| phylogenetic analyses of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus isolates from germany in 2006 and 2007 suggest at least three separate introductions of h5n1 virus. | in spring 2006, highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv) of subtype h5n1 was detected in germany in 343 dead wild birds, as well as in a black swan (cygnus atratus) kept in a zoo, three stray cats, one stone marten (martes foina), and in a single turkey farm. in 2007 (june-july) the virus reoccurred in 96 wild birds at six geographically separate locations in the southeast of germany. in addition, a backyard mixed duck and goose holding was affected. real-time rt-pcr [hoffmann, b., harder ... | 2008 | 18031958 |
| characterization of h5n6 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated from wild and captive birds in the winter season of 2016-2017 in northern japan. | on november 15, 2016, a suspected case of highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) in a dead black swan was reported from a zoo in akita prefecture, northern japan, and an hpai virus (hpaiv) belonging to the h5n6 subtype was isolated from specimens taken from the bird. after the initial report, 230 cases of hpai caused by h5n6 viruses were reported from wild birds, captive birds, and domestic poultry farms throughout the country during the winter season. in the present study, we further characte ... | 2017 | 28815716 |
| two reassortant types of highly pathogenic h5n8 avian influenza virus from wild birds in central china in 2016. | since 2016, the highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n8 virus has emerged in the central asian flyway and europe, causing massive deaths in poultry and wild birds. in this study, we isolated and identified three h5n8 viruses from swan goose and black swans in hubei province during the 2016/2017 winter season. whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the three viruses clustered into a group of h5n8 viruses from qinghai lake and europe. a novel reassortment virus from swan go ... | 2018 | 29410395 |
| outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza in zoo birds caused by ha clade 2.3.4.4 h5n6 subtype viruses in japan in winter 2016. | in late 2016, two zoos, one in northern japan and the other in central japan, experienced highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) outbreaks, in which multiple zoo birds were infected with h5n6 subtype hpai virus (hpaiv). here, we report an overview of these hpai outbreaks. hpaiv infections were confirmed by virus isolation in three black swans (cygnus atratus) and three snowy owls (bubo scandiacus) kept in the omoriyama zoo hospital. at higashiyama zoo and botanical gardens, following the death ... | 2020 | 31605424 |
| isolation and characterization of avian influenza h9n2 viruses from different avian species in pakistan 2016-17. | avian influenza (ai) virus (aiv) subtype h9n2 continues to cause significant outbreaks among commercial and backyard poultry in pakistan. despite this, the characterization of h9n2 viruses in avian hosts other than chickens in pakistan has not been thoroughly investigated. in this study, 12 low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses subtype h9n2 were isolated from peacocks (n = 4), ducks (n = 4), pheasants (n = 2), geese (n = 1), and black swans (n = 1) in pakistan during 2016 and were characteri ... | 2019 | 31865688 |
| gross pathology associated with highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n8 and h5n1 in naturally infected birds in the uk (2020-2021). | multiple outbreaks with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv) clade 2.3.4.4b viruses, including h5n8 and h5n1, have occurred in the united kingdom, as well as in other european countries, since late 2020. | 2021 | 34310721 |