 |
| characterizing the insecticide resistance of anopheles gambiae in mali. | the impact of indoor residual spraying (irs) and long-lasting insecticide nets (llins), key components of the national malaria control strategy of mali, is threatened by vector insecticide resistance. the objective of this study was to assess the level of insecticide resistance in anopheles gambiae sensu lato populations from mali against four classes of insecticide recommended for irs: organochlorines (ocs), pyrethroids (pys), carbamates (cas) and organophosphates (ops). characterization of res ... | 2015 | 26296644 |
| plasmodium transmission blocking activities of vernonia amygdalina extracts and isolated compounds. | medicinal plants are a validated source for discovery of new leads and standardized herbal medicines. the aim of this study was to assess the activity of vernonia amygdalina leaf extracts and isolated compounds against gametocytes and sporogonic stages of plasmodium berghei and to validate the findings on field isolates of plasmodium falciparum. | 2015 | 26208861 |
| adaptive potential of hybridization among malaria vectors: introgression at the immune locus tep1 between anopheles coluzzii and a. gambiae in 'far-west' africa. | "far-west" africa is known to be a secondary contact zone between the two major malaria vectors anopheles coluzzii and a. gambiae. we investigated gene-flow and potentially adaptive introgression between these species along a west-to-east transect in guinea bissau, the putative core of this hybrid zone. to evaluate the extent and direction of gene flow, we genotyped site 702 in intron-1 of the para voltage-gated sodium channel gene, a species-diagnostic nucleotide position throughout most of a. ... | 2015 | 26047479 |
| mosquito attraction: crucial role of carbon dioxide in formulation of a five-component blend of human-derived volatiles. | behavioral responses of the malaria mosquito anopheles coluzzii (an. gambiae sensu stricto molecular 'm form') to an expanded blend of human-derived volatiles were assessed in a dual-port olfactometer. a previously documented attractive three-component blend consisting of nh3, (s)-lactic acid, and tetradecanoic acid served as the basis for expansion. adding 4.5% co2 to the basic blend significantly enhanced its attractiveness. expansion of the blend with four human-derived c4-volatiles was then ... | 2015 | 26026743 |
| rapid evolution of pyrethroid resistance prevalence in anopheles gambiae populations from the cities of douala and yaoundé (cameroon). | the adaptation of malaria vectors to urban areas is becoming a serious challenge for malaria control. the study presents the evolution of pyrethroid resistance in mosquito populations from the cities of douala and yaoundé between 2010 and 2013. | 2015 | 25879950 |
| malaria vectors resistance to insecticides in benin: current trends and mechanisms involved. | insecticides are widely used to control malaria vectors and have significantly contributed to the reduction of malaria-caused mortality. in addition, the same classes of insecticides were widely introduced and used in agriculture in benin since 1980s. these factors probably contributed to the selection of insecticide resistance in malaria vector populations reported in several localities in benin. this insecticide resistance represents a threat to vector control tool and should be monitored. the ... | 2015 | 25886599 |
| habitat segregation and ecological character displacement in cryptic african malaria mosquitoes. | understanding how divergent selection generates adaptive phenotypic and population diversification provides a mechanistic explanation of speciation in recently separated species pairs. towards this goal, we sought ecological gradients of divergence between the cryptic malaria vectors anopheles coluzzii and an. gambiae and then looked for a physiological trait that may underlie such divergence. using a large set of occurrence records and eco-geographic information, we built a distribution model t ... | 2015 | 25926878 |
| remarkable diversity of intron-1 of the para voltage-gated sodium channel gene in an anopheles gambiae/anopheles coluzzii hybrid zone. | genomic differentiation between anopheles gambiae and anopheles coluzzii--the major malaria vectors in sub-saharan africa--is localized into large "islands" toward the centromeres of chromosome-x and the two autosomes. linkage disequilibrium between these genomic islands was first detected between species-specific polymorphisms within ribosomal dna genes (igs-rdna) on the x-chromosome and a single variant at position 702 of intron 1 (int-1702) of the para voltage-gated sodium channel (vgsc) gene ... | 2015 | 25604888 |
| adaptive introgression in an african malaria mosquito coincident with the increased usage of insecticide-treated bed nets. | animal species adapt to changes in their environment, including man-made changes such as the introduction of insecticides, through selection for advantageous genes already present in populations or newly arisen through mutation. a possible alternative mechanism is the acquisition of adaptive genes from related species via a process known as adaptive introgression. differing levels of insecticide resistance between two african malaria vectors, anopheles coluzzii and anopheles gambiae, have been a ... | 2015 | 25561525 |
| population genetics of anopheles coluzzii immune pathways and genes. | natural selection is expected to drive adaptive evolution in genes involved in host-pathogen interactions. in this study, we use molecular population genetic analyses to understand how natural selection operates on the immune system of anopheles coluzzii (formerly a. gambiae "m form"). we analyzed patterns of intraspecific and interspecific genetic variation in 20 immune-related genes and 17 nonimmune genes from a wild population of a. coluzzii and asked if patterns of genetic variation in the i ... | 2014 | 25552603 |
| natural variation in virulence of the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana against malaria mosquitoes. | insecticide resistance is greatly hampering current efforts to control malaria and therefore alternative methods are needed. entomopathogenic fungi have been proposed as an alternative with a special focus on the cosmopolitan species beauveria bassiana. however, few studies have analysed the effects of natural variation within fungal isolates on mosquito survival, and the implications and possible exploitation for malaria control. | 2014 | 25480526 |
| signatures of aestivation and migration in sahelian malaria mosquito populations. | during the long sahelian dry season, mosquito vectors of malaria are expected to perish when no larval sites are available; yet, days after the first rains, mosquitoes reappear in large numbers. how these vectors persist over the 3-6-month long dry season has not been resolved, despite extensive research for over a century. hypotheses for vector persistence include dry-season diapause (aestivation) and long-distance migration (ldm); both are facets of vector biology that have been highly controv ... | 2014 | 25470038 |
| mating competitiveness of sterile male anopheles coluzzii in large cages. | understanding the factors that account for male mating competitiveness is critical to the development of the sterile insect technique (sit). here, the effects of partial sterilization with 90 gy of radiation on sexual competitiveness of anopheles coluzzii allowed to mate in different ratios of sterile to untreated males have been assessed. moreover, competitiveness was compared between males allowed one versus two days of contact with females. | 2014 | 25424008 |
| insecticide susceptibility of anopheles coluzzii and anopheles gambiae mosquitoes in ibadan, southwest nigeria. | the emergence of insecticide resistance in anopheles (diptera: culicidae) mosquitoes has great implications for malaria control in nigeria. this study aimed to determine the dynamics of insecticide susceptibility levels and the frequency of knock-down resistance (kdr) mutations (l1014f) in wild anopheles coluzzii coetzee & wilkerson sp. n. and anopheles gambiae giles from the ojoo and bodija areas of ibadan, in southwest nigeria. insecticide susceptibility to pyrethroids, organophosphates, carba ... | 2014 | 25417803 |
| a heavy legacy: offspring of malaria-infected mosquitoes show reduced disease resistance. | trans-generational effects of immune stimulation may have either adaptive (trans-generational immune priming) or non-adaptive (fitness costs) effects on offspring ability to fight pathogens. | 2014 | 25412797 |
| an agent-based model of the population dynamics of anopheles gambiae. | agent-based models (abms) have been used to model the behaviour of individual mosquitoes and other aspects of malaria. in this paper, a conceptual entomological model of the population dynamics of anopheles gambiae and the agent-based implementations derived from it are described. hypothetical vector control interventions (hvcis) are implemented to target specific activities in the mosquito life cycle, and their impacts are evaluated. | 2014 | 25373418 |
| male motion coordination in anopheline mating swarms. | the anopheles gambiae species complex comprises the primary vectors of malaria in much of sub-saharan africa. most of the mating in these species occurs in swarms composed almost entirely of males. intermittent, organized patterns in such swarms have been observed, but a detailed description of male-male interactions has not previously been available. we identify frequent, time-varying interactions characterized by periods of parallel flight in data from 8 swarms of anopheles gambiae and 3 swarm ... | 2014 | 25212874 |
| effects of the kdr resistance mutation on the susceptibility of wild anopheles gambiae populations to plasmodium falciparum: a hindrance for vector control. | in the context of generalization of insecticide resistance, the hypothesis that insecticide resistance has a positive impact on the capacity of mosquitoes to transmit malaria constitutes a hindrance for malaria elimination. the aim of this study was to investigated populations of anopheles coluzzii and anopheles gambiae s molecular form to assess whether different genotypes at the kdr locus are responsible for different susceptibility to plasmodium falciparum infection. | 2014 | 25176292 |
| high frequency of kdr l1014f is associated with pyrethroid resistance in anopheles coluzzii in sudan savannah of northern nigeria. | malaria burden is high in nigeria, yet information on the major mosquito vectors is lacking especially in the sudan savannah region of the country. in order to facilitate the design of future insecticide-based control interventions in the region, this study has established the resistance profile of an. gambiae s.l. populations in two northern nigeria locations and assessed the contribution of target site resistance mutations. | 2014 | 25127882 |
| the sticky resting box, a new tool for studying resting behaviour of afrotropical malaria vectors. | monitoring densities of adult mosquito populations is a major challenge in efforts to evaluate the epidemiology of mosquito-borne diseases, and their response to vector control interventions. in the case of malaria, collection of outdoor-resting anophelines is rarely incorporated into surveillance and control, partially due to the lack of standardized collection tools. such an approach, however, is increasingly important to investigate possible changes in mosquito behaviour in response to the sc ... | 2014 | 24885432 |
| individual experience affects host choice in malaria vector mosquitoes. | despite epidemiological importance, few studies have explored whether individual experience and learning could affect the vertebrate host choice of mosquito disease vectors. here, we investigated whether a first successful blood meal can modulate mosquito preference during a second blood meal. | 2014 | 24885668 |
| transmission blocking activity of azadirachta indica and guiera senegalensis extracts on the sporogonic development of plasmodium falciparum field isolates in anopheles coluzzii mosquitoes. | targeting the stages of the malaria parasites responsible for transmission from the human host to the mosquito vector is a key pharmacological strategy for malaria control. research efforts to identify compounds that are active against these stages have significantly increased in recent years. however, at present, only two drugs are available, namely primaquine and artesunate, which reportedly act on late stage gametocytes. | 2014 | 24735564 |
| larval competition between an. coluzzii and an. gambiae in insectary and semi-field conditions in burkina faso. | competition in mosquito larvae is common and different ecological context could change competitive advantage between species. here, larval competition between the widely sympatric african malaria mosquitoes, anopheles coluzzii and anopheles gambiae were investigated in controlled insectary conditions using individuals from laboratory colonies and under ambient conditions using wild mosquitoes in a semi-field enclosure in western burkina faso. larvae of both species were reared in trays at the sa ... | 2013 | 24269743 |
| spatiotemporal dynamics of gene flow and hybrid fitness between the m and s forms of the malaria mosquito, anopheles gambiae. | the m and s forms of anopheles gambiae have been the focus of intense study by malaria researchers and evolutionary biologists interested in ecological speciation. divergence occurs at three discrete islands in genomes that are otherwise nearly identical. an "islands of speciation" model proposes that diverged regions contain genes that are maintained by selection in the face of gene flow. an alternative "incidental island" model maintains that gene flow between m and s is effectively zero and t ... | 2013 | 24248386 |
| acetylcholinesterase (ace-1) target site mutation 119s is strongly diagnostic of carbamate and organophosphate resistance in anopheles gambiae s.s. and anopheles coluzzii across southern ghana. | with high ddt resistance present throughout much of west africa, carbamates and organophosphates are increasingly important alternatives to pyrethroids for indoor residual spraying (irs). though less widespread, resistance to both of these alternative insecticide classes has also been documented within the anopheles gambiae species pair (formerly the m and s molecular forms) in west africa. to manage insecticide efficacy, it is important to predict how and where resistance is likely to occur and ... | 2013 | 24206629 |
| differences in timing of mating swarms in sympatric populations of anopheles coluzzii and anopheles gambiae s.s. (formerly an. gambiae m and s molecular forms) in burkina faso, west africa. | the m and s molecular forms of anopheles gambiae s.s. giles appear to have speciated in west africa and the m form is now formally named an. coluzzii coetzee & wilkerson sp.n. and the s form retains the nominotypical name (abbreviated here to an. gambiae). reproductive isolation is thought to be the main barrier to hybridisation; even though both species are found in the same mating swarms, hybrid fertilisations in copulae have not been found in the study area. the aim of the study, therefore, w ... | 2013 | 24330578 |
| dose and developmental responses of anopheles merus larvae to salinity. | saltwater tolerance is a trait that carries both ecological and epidemiological significance for anopheles mosquitoes that transmit human malaria, as it plays a key role in determining their habitat use and ecological distribution, and thus their local contribution to malaria transmission. here, we lay the groundwork for genetic dissection of this trait by quantifying saltwater tolerance in three closely related cryptic species and malaria vectors from the afrotropical anopheles gambiae complex ... | 0 | 23966587 |
| filling the gap 115 years after ronald ross: the distribution of the anopheles coluzzii and anopheles gambiae s.s from freetown and monrovia, west africa. | it was in freetown, sierra leone, that the malaria mosquito anopheles coastalis, now known as anopheles gambiae, was first discovered as the vector of malaria, in 1899. that discovery led to a pioneering vector research in sierra leone and neighbouring liberia, where mosquito species were extensively characterized. unfortunately, the decade long civil conflicts of the 1990s, in both countries, resulted in a stagnation of the once vibrant research on disease vectors. this paper attempts to fill i ... | 2013 | 23741429 |
| target-site resistance mutations (kdr and rdl), but not metabolic resistance, negatively impact male mating competiveness in the malaria vector anopheles gambiae. | the implementation of successful insecticide resistance management strategies for malaria control is currently hampered by poor understanding of the fitness cost of resistance on mosquito populations, including their mating competiveness. to fill this knowledge gap, coupled and uncoupled anopheles gambiae s.l. males (all m form (anopheles coluzzii)) were collected from mating swarms in burkina faso. this multiple insecticide resistant population exhibited high 1014f kdr(r) allele frequencies (>6 ... | 2015 | 25899013 |
| larval diet affects mosquito development and permissiveness to plasmodium infection. | the larval stages of malaria vector mosquitoes develop in water pools, feeding mostly on microorganisms and environmental detritus. richness in the nutrient supply to larvae influences the development and metabolism of larvae and adults. here, we investigated the effects of larval diet on the development, microbiota content and permissiveness to plasmodium of anopheles coluzzii. we tested three fish diets often used to rear mosquitoes in the laboratory, including two pelleted diets, dr. clarke's ... | 2016 | 27910908 |
| experimental study of the relationship between plasmodium gametocyte density and infection success in mosquitoes; implications for the evaluation of malaria transmission-reducing interventions. | the evaluation of transmission reducing interventions (tri) to control malaria widely uses membrane feeding assays. in such assays, the intensity of plasmodium infection in the vector might affect the measured efficacy of the candidates to block transmission. gametocyte density in the host blood is a determinant of the infection success in the mosquito, however, uncertain estimates of parasite densities and intrinsic characteristics of the infected blood can induce variability. to reduce this va ... | 2015 | 25541384 |
| impact of exposure to mosquito transmission-blocking antibodies on plasmodium falciparum population genetic structure. | progress in malaria control has led to a significant reduction of the malaria burden. interventions that interrupt transmission are now needed to achieve the elimination goal. transmission-blocking vaccines (tbv) that aim to prevent mosquito infections represent promising tools and several vaccine candidates targeting different stages of the parasite's lifecycle are currently under development. a mosquito-midgut antigen, the anopheline alanyl aminopeptidase (anapn1) is one of the lead tbv candid ... | 2016 | 27566334 |
| stress dependent infection cost of the human malaria agent plasmodium falciparum on its natural vector anopheles coluzzii. | unraveling selective forces that shape vector-parasite interactions has critical implications for malaria control. however, it remains unclear whether plasmodium infection induces a fitness cost to their natural mosquito vectors. moreover, environmental conditions are known to affect infection outcome and may impact the effect of infection on mosquito fitness. we investigated in the laboratory the effects of exposition to and infection by field isolates of plasmodium falciparum on fecundity and ... | 2014 | 24747607 |
| modification of the suna trap for improved survival and quality of mosquitoes in support of epidemiological studies. | monitoring adult mosquito populations provides information that is critical for assessing risk of vector-borne disease transmission. the recently developed suna trap was found to be a very effective trap when baited with an attractive odor blend. a modification of this trap was tested to improve its function as a tool for monitoring mosquito populations, including anopheles coluzzii (an. gambiae sensu stricto molecular form m), aedes aegypti, and culex pipiens. the modified suna trap (suna-m) wa ... | 2015 | 26375903 |
| geographical distributions of african malaria vector sibling species and evidence for insecticide resistance. | many of the mosquito species responsible for malaria transmission belong to a sibling complex; a taxonomic group of morphologically identical, closely related species. sibling species often differ in several important factors that have the potential to impact malaria control, including their geographical distribution, resistance to insecticides, biting and resting locations, and host preference. the aim of this study was to define the geographical distributions of dominant malaria vector sibling ... | 2017 | 28219387 |
| the role of grass volatiles on oviposition site selection by anopheles arabiensis and anopheles coluzzii. | the reproductive success and population dynamics, of anopheles malaria mosquitoes is strongly influenced by the oviposition site selection of gravid females. mosquitoes select oviposition sites at different spatial scales, starting with selecting a habitat in which to search. this study utilizes the association of larval abundance in the field with natural breeding habitats, dominated by various types of wild grasses, as a proxy for oviposition site selection by gravid mosquitoes. moreover, the ... | 2017 | 28173804 |
| shift in species composition in the anopheles gambiae complex after implementation of long-lasting insecticidal nets in dielmo, senegal. | long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) and indoor residual spraying (irs) are the cornerstones of malaria vector control. however, the effectiveness of these control tools depends on vector ecology and behaviour, which also largely determine the efficacy of certain anopheles mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) as vectors. malaria vectors in sub-saharan africa are primarily species of the anopheles gambiae complex, which present intraspecific differences in behaviour that affect how they respond to v ... | 2016 | 27058993 |
| monitoring dry season persistence of anopheles gambiae s.l. populations in a contained semi-field system in southwestern burkina faso, west africa. | to gain insight into the dry season survival strategies of anopheles gambiae s.l., a new contained semi-field system was developed and used for the first time in burkina faso, west africa. the system consisted of a screened greenhouse within which the local environment was reproduced, including all ecological requirements for mosquito development cycle completion. the system was seeded with the progenies of female anopheles gambiae, anopheles coluzzii, and anopheles arabiensis collected in the v ... | 2016 | 26576935 |
| occurrence of natural anopheles arabiensis swarms in an urban area of bobo-dioulasso city, burkina faso, west africa. | the swarming behaviour of natural populations of anopheles arabiensis was investigated by conducting transect surveys on 10 consecutive days, around dusk, from march to april and from september to october 2012 in dioulassoba, a district of bobo-dioulasso city in burkina faso (west africa). swarms were observed outside, around identified larval breeding sites on the banks of the houet river, as well as in the open-air courtyards found at the centre of many homes in the region. swarms were found t ... | 2014 | 24373897 |
| divergence in threat sensitivity among aquatic larvae of cryptic mosquito species. | predation is a major evolutionary force driving speciation. the threat-sensitive response hypothesis predicts that prey adjust and balance the time spent on a costly antipredator response with other activities that enhance their fitness. thus, prey able to develop an antipredator response proportional to risk intensity should have a selective advantage. knowledge on how evolution has shaped threat sensitivity among closely related species exposed to different predation pressures is scarce, promp ... | 2014 | 24138173 |
| species identification and resistance status of anopheles gambiae s.l. (diptera: culicidae) mosquitoes in guinea. | insecticide resistance is one of the primary threats to the recent gains in malaria control. this is especially true in guinea, where long-lasting insecticidal nets are currently the primary vector control intervention. to better inform the national malaria control program on the current status of insecticide resistance in guinea, resistance bioassays were conducted, using anopheles gambiae s.l. giles, in three sites. molecular analyses were also done on an. gambiae s.l. to determine the species ... | 2017 | 28399224 |
| [distribution of species and kdr gene frequency among anopheles gambiae s.s. and anopheles coluzzii populations in five agricultural sites in côte d'ivoire]. | the resistance of anopheles gambiae s.l. to insecticides constitutes a concern for the programs of malaria control because it can be an obstacle to effective control of the vectors. the follow-up of this resistance is a priority to work out strategies of management and to preserve the means of that major malaria vector control activities. the general objective of this study is to identify the species within an. gambiae s.l., and to determine the frequency of the kdr gene in an. gambiae s.s. and ... | 2017 | 28357641 |
| the contribution of dietary restriction to extended longevity in the malaria vector anopheles coluzzii. | variation in longevity has long been of interest in vector biology because of its implication in disease transmission through vectorial capacity. recent studies suggest that anopheles coluzzii adults persist during the ~7 month dry season via aestivation. recently there has been a growing body of evidence linking dietary restriction and low ratio of dietary protein to carbohydrate with extended longevity of animals. here, we evaluated the effects of dietary restriction and the protein : carbohyd ... | 2017 | 28340627 |
| [the anopheles gambiae species complex and kdr resistance gene at the periphery of douala, cameroon]. | this study was conducted from may to june 2015 in yassa (industrialized area) and logbessou (non-industrialized area), two peri-urban areas of the city of douala, cameroon with the aim of an assessment of the spatial distribution of the gambiae complex, the determination of their resistance to insecticides and the distribution of the kdr mutation. mosquito larvae were collected by the dipping method and nursed to adult stage. the sensitivity of adult anopheles gambiae s.l. populations to ddt and ... | 2017 | 28303549 |
| pre-copula acoustic behaviour of males in the malarial mosquitoes anopheles coluzzii and anopheles gambiae s.s. does not contribute to reproductive isolation. | we reveal that males of two members of the anopheles gambiae s.l. species complex, anopheles coluzzii and anopheles gambiae s.s. (hereafter a. gambiae), which are both malaria vectors, perform a stereotypical acoustic behaviour in response to pure tones at frequencies that encompass the frequency range of the female's flight-tones. this behaviour resembles that described for culex quinquefasciatus and consists of phonotactic flight initiated by a steep increase in wing-beat frequency (wbf) follo ... | 2017 | 28148817 |
| the last bastion? x chromosome genotyping of anopheles gambiae species pair males from a hybrid zone reveals complex recombination within the major candidate 'genomic island of speciation'. | speciation with gene flow may be aided by reduced recombination helping to build linkage between genes involved in the early stages of reproductive isolation. reduced recombination on chromosome x has been implicated in speciation within the anopheles gambiae complex, species of which represent the major afrotropical malaria vectors. the most recently diverged, morphologically indistinguishable, species pair, a. gambiae and anopheles coluzzii, ubiquitously displays a 'genomic island of divergenc ... | 2016 | 27661465 |
| [new insight into anopheles coluzzii coetzee & wilkerson, 2013 larval ecology in the wouri estuary, littoral-cameroon]. | malaria vectors control is essentially based on the use of insecticides against adult mosquitoes. however because of the development of resistance to insecticides, there is now a renewed interest in the management of larval sources. the aim of the present study was to map and characterize the breeding sites of anopheles coluzzii in the wouri river estuary in cameroon. larval surveys were carried out between december 2013 and august 2014 in rural areas on the island of manoka and urban area in yo ... | 2016 | 27783371 |
| chromosomal inversions and ecotypic differentiation in anopheles gambiae: the perspective from whole-genome sequencing. | the molecular mechanisms and genetic architecture that facilitate adaptive radiation of lineages remain elusive. polymorphic chromosomal inversions, due to their recombination-reducing effect, are proposed instruments of ecotypic differentiation. here, we study an ecologically diversifying lineage of anopheles gambiae, known as the bamako chromosomal form based on its unique complement of three chromosomal inversions, to explore the impact of these inversions on ecotypic differentiation. we used ... | 2016 | 27759895 |
| presence of species within the anopheles gambiae complex in the democratic republic of congo. | anopheles gambiae s.l. is the primary vector of malaria in the democratic republic of congo, however, there is little data on the species from this complex present in the country. | 2016 | 27317755 |
| transcriptomic differences between euryhaline and stenohaline malaria vector sibling species in response to salinity stress. | evolution of osmoregulatory systems is a key factor in the transition of species between fresh- and saltwater habitats. anopheles coluzzii and anopheles merus are stenohaline and euryhaline malaria vector mosquitoes belonging to a larger group of sibling species, the anopheles gambiae complex, which radiated in africa within the last 2 million years. comparative ecological genomics of these vector species can provide insight into the mechanisms that permitted the rapid radiation of this species ... | 2016 | 26945667 |
| evolution of goundry, a cryptic subgroup of anopheles gambiae s.l., and its impact on susceptibility to plasmodium infection. | the recent discovery of a previously unknown genetic subgroup of anopheles gambiae sensu lato underscores our incomplete understanding of complexities of vector population demographics in anopheles. this subgroup, named goundry, does not rest indoors as adults and is highly susceptible to plasmodium infection in the laboratory. initial description of goundry suggested it differed from other known anopheles taxa in surprising and sometimes contradictory ways, raising a number of questions about i ... | 2016 | 26846876 |
| spatio-temporal variations of anopheles coluzzii and an. gambiae and their plasmodium infectivity rates in lobito, angola. | from 2003 to 2007, entomological surveys were conducted in lobito town (benguela province, angola) to determine which anopheles species were present and to identify the vectors responsible for malaria transmission in areas where workers of the sonamet company live. two types of surveys were conducted: (1) time and space surveys in the low and upper parts of lobito during the rainy and dry periods; (2) a two-year longitudinal study in sonamet workers' houses provided with long-lasting insecticide ... | 2015 | 26047198 |
| pilot study on the combination of an organophosphate-based insecticide paint and pyrethroid-treated long lasting nets against pyrethroid resistant malaria vectors in burkina faso. | a pilot study to test the efficacy of combining an organophosphate-based insecticide paint and pyrethroid-treated long lasting insecticide treated nets (llins) against pyrethroid-resistant malaria vector mosquitoes was performed in a real village setting in burkina faso. paint inesfly 5a igr™, comprised of two organophosphates (ops) and an insect growth regulator (igr), was tested in combination with pyrethroid-treated llins. efficacy was assessed in terms of mortality for 12 months using early ... | 2015 | 25959771 |
| seasonal variation in wing size and shape between geographic populations of the malaria vector, anopheles coluzzii in burkina faso (west africa). | the mosquito, anopheles coluzzii is a major vector of human malaria in africa with widespread distribution throughout the continent. the species hence populates a wide range of environments in contrasted ecological settings often exposed to strong seasonal fluctuations. in the dry savannahs of west africa, this mosquito population dynamics closely follows the pace of surface water availability: the species pullulates during the rainy season and is able to reproduce throughout the dry season in a ... | 2015 | 25579425 |
| composition of anopheles coluzzii and anopheles gambiae microbiota from larval to adult stages. | during their immature life stages, malaria mosquitoes are exposed to a wide array of microbes and contaminants from the aquatic habitats. although prior studies have suggested that environmental exposure shapes the microbial community structure in the adult mosquito, most reports have focused on laboratory-based experiments and on a single mosquito epithelium, the gut. in this study, we investigated the influence of the breeding site on the development of the anopheles coluzzii and anopheles gam ... | 2014 | 25283802 |
| modeling the seasonality of anopheles gambiae s.s. biting rates in a south benin sanitary zone. | efficient malaria vector control requires knowledge of spatio-temporal vector dynamics. we have classified village groups according to the biting rate profiles of both anopheles coluzzii and an. gambiae, the major malaria vectors in these villages. | 2014 | 24578284 |
| characterization of swarming and mating behaviour between anopheles coluzzii and anopheles melas in a sympatry area of benin. | the swarm structure of two sibling species, anopheles gambiae coluzzii and anopheles melas, was characterize to explore the ecological and environmental parameters associated with the formation of swarms and their spatial distribution. swarms and breeding sites were searched and sampled between january and december 2010, and larval and adult samples were identified by pcr. during the dry season, 456 swarms of an. gambiae s.l. were sampled from 38 swarm sites yielding a total of 23,274 males and ... | 2014 | 24113221 |
| anopheles coluzzii and anopheles amharicus, new members of the anopheles gambiae complex. | two new species within the anopheles gambiae complex are here described and named. based on molecular and bionomical evidence, the an. gambiae molecular "m form" is named anopheles coluzzii coetzee & wilkerson sp. n., while the "s form" retains the nominotypical name anopheles gambiae giles. anopheles quadriannulatus is retained for the southern african populations of this species, while the ethiopian species is named anopheles amharicus hunt, wilkerson & coetzee sp. n., based on chromosomal, cr ... | 2013 | 26131476 |
| experimental evolution to increase the efficacy of the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana against malaria mosquitoes: effects on mycelial growth and virulence. | entomopathogenic fungi such as beauveria bassiana are currently considered as a potential control agent for malaria mosquitoes. the success of such strategies depends among others on the efficacy of the fungus to kill its hosts. as b. bassiana can use various resources for growth and reproduction, increasing the dependency on mosquitoes as a nutritional source may be instrumental for reaching this goal. passage of entomopathogenic fungi through an insect host has been shown to increase its virul ... | 2017 | 28515777 |
| odours of plasmodium falciparum-infected participants influence mosquito-host interactions. | malaria parasites are thought to influence mosquito attraction to human hosts, a phenomenon that may enhance parasite transmission. this is likely mediated by alterations in host odour because of its importance in mosquito host-searching behaviour. here, we report that the human skin odour profile is affected by malaria infection. we compared the chemical composition and attractiveness to anopheles coluzzii mosquitoes of skin odours from participants that were infected by controlled human malari ... | 2017 | 28839251 |
| the use of sequential mark-release-recapture experiments to estimate population size, survival and dispersal of male mosquitoes of the anopheles gambiae complex in bana, a west african humid savannah village. | vector control is a major component of the malaria control strategy. the increasing spread of insecticide resistance has encouraged the development of new tools such as genetic control which use releases of modified male mosquitoes. the use of male mosquitoes as part of a control strategy requires an improved understanding of male mosquito biology, including the factors influencing their survival and dispersal, as well as the ability to accurately estimate the size of a target mosquito populatio ... | 2017 | 28784147 |