| bat population genetics and lyssavirus presence in great britain. | summarymost lyssaviruses appear to have bat species as reservoir hosts. in europe, of around 800 reported cases in bats, most were of european bat lyssavirus type 1 (eblv-1) in eptesicus serotinus (where the bat species was identified). about 20 cases of eblv-2 were recorded, and these were in myotis daubentonii and m. dasycneme. through a passive surveillance scheme, britain reports about one case a year of eblv-2, but no cases of the more prevalent eblv-1. an analysis of e. serotinus and m. da ... | 2010 | 21205436 |
| surveillance for european bat lyssavirus in swiss bats. | most countries in western europe are currently free of rabies in terrestrial mammals. nevertheless, rabies remains a residual risk to public health due to the natural circulation of bat-specific viruses, such as european bat lyssaviruses (eblvs). european bat lyssavirus types 1 and 2 (eblv-1 and eblv-2) are widely distributed throughout europe, but little is known of their true prevalence and epidemiology. we report that only three out of 837 brains taken from bats submitted to the swiss rabies ... | 2010 | 20803042 |
| targeted surveillance for european bat lyssaviruses in english bats (2003-06). | in 2003-06, targeted (active) surveillance for european bat lyssaviruses (eblvs) was undertaken throughout england, focusing on two species most likely to host these viruses, myotis daubentonii and eptesicus serotinus. blood was sampled for the detection of eblv-specific neutralizing antibodies and oropharyngeal swabs were taken for the detection of viral rna or infectious virus in saliva. between 2003 and 2006, 273 e. serotinus and 363 m. daubentonii blood samples were tested by the eblv-1 or e ... | 2009 | 19901379 |
| experimental infection of serotine bats (eptesicus serotinus) with european bat lyssavirus type 1a. | the serotine bat (eptesicus serotinus) accounts for the vast majority of bat rabies cases in europe and is considered the main reservoir for european bat lyssavirus type 1 (eblv-1, genotype 5). however, so far the disease has not been investigated in its native host under experimental conditions. to assess viral virulence, dissemination and probable means of transmission, captive bats were infected experimentally with an eblv-1a virus isolated from a naturally infected conspecific from germany. ... | 2009 | 19515825 |
| public health risk analysis of european bat lyssavirus infection in the netherlands. | we present the frequency and the nature of contact incidents of the serotine bat, eptesicus serotinus, with humans and with companion animals (specifically cats and dogs), in the netherlands between 2000 and 2005. out of 17 bats in bite contact with humans, five tested positive for european bat lyssavirus (eblv) type 1a. cats had the most numerous contacts with bats (49 times) but a relatively low number of these bats were eblv positive (six times). we estimated that the average incidence of hum ... | 2009 | 18205973 |
| [bat rabies in europe and the czech republic]. | in 2005, six children were treated in our department who had been in contact with a bat infected with european bat lyssavirus 1 (ebl1). in the czech republic, this was the first confirmed case of rabies since 2002, but the fourth case of bat rabies since 1994. all the cases were related to southern moravia and bat species which almost do not migrate. this suggests only endemic prevalence of ebl1 in this country. bat rabies is different from rabies in terrestic mammals. based on genetic analyses, ... | 2007 | 17703400 |
| public health awareness of emerging zoonotic viruses of bats: a european perspective. | bats classified in the order chiroptera are the most abundant and widely distributed non-human mammalian species in the world. several bat species are reservoir hosts of zoonotic viruses and therefore can be a public health hazard. lyssaviruses of different genotypes have emerged from bats in america (genotype 1 rabies virus; rabv), europe (european bat lyssavirus; eblv), and australia (australian bat lyssavirus; ablv), whereas nipah virus is the most important recent zoonosis of bat origin in a ... | 2006 | 17187565 |
| epidemiology of bat rabies in germany. | rabies in european bats was first reported in germany in 1954. in concordance with denmark and the netherlands, germany has reported one of the highest numbers (n = 187) of european bat lyssavirus (eblv)-positive cases in bats in europe so far (1954-2005). a combined descriptive epidemiological and phylogenetic analysis on bat rabies and prevailing eblvs is presented, comprising the past 50 years. so far, only the two lineages of eblv-1 (genotype 5), a and b, have been detected. although only 50 ... | 2007 | 17066249 |
| bat rabies surveillance in france, from 1989 through may 2005. | in france, the passive surveillance of lyssaviruses in bats started in 1989, with the first positive case found in the east of the country. in 2000, the french bat rabies surveillance network in france was improved on the basis of the one used for the surveillance of fox rabies. the objectives of this network are to improve bat rabies surveillance by increasing the number of specimens and to provide an estimation of rabies incidence in bat populations across the country. the surveillance network ... | 2006 | 16878486 |
| european bat lyssaviruses, the netherlands. | to study european bat lyssavirus (eblv) in bat reservoirs in the netherlands, native bats have been tested for rabies since 1984. for all collected bats, data including species, age, sex, and date and location found were recorded. a total of 1,219 serotine bats, eptesicus serotinus, were tested, and 251 (21%) were positive for lyssavirus antigen. five (4%) of 129 specimens from the pond bat, myotis dasycneme, were positive. recently detected eblv rna segments encoding the nucleoprotein were sequ ... | 2005 | 16485470 |
| genetic analysis of european bat lyssavirus type 1 isolates from france. | european bat lyssavirus type 1a (eblv-1a) was first identified in central france from a serotine bat (eptesicus serotinus) collected at the end of 2002. rabies was diagnosed by reference rabies diagnosis methods and molecular tools. phylogenetic analysis of 14 viral isolates obtained from french bats infected with eblv-1 between 1989 and the end of 2002 against 47 nucleoprotein sequences showed a north-west to east distribution of eblv-1a virus and a south to north distribution of eblv-1b virus, ... | 2004 | 15160845 |
| characterisation of a recently isolated lyssavirus in frugivorous zoo bats. | in july 1997 a lyssavirus was isolated in denmark from a colony of egyptian flying foxes (rousettus aegyptiacus) originating from a dutch zoo. sequencing of a 400 nucleotides coding region of the nucleoprotein and of a major part of the g-protein ectodomain encoding region of the newly isolated virus, revealed a very high similarity with european bat lyssavirus subtype 1a (ebl-1a). for characterisation of the recently isolated lyssavirus in frugivorous zoo bats, 16 frugivorous bats (rousettus ae ... | 2000 | 11043951 |
| ten-year survey of british bats for the existence of rabies. | in 1985, a notable increase in the number of recorded cases of rabies in european bats was observed, indicating a possible spread of the rabies virus in these bats. because of concern that the disease could be introduced into the united kingdom by bats crossing from mainland europe, a programme of screening dead bats for the presence of rabies and rabies-related viruses was initiated at the rabies research and diagnostic unit at the central veterinary laboratory. over a period of 10 years (janua ... | 1996 | 8950819 |
| lyssavirus in eptesicus serotinus (chiroptera: vespertilionidae). | to determine the prevalence of european bat lyssavirus 1 (ebl1), antibodies plasma samples were obtained from 175 serotine bats (eptesicus serotinus) from four colonies in southern spain between september of 1991 and september 1992. five bats were detected with ebl1 virus in one colony in 1989. the prevalence of antibodies rose to 74% in one of the colonies studied (villarrasa) in the spring of 1992. after a few months the prevalence declined to under 10%. individuals with a high antibody level ... | 1995 | 8592359 |
| a reduced panel of anti-nucleocapsid monoclonal antibodies for bat rabies virus identification in europe. | a reduced panel of 4 anti-nucleocapsid monoclonal antibodies (mab) was set up to distinguish viruses of terrestrial mammal origin from viruses of bat origin in europe. four additional mab were necessary to identify each one of the four serotypes of lyssavirus. these 8 mab were selected out of 25 mab secreted by hybridomas obtained from mice immunized with either serotype 1 lyssavirus (rabies virus pv4) or serotype 3 lyssavirus (mokola). they were screened with 32 viruses representative of the fo ... | 1990 | 2277871 |
| antigenic and molecular characterization of bat rabies virus in europe. | the predominant role of eptesicus serotinus in the epizootic of bat rabies in europe was further outlined by the first isolation of the rabies virus from this species in france. the distribution of the virus was studied in naturally infected e. serotinus bats at the time of death and suggested that the papillae of the tongue and the respiratory mucosa may play a role in virus production and excretion. the analysis of 501 french rabies virus isolates from various animal species by antinucleocapsi ... | 1992 | 1401009 |
| favourable outcome in a patient bitten by a rabid bat infected with the european bat lyssavirus-1. | the classic rabies virus (genotype 1) has been eliminated in western europe, but related lyssaviruses still circulate in local bats. in august 2010, a belgian photographer was bitten upon provocation of a disoriented eptesicus serotinus bat in spain. the bat was infected with european bat lyssavirus-1 (genotype 5). the isolate proved highly neurovirulent in mice. the patient had received preventive rabies immunisations years before the incident and received two boosters with the hdcv rabies vacc ... | 2016 | 23627196 |
| insights into persistence mechanisms of a zoonotic virus in bat colonies using a multispecies metapopulation model. | rabies is a worldwide zoonosis resulting from lyssavirus infection. in europe, eptesicus serotinus is the most frequently reported bat species infected with lyssavirus, and thus considered to be the reservoir of european bat lyssavirus type 1 (eblv-1). to date, the role of other bat species in eblv-1 epidemiology and persistence remains unknown. here, we built an eblv-1-transmission model based on local observations of a three-cave and four-bat species (myotis capaccinii, myotis myotis, miniopte ... | 2014 | 24755619 |
| seroprevalence dynamics of european bat lyssavirus type 1 in a multispecies bat colony. | we report an active surveillance study of the occurrence of specific antibodies to european bat lyssavirus type 1 (eblv-1) in bat species, scarcely studied hitherto, that share the same refuge. from 2004 to 2012, 406 sera were obtained from nine bat species. blood samples were subjected to a modified fluorescent antibody virus neutralization test to determine the antibody titer. eblv-1-neutralizing antibodies were detected in six of the nine species analyzed (pipistrellus pipistrellus, p. kuhlii ... | 2014 | 25192547 |
| population genetic structure of serotine bats (eptesicus serotinus) across europe and implications for the potential spread of bat rabies (european bat lyssavirus eblv-1). | understanding of the movements of species at multiple scales is essential to appreciate patterns of population connectivity and in some cases, the potential for pathogen transmission. the serotine bat (eptesicus serotinus) is a common and widely distributed species in europe where it frequently harbours european bat lyssavirus type 1 (eblv-1), a virus causing rabies and transmissible to humans. in the united kingdom, it is rare, with a distribution restricted to south of the country and so far t ... | 2015 | 25832817 |