| neurotransmitters in the nervous system of macoma balthica (bivalvia). | the distribution of histamine-, octopamine-, gamma-aminobutyric acid- (gaba) and taurine-like immunoreactivity in the bivalve mollusc macoma balthica was studied immunocytochemically with antisera produced in rabbits. histamine levels in the ganglia and whole animals were also measured by high-performance liquid chromatography using a postcolumn derivatization method. immunoreactivity for these substances, except for taurine, is found in the central nervous system of this species. the most exten ... | 1993 | 7690786 |
| giardia duodenalis cysts of genotype a recovered from clams in the chesapeake bay subestuary, rhode river. | filter-feeding molluscan shellfish can concentrate zoonotic and anthroponotic waterborne pathogens. cysts of giardia sp. were detected by immunofluorescent antibodies in tissues of the clams macoma balthica and m. mitchelli from rhode river, a chesapeake bay (maryland) subestuary. molecular tests identified the cysts as giardia duodenalis genotype a, the most common genotype recovered from humans. macoma clams are burrowers in mud or sandy-mud substrata and preferentially feed on the surface sed ... | 1999 | 10548284 |
| fine structure of clonally propagated in vitro life stages of a perkinsus sp. isolated from the baltic clam macoma balthica. | we established monoclonal in vitro cultures of a perkinsus sp. isolated from the baltic clam macoma balthica and compared morphological features of various life stages by light and transmission electron microscopy to those of the currently accepted perkinsus species: perkinsus marinus, perkinsus olseni, perkinsus atlanticus, and perkinsus qugwadi. except that trophozoites were slightly larger than those of p. marinus, and that they underwent zoosporulation in culture, observation of our isolate ... | 2001 | 11249192 |
| description of perkinsus andrewsi n. sp. isolated from the baltic clam (macoma balthica) by characterization of the ribosomal rna locus, and development of a species-specific pcr-based diagnostic assay. | a perkinsus species was isolated from the baltic clam macoma balthica and an in vitro culture established under conditions described for p. marinus. as reported previously, morphological features remarkable enough to clearly indicate that this isolate is a distinct perkinsus species were lacking. in this study, regions of the rrna locus (nts, 18s, its1, 5.8s, and its2) of this isolate were cloned, sequenced, and compared by alignment with those available for other perkinsus species and isolates. ... | 2001 | 11249193 |
| bioaccumulation and detoxication of nodularin in tissues of flounder (platichthys flesus), mussels (mytilus edulis, dreissena polymorpha), and clams (macoma balthica) from the northern baltic sea. | cyanobacterial hepatotoxin accumulation in mussels (mytilus edulis, dreissena polymorpha), clam (macoma balthica), and flounder (platichthys flesus) tissues was measured. flounder were caught with gillnets from the western gulf of finland on 21 august 1999, 25 july 2000, and 25 august 2000. blue mussels were collected from: (1) a steel cage at a depth of 3 m on 20 august 1999, (2) an enclosure at depths of 3-5 m, and (3) an artificial reef (wreck at 25-30 m) in the western gulf of finland betwee ... | 2002 | 12568468 |
| accumulation of nodularin-like compounds from the cyanobacterium nodularia spumigena and changes in acetylcholinesterase activity in the clam macoma balthica during short-term laboratory exposure. | in this laboratory study the effects of the cyanobacterium nodularia spumigena (strain av1) that produces hepatotoxic nodularin (nodln), non-toxic nodularia sphaerocarpa (strain up16f) and purified nodln on the infaunal clam macoma balthica from the baltic sea were examined. n. sphaerocarpa (2.4 and 12.5 mg dw l(-1)), n. spumigena (4 and 20 mg dw l(-1), intracellular nodln content ca. 4 and 20 microg l(-1)) and purified nodln (10 and 50 microg l(-1)) were applied in experimental tanks at 24 h in ... | 2003 | 12878416 |
| seasonal variability in biomarkers in the bivalves mytilus edulis and macoma balthica from the northern baltic sea. | metallothionein level (mt), and acetylcholinesterase (ache), catalase (cat) and glutathione-s-transferase (gst) enzyme activities in the bivalves mytilus edulis and macoma balthica were investigated for seasonal variations from an inshore and an offshore site in the northern baltic sea. all the biomarkers showed variability, following mostly a similar pattern at both sites. relationships between biomarkers and environmental factors and protein concentration and weight of target tissues were exam ... | 2005 | 15921963 |
| molecular, morphological, and experimental evidence support the synonymy of perkinsus chesapeaki and perkinsus andrewsi. | diverse analytical and experimental results confirm that two protistan parasites, perkinsus chesapeaki and perkinsus andrewsi, described separately as parasites of mya arenaria and macoma balthica clams sympatric in chesapeake bay, usa, represent a single species. ribosomal rna (rrna) internal transcribed spacer (its) regions, rrna large subunit (lsu) gene, and actin gene sequences were obtained from clonal perkinsus spp. cultured in vitro. although multiple polymorphic sequences were found in d ... | 2005 | 15927003 |
| impacts of experimental dredged material disposal on a shallow, sublittoral macrofauna community in mecklenburg bay (western baltic sea). | an experimental disposal of dredged material was performed in june 2001 at two adjacent sites in mecklenburg bay (western baltic sea) to investigate the impacts on a sublittoral fauna community (macrozoobenthos). temporal changes in community parameters were analysed: total abundance and multidimensional scaling (mds) ordination results showed that dredged material disposal causes significant changes in benthic assemblages in comparison to the original situation before the disposal activities. t ... | 2006 | 16271727 |
| diversity and trans-arctic invasion history of mitochondrial lineages in the north atlantic macoma balthica complex (bivalvia: tellinidae). | the history of repeated inter- or transoceanic invasions in bivalve mollusks of the circumpolar macoma balthica complex was assessed from mtdna coiii sequences. the data suggest that four independent trans-arctic invasions, from the pacific, gave rise to the current lineage diversity in the north atlantic. unlike in many other prominent north atlantic littoral taxa, no evidence for (postinvasion) trans-atlantic connections was found in the m. balthica complex. the earliest branch of the mtdna tr ... | 2007 | 17439622 |
| biological uptake of polychlorinated biphenyls by macoma balthica from sediment amended with activated carbon. | this work characterizes the efficacy of activated carbon amendment in reducing polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) bioavailability to clams (macoma balthica) from field-contaminated sediment (hunters point naval shipyard, san francisco bay, ca, usa). test methods were developed for the use of clams to investigate the effects of sediment amendment on biological uptake. sediment was mixed with activated carbon for one month. bioaccumulation tests (28 d) were employed to assess the relationships between ... | 2007 | 17521146 |
| experimental cross-infections by perkinsus marinus and p. chesapeaki in three sympatric species of chesapeake bay oysters and clams. | in controlled laboratory transmission experiments, uniform doses of axenic in vitro isolate cultures of perkinsus marinus from a crassostrea virginica oyster, and of independent p. chesapeaki isolates from chesapeake bay mya arenaria and macoma balthica clams, were used to reciprocally challenge perkinsus sp.-free c. virginica, m. arenaria, and m. balthica experimental hosts. following mantle cavity inoculations, all 3 experimental hosts acquired high incidences (30 to 100%) of infections by eac ... | 2007 | 17718167 |
| molecular epizootiology of perkinsus marinus and p. chesapeaki infections among wild oysters and clams in chesapeake bay, usa. | perkinsus marinus and p. chesapeaki host ranges among wild chesapeake bay, usa, region bivalves were examined by surveying crassostrea virginica oysters and members of several sympatric clam species from 11 locations. perkinsus genus- and species-specific pcr assays were performed on dna samples from 731 molluscs, and species-specific in situ hybridization assays were performed on a selected subset of histological samples whose pcr results indicated dual or atypical perkinsus sp. infections. pcr ... | 2008 | 19244976 |
| galectin cvgal2 from the eastern oyster (crassostrea virginica) displays unique specificity for abh blood group oligosaccharides and differentially recognizes sympatric perkinsus species. | galectins are highly conserved lectins that are key to multiple biological functions, including pathogen recognition and regulation of immune responses. we previously reported that cvgal1, a galectin expressed in phagocytic cells (hemocytes) of the eastern oyster (crassostrea virginica), is hijacked by the parasite perkinsus marinus to enter the host, where it causes systemic infection and death. screening of an oyster hemocyte cdna library revealed a novel galectin, which we designated cvgal2, ... | 2015 | 26158802 |
| identification of a second rrna gene unit in the perkinsus andrewsi genome. | perkinsus species are parasitic protozoa of mollusks, currently classified within the perkinsozoa, a recently established phylum that is basal to the apicomplexa and dinozoa. ribosomal rna (rrna) genes and their intergenic spacers have been used to support the taxonomy of perkinsus species, the description of new species, and to develop molecular probes for their detection and identification. we previously described ultrastructure, behavior in culture, and partial sequence of the rrna locus of a ... | 2009 | 15134261 |
| short-term effects of reclamation of part of seal sands, teesmouth, on wintering waders and shelduck : i. shorebird diets, invertebrate densities, and the impact of predation on the invertebrates. | the invertebrate macrofauna of seal sands, teesmouth, is very limited in species composition. nereis diversicolor has a two-year life cycle; the larger size-class provides the main prey of the birds pluvialis squatarola, numenius arquata and limosa lapponica. hydrobia ulvae is an important food of p. squatarola and calidris canutus. small carcinus maenas occur in late autumn and are taken by the larger shorebirds. small macoma balthica are also taken, but are scarce and not an important bird foo ... | 1979 | 28308862 |
| ways to be different: foraging adaptations that facilitate higher intake rates in a northerly wintering shorebird compared with a low-latitude conspecific. | at what phenotypic level do closely related subspecies that live in different environments differ with respect to food detection, ingestion and processing? this question motivated an experimental study on rock sandpipers (calidris ptilocnemis). the species' nonbreeding range spans 20 deg of latitude, the extremes of which are inhabited by two subspecies: c. p. ptilocnemis that winters primarily in upper cook inlet, alaska (61°n) and c. p. tschuktschorum that overlaps slightly with c. p. ptilocne ... | 2015 | 25714569 |
| ambient fauna impairs parasite transmission in a marine parasite-host system. | to understand possible factors controlling transmission of trematode larvae between first and second intermediate hosts we examined the impact of ambient fauna on parasite transmission in a marine intertidal parasite-host association. cockle hosts (cerastoderma edule) kept together with selected co-occurring macrozoobenthic species in mesocosms acquired a lower parasite load compared to cockles kept alone, when targeted by cercariae of the trematode himasthla elongata. the reduction of parasite ... | 2008 | 18561867 |
| estimation of density-dependent mortality of juvenile bivalves in the wadden sea. | we investigated density-dependent mortality within the early months of life of the bivalves macoma balthica (baltic tellin) and cerastoderma edule (common cockle) in the wadden sea. mortality is thought to be density-dependent in juvenile bivalves, because there is no proportional relationship between the size of the reproductive adult stocks and the numbers of recruits for both species. it is not known however, when exactly density dependence in the pre-recruitment phase occurs and how prevalen ... | 2014 | 25105293 |
| the role of environmental variables in structuring landscape-scale species distributions in seafloor habitats. | ongoing statistical sophistication allows a shift from describing species' spatial distributions toward statistically disentangling the possible roles of environmental variables in shaping species distributions. based on a landscape-scale benthic survey in the dutch wadden sea, we show the merits of spatially explicit generalized estimating equations (gee). the intertidal macrozoobenthic species, macoma balthica, cerastoderma edule, marenzelleria viridis, scoloplos armiger, corophium volutator, ... | 2010 | 20583700 |
| anaerobic survival potential of four bivalves from different habitats. a comparative survey. | a comparative survey of the anaerobic survival potential of four different bivalve species and the interference of associated bacteria has been carried out. individuals from both subtidal and intertidal environments were considered by selecting the following species: mytilus edulis (subtidal epifaunal), spisula subtruncata (subtidal infaunal), macoma balthica (intertidal infaunal) and cerastoderma edule (intertidal infaunal). anaerobiosis was simulated in the laboratory by subjecting individuals ... | 2008 | 18593601 |
| observations on the effects of barite on the gill tissues of the suspension feeder cerastoderma edule (linné) and the deposit feeder macoma balthica (linné). | barite, an important component of offshore drilling muds, is shown to adversely affect the ctenidia of the suspension feeding bivalve, cerastoderma edule and the deposit feeder, macoma balthica. sem observations showed that exposure to barite caused cilia to shorten and coagulate, and, in some extreme cases, cause the disintegration of the gill structure itself. using a simple ciliary condition index (cci) the impact of the barite was quantified and damage rates expressed. the bivalves were trea ... | 2001 | 11382987 |
| high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of the imino acids (opines) meso-alanopine and d-strombine in muscle extract of invertebrates. | a sensitive hplc method is presented for the determination of the imino acids alanopine and strombine, anaerobic metabolites that are formed in muscle tissue of several species of invertebrates. the separation of alanopine and strombine was achieved using the alltech oa 2000 cation-exchange column. the analysis of the two opines does not require any complicated derivatization and can be performed in a ph neutralized sulphuric acid solution. the sensitivity of this method is in the range of 100 p ... | 1996 | 8930767 |
| the accumulation of metals and their toxicity in the marine intertidal invertebrates cerastoderma edule, macoma balthica, arenicola marina exposed to pulverised fuel ash in mesocosms. | in order to investigate the accumulation of metals and related biological effects from pulverized fuel ash (pfa), three intertidal benthic invertebrates were used in exposure studies with different mixtures of pfa sediments. after the first run of 90 days, high mortality was found in the lugworm arenicola marina. after intermittent exposure to pfa, high mortality was also found for the cockle cerastoderma edule. no mortality occurred with the baltic tellin macoma balthica. metal accumulation dif ... | 1990 | 15092243 |
| | 1. on the coast of florida subtropical lamellibranchs exposed in the tidal region demonstrate a cellular heat resistance which is about 6-7° c higher than in boreal species on the german coast of the north sea. 2. geographically separated populations of the same species, (crassostrea virginica from cape cod and florida, mytilus edulis and macoma balthica from both sides of the atlantic), show only small differences of their cellular heat resistance. thus, no genetically fixed distinctions may be ... | 1972 | 28307202 |
| edna and specific primers for early detection of invasive species--a case study on the bivalve rangia cuneata, currently spreading in europe. | intense human activities facilitate the successful spread and establishment of non-indigenous aquatic organisms in marine and freshwater ecosystems. in some cases such intrusions result in noticeable and adverse changes in the recipient environments. in the baltic sea, the discovery and rapid initial spread of the north american wedge clam rangia cuneata represents a new wave of invasion which may trigger unpredictable changes of the local benthic communities. in this study we present a species- ... | 2015 | 26453004 |
| effects of settling organic matter on the bioaccumulation of cadmium and bde-99 by baltic sea benthic invertebrates. | settling organic matter (om) is the major food source for heterotrophic benthic fauna. the high sorption affinity of many contaminants for om implies that om can influence both the distribution and bioavailability of contaminants. here, we experimentally examine the role of settling om of various nutritional qualities on the bioaccumulation of cadmium and the flame retardant bde-99 by three benthic invertebrates; macoma balthica, monoporeia affinis and marenzelleria sp. contaminants were associa ... | 2008 | 18155760 |
| arsenic in benthic bivalves of san francisco bay and the sacramento/san joaquin river delta. | arsenic concentrations were determined in fine-grained, oxidized, surface sediments and in two benthic bivalves, corbicula sp. and macoma balthica, within san francisco bay, the sacramento/san joaquin river delta, and selected rivers not influenced by urban or industrial activity. arsenic concentrations in all samples were characteristic of values reported for uncontaminated estuaries. small temporal fluctuations and low arsenic concentrations in bivalves and sediments suggest that most inputs o ... | 1990 | 2084842 |