| [isolation of highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) a/5h5n1 strains from wild birds in the epizootic outbreak on the ubsu-nur lake (june 2006) and their incorporation to the russian federation state collection of viruses (july 3, 2006)]. | virological and molecular genetic studies of the field material collected in the epicenter of epizooty with high mortality rates among the wild birds on the coast of the ubsu-nur lake (republic of tyva, 51 degrees nl, 93 degrees el, june 2006) revealed the etiological role of highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n1. seven hpai/h5n1 strains were isolated from the tracheal/cloacal swabs of clinically healthy, ill and recently dead great-crested grebes (podiceps cristatus), cormorants (phalac ... | 2006 | 17214076 |
| avian influenza in wild waterfowl and shorebirds in the donana national park: serological survey using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | the indirect elisa was used to detect antibodies to influenzavirus a in the sera of wildfowl from the donana national park. of the 712 birds examined, 44 (6.2%) were seropositive. positive birds belonged to 10 of the 13 species studied. infection rates varied widely: spoonbill (platalea leucorodia, 32.2%), mallard (anas platyrhynchos, 9.9%), gadwall (anas strepera, 8.6%), red-crested pochard (netta rufina, 8.1%), pochard (aythya ferina, 6.4%), shoveler (anas clypeata, 5%), great crested grebe (p ... | 1994 | 18671098 |
| [surveillance of wild birds for avian influenza a virus (aiv) in bavaria in the years 2007 and 2008]. | a monitoring programme has been initiated in bavaria to continuously control wild birds for the presence of avian influenza a virus (aiv) and to monitor the possible occurrence and accumulation of notifiable aiv subtypes as an early-warning system. in addition information about the regional, seasonal and species-specific distribution of aiv could be obtained. between july 2007 and december 2008 samples from 5864 wild birds of twelve different zoological orders had been collected (cloacal- and tr ... | 2009 | 19999383 |
| biological and genetic characterization of a low-pathogenicity avian influenza h6n2 virus originating from a healthy eurasian coot. | influenza a virus, a/eurasian coot/western australia/2727/79 (h6n2), from an apparently healthy coot was characterized. this virus was able to grow on mdck cells and produce a cytopathic effect in the absence of exogenous trypsin and was further characterized as a low-pathogenicity avian influenza virus, with an intravenous pathogenicity index of 0.15 and a (321)pqaetrg(328) motif at the cleavage site of the haemagglutinin gene. it infected domestic chickens, resulting in seroconversion and inte ... | 2010 | 20112121 |
| ultrasonic synthetic technique to manufacture a phema nanopolymeric-based vaccine against the h6n2 avian influenza virus: a preliminary investigation. | this preliminary study investigated the use of poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (phema) nanoparticles for the delivery of the deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) vaccine pcag-hak, which expresses the full length hemagglutinin (ha) gene of the avian influenza a/eurasian coot/western australian/2727/1979 (h6n2) virus with a kozak sequence which is in the form of a pcaggs vector. the loaded and unloaded nanoparticles were characterized using field-emission scanning electron microscopy. further characteri ... | 2011 | 22114480 |
| surveillance for avian influenza virus in wild birds in poland, 2008-15. | we tested wild birds in poland during 2008-15 for avian influenza virus (aiv). we took 10,312 swabs and feces samples from 6,314 live birds representing 12 orders and 84 bird species, mostly from orders anseriformes and charadriiformes, for testing and characterization by various pcr methods. from pcr-positive samples, we attempted to isolate and subtype the virus. the rna of aiv was detected in 1.8% (95% confidence interval [ci], 1.5-2.1%) of birds represented by 48 mallards ( anas platyrhyncho ... | 2017 | 28094608 |
| highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (h5n8) clade 2.3.4.4 infection in migratory birds, egypt. | we isolated highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (h5n8) of clade 2.3.4.4 from the common coot (fulica atra) in egypt, documenting its introduction into africa through migratory birds. this virus has a close genetic relationship with subtype h5n8 viruses circulating in europe. enhanced surveillance to detect newly emerging viruses is warranted. | 2017 | 28518040 |
| multiple introductions of reassorted highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (h5n8) clade 2.3.4.4b causing outbreaks in wild birds and poultry in egypt. | recently, an increased incidence of outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n8 in poultry linked to infected migratory birds has been reported from different european, asian and african countries. in egypt, incursion of hpai h5n8 virus of clade 2.3.4.4b has been recently registered. full genomic characterization of 3 virus isolates from wild birds and poultry (backyard and commercial farm sectors) showed high nucleotide similarity among the ha, na, m, and ns gene segments of the ... | 2018 | 29248796 |
| meteorological factors affecting the risk of transmission of hpai in miyazaki, japan. | highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) outbreaks engender a severe economic impact on the poultry industry and public health. migratory waterfowl are considered the natural hosts of hpai virus, and hpai viruses are known to be transmitted over long distances during seasonal bird migration. bird migration is greatly affected by the weather. many studies have shown the relationship between either autumn or spring bird migration and climate. however, few studies have shown the relationship betwee ... | 2019 | 31565229 |
| efficacy of clade 2.3.2 h5-recombinant baculovirus vaccine in protecting muscovy and pekin ducks from clade 2.3.4.4 h5n8 highly pathogenic avian influenza infection. | in late 2016, a highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) virus subtype h5n8 clade 2.3.4.4 was reported in egypt in migratory birds; subsequently, the virus spread to backyard and commercial poultry in several egyptian governorates, causing severe economic losses to the poultry industry. here, a recombinant subunit commercial h5 vaccine prepared from the clade 2.3.2 h5 segment on baculovirus was evaluated in pekin ducks (anasplatyrhynchos domesticus) and muscovy ducks (cairina moschata) in biosaf ... | 2019 | 31713400 |