| molecular analysis of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus of subtype h5n1 isolated from wild birds and mammals in northern germany. | analysis of the full-length sequences of all eight segments of the german wild-bird h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus index isolate, a/cygnus cygnus/germany/r65/2006, and an h5n1 isolate from a cat (a/cat/germany/r606/2006) obtained during an outbreak in february 2006 revealed a very high similarity between these two sequences. one amino acid substitution in the pa gene, encoding a protein involved in virus rna replication, and one amino acid substitution in the haemagglutinin (ha) pr ... | 2007 | 17251574 |
| pathology of natural infections by h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in mute (cygnus olor) and whooper (cygnus cygnus) swans. | mortality in wild aquatic birds due to infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (hpaiv) is a rare event. during the recent outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza in germany, mortality due to h5n1 hpaiv was observed among mute and whooper swans as part of a rapid spread of this virus. in contrast to earlier reports, swans appeared to be highly susceptible and represented the mainly affected species. we report gross and histopathology and distribution of influenza virus anti ... | 2007 | 17317790 |
| distribution of lesions and antigen of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus a/swan/germany/r65/06 (h5n1) in domestic cats after presumptive infection by wild birds. | in early 2006, the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv) h5n1 of the asian lineage caused the death of wild aquatic birds in northern germany. in the mainly affected areas, a trans-species transmission of hpaiv h5n1 to mammals occurred between birds and domestic cats and 1 stone marten (martes foina), respectively. here, we report lesions and distribution of influenza virus antigen in 3 cats infected naturally with hpaiv h5n1 a/swan/germany/r65/06. the hemagglutinin partial nucleotide ... | 2007 | 17491066 |
| [epizooty caused by high-virulent influenza virus a/h5n1 of genotype 2.2 (qinghai-siberian) among wild and domestic birds on the paths of fall migrations to the north-western part of the azov sea basin (krasnodar territory)]. | isolation, followed by the sequencing the full-size genome of strains of a/chicken/krasnodarl300/07 and a/cygnus cygnus/krasnodar/329/07, has shown that they belong to genotype 2.2 (qinghai-siberian). the strains were deposited at the state virus collection of the russian federation and nucleotide consequences were at the international databank genbank. the strains contained 10 unique amino acid replacements in reference to the consensus of the qinghai-siberian genotype in the pb2, pa, ha, na, a ... | 2008 | 18450104 |
| highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (h5n1) in experimentally infected adult mute swans. | adult, healthy mute swans were experimentally infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus a/cygnus cygnus/germany/r65/2006 subtype h5n1. immunologically naive birds died, whereas animals with preexisting, naturally acquired avian influenza virus-specific antibodies became infected asymptomatically and shed virus. adult mute swans are highly susceptible, excrete virus, and can be clinically protected by preexposure immunity. | 2008 | 18680652 |
| efficacy of a commercial inactivated h5 influenza vaccine against highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 in waterfowl evaluated under field conditions. | highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv) can cause devastating losses in the poultry industry. in addition, several hpaiv exhibit a zooanthroponotic potential and can cause fatal infections in humans. these attributes particularly apply to hpaiv h5n1 of asian origin. due to the absence of overt clinical symptoms, introduction and subsequent spread of hpaiv h5n1 in domestic waterfowl (especially ducks) may occur undetected, which increases the risk of transspecies transmissions to highly v ... | 2009 | 19618632 |
| pathology of whooper swans (cygnus cygnus) infected with h5n1 avian influenza virus in akita, japan, in 2008. | two (1 adult and 1 young bird) of 4 h5n1-highly-pathogenic-avian-influenza (hpai)-virus-infected whooper swans in akita, japan, in 2008 were investigated pathologically. macroscopically, white spots with hemorrhages were scattered in the pancreas in the adult bird. histologically, the adult bird had severe necrotizing pancreatitis and mild nonpurulent encephalitis. the young bird had severe nonpurulent encephalitis and nonpurulent enteric ganglionitis, and intestinal venous wall thickening. viru ... | 2009 | 19887746 |
| characterization of low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses isolated from wild birds in mongolia 2005 through 2007. | since the emergence of h5n1 high pathogenicity (hp) avian influenza virus (aiv) in asia, numerous efforts worldwide have focused on elucidating the relative roles of wild birds and domestic poultry movement in virus dissemination. in accordance with this a surveillance program for aiv in wild birds was conducted in mongolia from 2005-2007. an important feature of mongolia is that there is little domestic poultry production in the country, therefore aiv detection in wild birds would not likely be ... | 2009 | 19891786 |
| [highly pathogenic avian influenza and wild birds]. | highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv) subtype h5n1 prevails worldwide and causes serious problems in poultry industry. the virus is also known as one of the most important zoonotic agents derived from avian species. because many bird species other than poultry such as chicken and duck are susceptible for hpaiv infection, wild birds are thought to play an important role in distribution and transmission of the virus. however, the ecological role of wild birds as a reservoir of hpaiv in n ... | 2009 | 19927989 |
| antigenic, genetic, and pathogenic characterization of h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated from dead whooper swans (cygnus cygnus) found in northern japan in 2008. | in april and may 2008, whooper swans (cygnus cygnus) were found dead in hokkaido in japan. in this study, an adult whooper swan found dead beside lake saroma was pathologically examined and the identified h5n1 influenza virus isolates were genetically and antigenically analyzed. pathological findings indicate that the swan died of severe congestive edema in the lungs. phylogenetic analysis of the ha genes of the isolates revealed that they are the progeny viruses of isolates from poultry and wil ... | 2010 | 20848174 |
| neurotropism in blackcaps (sylvia atricapilla) and red-billed queleas (quelea quelea) after highly pathogenic avian influenza virus h5n1 infection. | the epidemiologic role of passerine birds in the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv) remains controversial. however, confirmed natural infections with hpaiv in passeriformes, their close contact to poultry and humans, and their role as a human food source indicate a need for increased research on passerines. to date, there are only a few studies on viral shedding and pathomorphologic changes in songbirds infected with hpaiv. to investigate susceptibility, clinical outcome, ... | 2010 | 20974871 |
| identification of two novel reassortant avian influenza a (h5n6) viruses in whooper swans in korea, 2016. | on november 20, 2016 two novel strains of h5n6 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaivs) were isolated from three whooper swans (cygnus cygnus) at gangjin bay in south jeolla province, south korea. identification of hpaivs in wild birds is significant as there is a potential risk of transmission of these viruses to poultry and humans. | 2017 | 28327168 |
| antibodies to influenza a virus in wild birds across mongolia, 2006-2009. | wild waterbirds sampled july 2006-september 2009 in mongolia were tested for antibodies to avian influenza (ai) virus with the use of a commercially available blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. antibodies were detected in 25% (572/2,282) of tested birds representing 26 species, and all antibody-positive samples were from 12 species in the orders anseriformes and charadriiformes. the highest antibody prevalence was in ruddy shelducks (tadorna ferruginea; 61.7%; n=261; 95% confidence inte ... | 2012 | 22740544 |