| [influenza virus a/anas acuta/primor'e/695/76 isolated from wild ducks in the ussr]. | | 1978 | 80886 |
| [influenza virus a/anas acute/maritime territory/730/76(h3n2) isolated from wild ducks in the maritime territory]. | a strain a/anas acuta/primorie/730/76 was isolated in the autumn of 1976 from wild pintails in the primorskiy kray, ussr, and found by the h1 and neuraminidase activity inhibition test to be antigenically related to the reference a/hong kong/1/68 strain. the cft showed the a/anas acuta/primorie/730/76 strain to contain in its hemagglutinin 3 antigenic determinants: two common with the a/hong kong/1/68 strain and one the strain-specific, lacking in the human influenza viruses of the h3n2 antigeni ... | 1979 | 506200 |
| avian influenza viruses in minnesota ducks during 1998-2000. | although wild ducks are known to be a major reservoir for avian influenza viruses (aiv), there are few recent published reports of surveillance directed at this group. predominant aiv hemagglutinin (ha) subtypes reported in previous studies of ducks in north america include h3, h4, and h6, with the h5, h7, and h9 subtypes not well represented in these host populations. the objective of this study was to determine whether these subtype patterns have persisted. each september from 1998 to 2000, cl ... | 2003 | 14575079 |
| avian influenza viruses and paramyxoviruses in wintering and resident ducks in texas. | cloacal swabs were collected from teal (anas crecca, anas cyanoptera, anas discors), mottled duck (anas fulvigula) and northern pintail (anas acuta) in brazoria county, texas, usa, during february 2001, mottled ducks during august 2001, and blue-winged teal (a. discors) during february 2002. prevalence of avian influenza virus (aiv) infections during each sampling period were 11, 0, and 15%, respectively. the hemagglutinin (h) subtypes h2 and h7 were detected in both years, while the h8 subtype ... | 2005 | 16244076 |
| using rrt-pcr analysis and virus isolation to determine the prevalence of avian influenza virus infections in ducks at minto flats state game refuge, alaska, during august 2005. | this study describes surveillance for avian influenza viruses (aiv) in the minto flats state game refuge, high-density waterfowl breeding grounds in alaska. five hundred paired cloacal samples from dabbling ducks (northern pintail, mallard, green wing teal, and widgeon) were placed into ethanol and viral transport medium (vtm). additional ethanol-preserved samples were taken. of the ethanol-preserved samples, 25.6% were aiv rna-positive by real-time rt-pcr. the hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminida ... | 2007 | 17541700 |
| surveillance of avian influenza viruses in northern pintails (anas acuta) in tohoku district, japan. | among winter migratory waterfowl, northern pintails (anas acuta), in one of the largest flocks in tohoku district, northeast japan, were surveyed for influenza a viruses at five wintering sites in three prefectures, viz., aomori, akita, and miyagi. a total of 38 influenza a viruses were isolated from 2066 fecal samples collected during november 2006 through march 2007. the overall isolation rate was 1.84%. eleven different subtypes were isolated, including nine h5n2, seven h6n8, seven h10n1, fou ... | 2008 | 18459295 |
| avian influenza and newcastle disease viruses from northern pintail in japan: isolation, characterization and inter-annual comparisons during 2006-2008. | since wild ducks constitute a vital element in the epizootiology of avian influenza viruses (aivs) as well as avian paramyxoviruses (apmvs) and play a key role in the ecology and inter-species transmission of these viruses, it is crucial to elucidate the diversity and prevalence of these viruses within these bird populations. this report shows the presence, antigenic diversity, and inter-annual prevalence variations of aivs in apparently healthy northern pintail (anas acta) wintering in japan. w ... | 2009 | 19463720 |
| phenotypic, genetic, and phylogeographical characterization of avian influenza virus subtype h5n2 isolated from northern pintail (anas acuta) in japan. | intercontinental movements of northern pintail (anas acuta) ducks wintering in japan create a high-risk of both incursion and dispersion of avian influenza viruses (aivs) that circulate in the ducks' breeding grounds in siberia and alaska. this predisposition is likely amplified by bi-directional conveyance of aivs between japan and china. in this study, h5n2 viruses were characterized by means of ha cleavage site sequencing and found to be low pathogenic. through entire genome analysis, as well ... | 2009 | 19635509 |
| haemagglutinin and neuraminidase characterization of low pathogenic h5 and h7 avian influenza viruses isolated from northern pintails (anas acuta) in japan, with special reference to genomic and biogeographical aspects. | pintails constitute an important host of avian influenza viruses (aivs). genetic, molecular, and antigenic characteristics of h5 and h7 aivs, which we isolated from northern pintails (anas acuta) wintering in japan, were analyzed and found to be linked to various ecological features, chiefly in terms of gene geography, as shaped by various migratory aquatic host species. although all the isolates were found to be of low pathogenicity (lp), we explored gene predispositions that may potentially un ... | 2010 | 19916042 |
| influenza a viruses in wild birds of the pacific flyway, 2005-2008. | avian influenza viruses (aivs) pose a significant threat to public health, and viral subtypes circulating in natural avian reservoirs can contribute to the emergence of pathogenic influenza viruses in humans. we investigated the prevalence and distribution of aivs in 8826 migratory and resident wild birds in north america along the pacific flyway, which is a major north-south migration pathway that overlaps with four other flyways in alaska providing opportunities for mixing of eurasian and amer ... | 2010 | 20059316 |
| intercontinental reassortment and genomic variation of low pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated from northern pintails (anas acuta) in alaska: examining the evidence through space and time. | migration and population genetic data for northern pintails (anas acuta) and phylogenetic analysis of low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) viruses from this host in alaska suggest that northern pintails are involved in ongoing intercontinental transmission of avian influenza. here, we further refine this conclusion through phylogenetic analyses which demonstrate that detection of foreign lineage gene segments is spatially dependent and consistent through time. our results show detection of fore ... | 2010 | 20227102 |
| inactivation of avian influenza virus h1n1 by photocatalyst under visible light irradiation. | a novel photocatalyst - ilumio (platinum-loaded tungsten oxide) - was evaluated for its anti-influenza virus activity with the avian isolate a/northern pintail/miyagi/1472/08 (h1n1). under a fluorescent lamp of 1000lx in the absence of ultraviolet light, the virus was inactivated to below the detection limit i.e. >5.3log inactivation within 2h. this photocatalyst can be used for coating walls, tables, and other surfaces to decrease virus infectivity associated with surfaces. this would be desira ... | 2010 | 20302898 |
| migration of waterfowl in the east asian flyway and spatial relationship to hpai h5n1 outbreaks. | poyang lake is situated within the east asian flyway, a migratory corridor for waterfowl that also encompasses guangdong province, china, the epicenter of highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n1. the lake is the largest freshwater body in china and a significant congregation site for waterfowl; however, surrounding rice fields and poultry grazing have created an overlap with wild waterbirds, a situation conducive to avian influenza transmission. reports of hpai h5n1 in healthy wild ducks a ... | 2010 | 20521681 |
| mx gene diversity and influenza association among five wild dabbling duck species (anas spp.) in alaska. | mx (myxovirus-resistant) proteins are induced by interferon and inhibit viral replication as part of the innate immune response to viral infection in many vertebrates. influenza a virus appears to be especially susceptible to mx antiviral effects. we characterized exon 13 and the 3' utr of the mx gene in wild ducks, the natural reservoir of influenza virus and explored its potential relevance to influenza infection. we observed a wide range of intra- and interspecies variations. total nucleotide ... | 2010 | 20621205 |
| interspecific exchange of avian influenza virus genes in alaska: the influence of trans-hemispheric migratory tendency and breeding ground sympatry. | the movement and transmission of avian influenza viral strains via wild migratory birds may vary by host species as a result of migratory tendency and sympatry with other infected individuals. to examine the roles of host migratory tendency and species sympatry on the movement of eurasian low-pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) genes into north america, we characterized migratory patterns and lpai viral genomic variation in mallards (anas platyrhynchos) of alaska in comparison with lpai diversity ... | 2010 | 21073586 |
| surveillance and characterization of newcastle disease viruses isolated from northern pintail (anas acuta) in japan during 2006-09. | a total of 38 newcastle disease virus (ndv) isolates were obtained from 6060 fecal samples from northern pintail (anas acuta) ducks collected in the tohoku district in japan during 2006-09. one isolate from each sampling location and date was selected for a total of 38 isolates, then 15 of these were characterized for their pathogenicity by mean death time of minimum lethal dose (mdt/mld) using chicken embryos and by plaque formation on chicken embryo fibroblasts. furthermore, nine isolates were ... | 2011 | 21793438 |
| evidence for limited exchange of avian influenza viruses between seaducks and dabbling ducks at alaska peninsula coastal lagoons. | avian influenza virus (aiv) prevalence and sequence data were analyzed for steller's eiders (polysticta stelleri) to assess the role of this species in transporting virus genes between continents and maintaining a regional viral reservoir with sympatric northern pintails (anas acuta). aiv prevalence was 0.2% at izembek lagoon and 3.9% at nelson lagoon for steller's eiders and 11.2% for northern pintails at izembek lagoon. phylogenetic analysis of 13 aivs from steller's eiders revealed that 4.9% ... | 2011 | 21766196 |
| cross-seasonal patterns of avian influenza virus in breeding and wintering migratory birds: a flyway perspective. | abstract the spread of avian influenza viruses (aiv) in nature is intrinsically linked with the movements of wild birds. wild birds are the reservoirs for the virus and their migration may facilitate the circulation of aiv between breeding and wintering areas. this cycle of dispersal has become widely accepted; however, there are few aiv studies that present cross-seasonal information. a flyway perspective is critical for understanding how wild birds contribute to the persistence of aiv over l ... | 2011 | 21995264 |
| genetic structure of pacific flyway avian influenza viruses is shaped by geographic location, host species, and sampling period. | the eight gene segments of avian influenza virus (aiv) reassort frequently and rapidly to generate novel genotypes and subtypes that are transmissible to a broad range of hosts. there is evidence that aiv can have a restricted host range and can segregate in space and time. host-virus relationships at the species, geographic, and spatial scales have not been fully defined for aiv populations of the pacific flyway, particularly among the diverse waterfowl that occupy the flyway in alaska and cali ... | 2012 | 22222690 |
| genetic analysis of avian influenza viruses: cocirculation of avian influenza viruses with allele a and b nonstructural gene in northern pintail (anas acuta) ducks wintering in japan. | the pandemic influenza virus strains of 1918 (h1n1), 1957 (h2n2), 1968 (h3n2), and 2009 (h1n1) have genes related to avian influenza viruses (aivs). the nonstructural (ns) gene of aivs plays a significant role in host-viral interaction. however, little is known about the degree of diversity of this gene in northern pintail (anas acuta) ducks wintering in japan. this study describes characteristics of pintail-originated h1n1, h1n2, h1n3, h5n2, h5n3, h5n9, and h7n7 viruses. most of the viruses wer ... | 2012 | 23320157 |
| a single dose of an avian h3n8 influenza virus vaccine is highly immunogenic and efficacious against a recently emerged seal influenza virus in mice and ferrets. | h3n8 influenza viruses are a commonly found subtype in wild birds, usually causing mild or no disease in infected birds. however, they have crossed the species barrier and have been associated with outbreaks in dogs, pigs, donkeys, and seals and therefore pose a threat to humans. a live attenuated, cold-adapted (ca) h3n8 vaccine virus was generated by reverse genetics using the wild-type (wt) hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) genes from the a/blue-winged teal/texas/sg-00079/2007 (h3n8) ( ... | 2015 | 25903333 |
| identification of type a influenza viruses from wild birds on the delmarva peninsula, 2007-10. | wild waterfowl and shorebirds in the delaware-maryland-virginia (delmarva) peninsula region within the atlantic flyway were sampled as part of the early detection of highly pathogenic h5n1 avian influenza (ai) in wild migratory birds program. the u.s. department of agriculture (usda) and state wildlife agencies submitted 7858 samples for ai virus (aiv) testing by real-time reverse transcription pcr (rrt-pcr) to the university of delaware poultry health system from april 2007 to march 2011. virus ... | 2017 | 28301233 |
| antibodies to h5 subtype avian influenza virus and japanese encephalitis virus in northern pintails (anas acuta) sampled in japan. | blood samples from 105 northern pintails (anas acuta) captured on hokkaido, japan were tested for antibodies to avian influenza virus (aiv), japanese encephalitis virus (jev), and west nile virus (wnv) to assess possible involvement of this species in the spread of economically important and potentially zoonotic pathogens. antibodies to aiv were detected in 64 of 105 samples (61%). of the 64 positives, 95% and 81% inhibited agglutination of two different h5 aiv antigens (h5n1 and h5n9), respecti ... | 2013 | 24059097 |
| surveillance of avian influenza viruses in migratory birds in egypt, 2003-09. | migratory (particularly aquatic) birds are the major natural reservoirs for type a influenza viruses. however, their role in transmitting highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) viruses is unclear. egypt is a "funnel" zone of wild bird migration pathways from central asia and europe to eastern and central africa ending in south africa. we sought to detect and isolate avian influenza viruses in migratory birds in egypt. during september 2003-february 2009, the us naval medical research unit numb ... | 2012 | 22740532 |
| h5n2 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses from the us 2014-2015 outbreak have an unusually long pre-clinical period in turkeys. | from december 2014 through june 2015, the us experienced the most costly highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) outbreak to date. most cases in commercial poultry were caused by an h5n2 strain which was a reassortant with 5 eurasian lineage genes, including a clade 2.3.4.4 goose/guangdong/1996 lineage hemagglutinin, and 3 genes from north american wild waterfowl low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses. the outbreak primarily affected turkeys and table-egg layer type chickens. three isolates ... | 2016 | 27876034 |
| lessons from the largest epidemic of avian influenza viruses in taiwan, 2015. | the largest epidemic of avian influenza (ai) in history attacked poultry and wild birds throughout taiwan starting january 6, 2015. this study analyzed surveillance results, epidemiologic characteristics, and viral sequences by using government-released information, with the intention to provide recommendations to minimize future pandemic influenza. the h5 clade 2.3.4.4 highly pathogenic ai viruses (hpaivs) had not been detected in taiwan before 2015. during this epidemic, four types of etiologi ... | 2016 | 27309051 |
| dispersal of h9n2 influenza a viruses between east asia and north america by wild birds. | samples were collected from wild birds in western alaska to assess dispersal of influenza a viruses between east asia and north america. two isolates shared nearly identical nucleotide identity at eight genomic segments with h9n2 viruses isolated from china and south korea providing evidence for intercontinental dispersal by migratory birds. | 2015 | 25827532 |
| avian influenza virus prevalence in migratory waterfowl in the united states, 2007-2009. | we analyzed 155,535 samples collected for surveillance of avian influenza viruses (aivs), in the united states from 2007 to 2009, from migratory waterfowl (ducks, geese, and swans). the goal was to elucidate patterns of prevalence by flyway and functional groups to determine targets for future surveillance. apparent prevalence of aiv was highest in the pacific flyway in 2007-2008 (14.2% and 14.1%, respectively), in the mississippi flyway in 2009 (16.8%), and lowest each year in the atlantic flyw ... | 2014 | 25618997 |
| avian influenza at both ends of a migratory flyway: characterizing viral genomic diversity to optimize surveillance plans for north america. | although continental populations of avian influenza viruses are genetically distinct, transcontinental reassortment in low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) viruses has been detected in migratory birds. thus, genomic analyses of lpai viruses could serve as an approach to prioritize species and regions targeted by north american surveillance activities for foreign origin highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai). to assess the applicability of this approach, we conducted a phylogenetic and populat ... | 2009 | 25567891 |
| stockpiled pre-pandemic h5n1 influenza virus vaccines with as03 adjuvant provide cross-protection from h5n2 clade 2.3.4.4 virus challenge in ferrets. | avian influenza viruses, notably h5 subtype viruses, pose a continuous threat to public health due to their pandemic potential. in recent years, influenza virus h5 subtype split vaccines with novel oil-in-water emulsion based adjuvants (e.g. as03, mf59) have been shown to be safe, immunogenic, and able to induce broad immune responses in clinical trials, providing strong scientific support for vaccine stockpiling. however, whether such vaccines can provide protection from infection with emerging ... | 2017 | 28554058 |
| the pathogenesis of clade 2.3.4.4 h5 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in ruddy duck (oxyura jamaicensis) and lesser scaup (aythya affinis). | waterfowl are the natural hosts of avian influenza virus (aiv) and disseminate the virus worldwide through migration. historically, surveillance and research efforts for aiv in waterfowl have focused on dabbling ducks. the role of diving ducks in aiv ecology has not been well characterized. in this study, we examined the relative susceptibility and pathogenicity of clade 2.3.4.4 h5 highly pathogenic (hp) aiv (hpaiv) in two species of diving ducks. juvenile and adult ruddy duck (oxyura jamaicensi ... | 2017 | 28513330 |
| characterizing the temporal patterns of avian influenza virus introduction into japan by migratory birds. | the objectives of the present study were to observe the temporal pattern of avian influenza virus (aiv) introduction into japan and to determine which migratory birds play an important role in introducing aiv. in total, 19,407 fecal samples from migratory birds were collected at 52 sites between october 2008 and may 2015. total nucleic acids extracted from the fecal samples were subjected to reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification to detect viral rna. species identification ... | 2017 | 28484128 |
| temporary removal: homologous and heterologous antigenic matched vaccines containing different h5 hemagglutinins provide variable protection of chickens from the 2014 u.s. h5n8 and h5n2 clade 2.3.4.4 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. | the publisher regrets that this article has been temporarily removed. a replacement will appear as soon as possible in which the reason for the removal of the article will be specified, or the article will be reinstated. the full elsevier policy on article withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal. | 2017 | 28456525 |