| isolation of influenza a viruses from migratory waterfowls in san-in district, western japan, in the winter of 1982-1983. | from november 1982 to march 1983, winter migratory waterfowls of some species staying in san-in district, western japan, were surveyed for influenza virus at five stations. a total of eight influenza a viruses were isolated from 354 faeces samples of whistling swans; in contrast, no virus was isolated from any sample of 261 black-tailed gulls, of 113 pintails and of 10 mallards. five of eight isolates belonged to human pandemic subtype h2n2, two isolates belonged to fowl plague subtype h7n7, and ... | 1987 | 2891283 |
| intracerebral pathogenicity for chickens of avian influenza viruses isolated from free-living waterfowl in japan. | the pathogenicity for chickens of 91 strains of avian influenza a virus isolated from such free-living waterfowl as whistling swan, pintail, tufted duck, mallard and black-tailed gull in japan was tested. the majority of the virus strains infected and were pathogenic for the chickens. the virulence of these viruses seemed not to be as high as that of fowl plague virus. there were no significant differences in the intracerebral index score among the viruses belonging to the same subtype, irrespec ... | 1988 | 3232319 |
| isolation of influenza a viruses from migratory waterfowls in san-in district, western japan in winters of 1980-1982. | in the two winters of 1980-1982, we surveyed migratory waterfowl of some species staying in san-in district, western japan for influenza virus at a few stations. from november 1980 to april 1981, only two strains of influenza virus, h13n1 and h11n6 subtypes, were isolated from 465 fecal samples from pintails but none from 255 samples from whistling swans nor from 625 black-tailed gulls. from november 1981 to march 1982, 17 viruses were isolated from 1156 fecal samples. fourteen viruses, 10 h7n3, ... | 1987 | 3673333 |
| isolation of influenza a viruses from migratory waterfowl in san-in district, western japan in the winter of 1983-1984. | certain species of winter migratory waterfowl in san-in district, western japan, were surveyed for influenza virus from november 1983 to march 1984. faeces of the waterfowl were collected regularly at five stations. eleven influenza a viruses including h5n3 and h10n4 subtypes were isolated from 450 faecal samples from whistling swans, 28 viruses including h2n2 and h10n4 subtypes were isolated from 362 faecal samples from pintails; and subtype h13n6 was isolated from 240 faecal samples of black-t ... | 1987 | 3685630 |
| pathogenicity for chickens of avian influenza viruses isolated from whistling swans and a black-tailed gull in japan. | we isolated 24 hav1 neq1 and 18 hav6 nav3 influenza viruses from such free-living wild waterfowl as whistling swans, black-tailed gulls, and tufted ducks in western japan in 1980. two hav1 neq1 viruses isolated from a whistling swan and a black-tailed gull and a hav6 nav3 virus from a whistling swan were examined for their pathogenicity for chickens. five-week-old specific-pathogen-free chickens were inoculated with the viruses intratracheally or intraperitoneally. virus was recovered successful ... | 1982 | 6213223 |
| isolation of influenza a viruses from migratory waterfowls in san-in district, western japan in 1979-1980. | from december, 1979 to april, 1980, winter migratory waterfowls of some species staying in san-in district, western japan were surveyed for influenza virus. a total of 27 influenza a viruses, 11 hav1 neq1 and 16 hav6 nav3, were isolated from 90 fecal specimens of whistling swans. a total of 13 influenza a viruses, 11 hav1 neq1 and one hav6 nav3, were isolated from 245 fecal samples of black-tailed gulls. two viruses (hav1 neq1) were isolated from 40 tufted ducks. sampling date, incidence and the ... | 1981 | 7324612 |
| enhanced neuropathogenicity of avian influenza a virus by passages through air sac and brain of chicks. | three-day-old, specific-pathogen-free (spf) chicks were inoculated with the strains of influenza a/whistling swan/shimane/ 499/83 (h5n3) via the air sac route. the strains had been passaged through air sacs or air sacs and brains of spf chicks. two experiments were undertaken to examine the pathogenicity of these strains and the development of brain lesions based on time-interval changes. in experiment 1, original strain (4e) showed low pathogenicity with mild respiratory signs and zero mortalit ... | 1997 | 9101471 |
| avian influenza a virus induced stunting syndrome-like disease in chicks. | two-day-old specific-pathogen free chicks were inoculated with type a influenza virus (a/whistling swan/shimane/499/83 (h5n3) through the air sac. inoculated chicks showed mild to severe diarrhea and lesions of pancreatitis and atrophy of the pancreas, thymus and bursa of fabricius. one chick died on each of days 4, 6 and 14 postinoculation (pi). reduced weight gain was conspicuous from day 22 pi. positive immunoreaction to the virus antigen was detected in the pancreas, kidneys, liver, lungs an ... | 1997 | 9101480 |
| isolation of myxoviruses from migratory waterfowls in san-in district, western japan in winters of 1997-2000. | between november 1997 and february 2000, winter migratory waterfowls of several species staying in san-in district, western japan were surveyed for influenza a virus and paramyxovirus at four stations. a total of 18 influenza a viruses was isolated from 1,404 fecal samples of whistling swans, pintails, mallards, and white-fronted geese. five different hemagglutinins and eight neuraminidases were identified in the viruses isolated, in 11 different combinations, including h7n8 related to a subtype ... | 2002 | 12499693 |
| outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza in japan and anti-influenza virus activity of povidone-iodine products. | on january 12, 2004, an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza, caused by the h5n1 strain, occurred in a one-layer flock in yamaguchi prefecture, japan. it had been 79 years since the last outbreak of avian influenza was confirmed in japan. by february, 3 additional outbreaks had occurred (1 in oita prefecture and 2 in kyoto prefecture). influenza viruses are enveloped viruses and are relatively sensitive to inactivation by lipid solvents, such as detergents. infectivity is also rapidly d ... | 2006 | 16490988 |
| [highly pathogenic avian influenza--monitoring of migratory waterfowl]. | since 1979, the group belonging to departments of veterinary microbiology, veterinary public health and the avian zoonoses research centre, faculty of agriculture, tottori university is continuing isolation of avian influenza virus from such migratory waterfowls as whistling swan, pintail and tufted dugs flying from siberia and/or northern china. they have already isolated many interesting influenza viruses. serotype of the isolates is various; some h5 and h7 and human types of viruses were also ... | 2006 | 17037371 |
| hampered foraging and migratory performance in swans infected with low-pathogenic avian influenza a virus. | it is increasingly acknowledged that migratory birds, notably waterfowl, play a critical role in the maintenance and spread of influenza a viruses. in order to elucidate the epidemiology of influenza a viruses in their natural hosts, a better understanding of the pathological effects in these hosts is required. here we report on the feeding and migratory performance of wild migratory bewick's swans (cygnus columbianus bewickii yarrell) naturally infected with low-pathogenic avian influenza (lpai ... | 2007 | 17264886 |
| pathogenesis of pancreatic atrophy by avian influenza a virus infection. | specific-pathogen-free (spf), 2-day-old chicks were inoculated with type a influenza virus (a/whistling swan/shimane/499/83/(h5n3)) into their caudal thoracic air sac. the original isolate of the virus was of low virulence (icpi 0. 20 to 0.40), and was passaged 10 times through the respiratory organs of spf chicks. most of the chicks inoculated with the passaged virus (strain 499) showed respiratory and alimentary signs. three of 30 chicks died on days 2, 6 and 7 post-inoculation (p.i.). almost ... | 1995 | 18645819 |
| effects of influenza a virus infection on migrating mallard ducks. | the natural reservoir of influenza a virus is waterfowl, particularly dabbling ducks (genus anas). although it has long been assumed that waterfowl are asymptomatic carriers of the virus, a recent study found that low-pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) infection in bewick's swans (cygnus columbianus bewickii) negatively affected stopover time, body mass and feeding behaviour. in the present study, we investigated whether lpai infection incurred ecological or physiological costs to migratory malla ... | 2009 | 19129127 |
| host behaviour and physiology underpin individual variation in avian influenza virus infection in migratory bewick's swans. | individual variation in infection modulates both the dynamics of pathogens and their impact on host populations. it is therefore crucial to identify differential patterns of infection and understand the mechanisms responsible. yet our understanding of infection heterogeneity in wildlife is limited, even for important zoonotic host-pathogen systems, owing to the intractability of host status prior to infection. using novel applications of stable isotope ecology and eco-immunology, we distinguish ... | 2011 | 21733894 |
| inactivation of high and low pathogenic avian influenza virus h5 subtypes by copper ions incorporated in zeolite-textile materials. | the effect of cotton textiles containing cu(2+) held by zeolites (cuzeo-textile) on the inactivation of h5 subtype viruses was examined. allantoic fluid (af) containing a virus (af virus) (0.1ml) was applied to the textile (3×3-cm), and incubated for a specific period at ambient temperature. after each incubation, 0.9ml of culture medium was added followed by squeezing to recover the virus into the medium. the recovered virus was titrated using madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells or 10-day-ol ... | 2011 | 22179064 |
| prevalence of multiple subtypes of influenza a virus in japanese wild raccoons. | raccoons (procyon lotor), which are not native to japan, have been suspected to transmit various pathogens by frequent intrusion into agricultural and residential areas. to determine influenza a virus seropositivity in raccoons in japan, we examined a total of 634 raccoons captured in 19 towns (a-s) from 2009 to 2012. agar gel precipitation tests showed that the antibody prevalence was 1.89% (12/634). all positive raccoons were captured in three towns (a-c) located within a radius of approximate ... | 2014 | 24818620 |
| high seroprevalence of antibodies to avian influenza viruses among wild waterfowl in alaska: implications for surveillance. | we examined seroprevalence (presence of detectable antibodies in serum) for avian influenza viruses (aiv) among 4,485 birds, from 11 species of wild waterfowl in alaska (1998-2010), sampled during breeding/molting periods. seroprevalence varied among species (highest in eiders (somateria and polysticta species), and emperor geese (chen canagica)), ages (adults higher than juveniles), across geographic locations (highest in the arctic and alaska peninsula) and among years in tundra swans (cygnus ... | 2013 | 23472177 |