| [complex environmental and virological monitoring in the primorye territory in 2003-2006]. | the paper presents the results of monitoring of viruses of western nile (wn), japanese encephalitis (je), tick-borne encephalitis (tbe), geta, influenza a, as well as avian paramicroviruses type i (virus of newcastle disease (nd)) and type 6 (apmv-6) in the primorye territory in 2003-2006. totally throughout the period, specific antibodies to the viruses were detected by neutralization test in wild birds (7.3%, wn; 8.0%, geta; 0.7% batai; 2.8%, alpine hare (lepus timidus); by hemagglutination-in ... | 2007 | 18041224 |
| avian influenza surveillance in hunter-harvested waterfowl from the gulf coast of texas (november 2005-january 2006). | the objectives of our study were to determine prevalence of avian influenza viruses (aiv) on wintering grounds on the texas gulf coast, usa, and to compare real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rrt-pcr) and virus isolation for detection of aiv in cloacal swabs from wild waterfowl. cloacal swabs were collected from hunter-harvested waterfowl from november 2005 to january 2006 at four wildlife management areas. seven aiv were isolated from four species of ducks: green-winged t ... | 2008 | 18436675 |
| influenza a viruses in wild birds of the pacific flyway, 2005-2008. | avian influenza viruses (aivs) pose a significant threat to public health, and viral subtypes circulating in natural avian reservoirs can contribute to the emergence of pathogenic influenza viruses in humans. we investigated the prevalence and distribution of aivs in 8826 migratory and resident wild birds in north america along the pacific flyway, which is a major north-south migration pathway that overlaps with four other flyways in alaska providing opportunities for mixing of eurasian and amer ... | 2010 | 20059316 |
| avian influenza virus monitoring in wintering waterbirds in iran, 2003-2007. | virological, molecular and serological studies were carried out to determine the status of infections with avian influenza viruses (aiv) in different species of wild waterbirds in iran during 2003-2007. samples were collected from 1146 birds representing 45 different species with the majority of samples originating from ducks, coots and shorebirds. samples originated from 6 different provinces representative for the 15 most important wintering sites of migratory waterbirds in iran. | 2010 | 20167132 |
| waterfowl ecology and avian influenza in california: do host traits inform us about viral occurrence? | we examined whether host traits influenced the occurrence of avian influenza virus (aiv) in anatidae (ducks, geese, swans) at wintering sites in california's central valley. in total, 3487 individuals were sampled at sacramento national wildlife refuge and conaway ranch duck club during the hunting season of 2007-08. of the 19 anatidae species sampled, prevalence was highest in the northern shoveler (5.09%), followed by the ring-necked duck (2.63%), american wigeon (2.57%), bufflehead (2.50%), g ... | 2010 | 20521673 |
| mx gene diversity and influenza association among five wild dabbling duck species (anas spp.) in alaska. | mx (myxovirus-resistant) proteins are induced by interferon and inhibit viral replication as part of the innate immune response to viral infection in many vertebrates. influenza a virus appears to be especially susceptible to mx antiviral effects. we characterized exon 13 and the 3' utr of the mx gene in wild ducks, the natural reservoir of influenza virus and explored its potential relevance to influenza infection. we observed a wide range of intra- and interspecies variations. total nucleotide ... | 2010 | 20621205 |
| avian influenza survey in migrating waterfowl in sonora, mexico. | a two-year survey was carried out on the occurrence of avian influenza in migrating birds in two estuaries of the mexican state of sonora, which is located within the pacific flyway. cloacal and oropharyngeal swabs were collected from 1262 birds, including 20 aquatic bird species from the moroncarit and tobari estuaries in sonora, mexico. samples were tested for type a influenza (m), h5 eurasian and north american subtypes (h5ea and h5na respectively) and the h7 north american subtype (h7na). ge ... | 2010 | 21091641 |
| avian influenza viruses and avian paramyxoviruses in wintering and breeding waterfowl populations in north carolina, usa. | although wild ducks are recognized reservoirs for avian influenza viruses (aivs) and avian paramyxoviruses (apmvs), information related to the prevalence of these viruses in breeding and migratory duck populations on north american wintering grounds is limited. wintering (n=2,889) and resident breeding (n=524) ducks were sampled in north carolina during winter 2004-2006 and summer 2005-2006, respectively. overall prevalence of aiv was 0.8% and restricted to the winter sample; however, prevalence ... | 2011 | 21270016 |
| cross-seasonal patterns of avian influenza virus in breeding and wintering migratory birds: a flyway perspective. | abstract the spread of avian influenza viruses (aiv) in nature is intrinsically linked with the movements of wild birds. wild birds are the reservoirs for the virus and their migration may facilitate the circulation of aiv between breeding and wintering areas. this cycle of dispersal has become widely accepted; however, there are few aiv studies that present cross-seasonal information. a flyway perspective is critical for understanding how wild birds contribute to the persistence of aiv over l ... | 2011 | 21995264 |
| genetic structure of pacific flyway avian influenza viruses is shaped by geographic location, host species, and sampling period. | the eight gene segments of avian influenza virus (aiv) reassort frequently and rapidly to generate novel genotypes and subtypes that are transmissible to a broad range of hosts. there is evidence that aiv can have a restricted host range and can segregate in space and time. host-virus relationships at the species, geographic, and spatial scales have not been fully defined for aiv populations of the pacific flyway, particularly among the diverse waterfowl that occupy the flyway in alaska and cali ... | 2012 | 22222690 |
| avian influenza virus wild bird surveillance in the azov and black sea regions of ukraine (2010-2011). | the azov and black sea basins are part of the transcontinental wild bird migration routes from northern asia and europe to the mediterranean, africa, and southwest asia. these regions constitute an area of transit, stops during migration, and nesting for many different bird species. from september 2010 to september 2011, a wild bird surveillance study was conducted in these regions to identify avian influenza viruses. biological samples consisting of cloacal and tracheal swabs and fecal samples ... | 2012 | 23402128 |
| phylogenetic and pathogenic analyses of three h5n1 avian influenza viruses (clade 2.3.2.1) isolated from wild birds in northeast china. | from april to september 2012, periodic surveillance of avian influenza h5n1 viruses from different wild bird species was conducted in northeast china. three highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n1 viruses were isolated from a yellow-browed warbler, common shoveler, and mallard. to trace the genetic lineage of the isolates, nucleotide sequences of all eight gene segments were determined and phylogenetically analyzed. the data indicated that three viruses belonged to the same antigenic virus ... | 2015 | 25461692 |
| surveillance of avian influenza viruses in migratory birds in egypt, 2003-09. | migratory (particularly aquatic) birds are the major natural reservoirs for type a influenza viruses. however, their role in transmitting highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) viruses is unclear. egypt is a "funnel" zone of wild bird migration pathways from central asia and europe to eastern and central africa ending in south africa. we sought to detect and isolate avian influenza viruses in migratory birds in egypt. during september 2003-february 2009, the us naval medical research unit numb ... | 2012 | 22740532 |
| prevalence and diversity of low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses in wild birds in guatemala, 2010-2013. | waterfowl species are known to harbor the greatest diversity of low pathogenicity influenza a virus (lpaiv) subtypes and are recognized as their main natural reservoir. in guatemala there is evidence of circulation of lpaiv in wild ducks; however, the bird species contributing to viral diversity during the winter migration in central america are unknown. in this study, samples obtained from 1250 hunter-killed birds from 22 different species were collected on the pacific coast of guatemala during ... | 2016 | 27309080 |
| avian influenza virus prevalence in migratory waterfowl in the united states, 2007-2009. | we analyzed 155,535 samples collected for surveillance of avian influenza viruses (aivs), in the united states from 2007 to 2009, from migratory waterfowl (ducks, geese, and swans). the goal was to elucidate patterns of prevalence by flyway and functional groups to determine targets for future surveillance. apparent prevalence of aiv was highest in the pacific flyway in 2007-2008 (14.2% and 14.1%, respectively), in the mississippi flyway in 2009 (16.8%), and lowest each year in the atlantic flyw ... | 2014 | 25618997 |
| complete genome sequence of a reassortant h14n2 avian influenza virus from california. | we report the complete genome sequence of a reassortant h14n2 avian influenza virus isolated in 2011 from a northern shoveler in california. this introduced eurasian subtype acquired seven segments from north american viruses and circulated in the pacific flyway 1 year after its detection in the mississippi flyway. | 2013 | 23908286 |