| phenotypic, genetic, and phylogeographical characterization of avian influenza virus subtype h5n2 isolated from northern pintail (anas acuta) in japan. | intercontinental movements of northern pintail (anas acuta) ducks wintering in japan create a high-risk of both incursion and dispersion of avian influenza viruses (aivs) that circulate in the ducks' breeding grounds in siberia and alaska. this predisposition is likely amplified by bi-directional conveyance of aivs between japan and china. in this study, h5n2 viruses were characterized by means of ha cleavage site sequencing and found to be low pathogenic. through entire genome analysis, as well ... | 2009 | 19635509 |
| surveillance of avian influenza viruses in northern pintails (anas acuta) in tohoku district, japan. | among winter migratory waterfowl, northern pintails (anas acuta), in one of the largest flocks in tohoku district, northeast japan, were surveyed for influenza a viruses at five wintering sites in three prefectures, viz., aomori, akita, and miyagi. a total of 38 influenza a viruses were isolated from 2066 fecal samples collected during november 2006 through march 2007. the overall isolation rate was 1.84%. eleven different subtypes were isolated, including nine h5n2, seven h6n8, seven h10n1, fou ... | 2008 | 18459295 |
| stockpiled pre-pandemic h5n1 influenza virus vaccines with as03 adjuvant provide cross-protection from h5n2 clade 2.3.4.4 virus challenge in ferrets. | avian influenza viruses, notably h5 subtype viruses, pose a continuous threat to public health due to their pandemic potential. in recent years, influenza virus h5 subtype split vaccines with novel oil-in-water emulsion based adjuvants (e.g. as03, mf59) have been shown to be safe, immunogenic, and able to induce broad immune responses in clinical trials, providing strong scientific support for vaccine stockpiling. however, whether such vaccines can provide protection from infection with emerging ... | 2017 | 28554058 |
| the pathogenesis of clade 2.3.4.4 h5 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in ruddy duck (oxyura jamaicensis) and lesser scaup (aythya affinis). | waterfowl are the natural hosts of avian influenza virus (aiv) and disseminate the virus worldwide through migration. historically, surveillance and research efforts for aiv in waterfowl have focused on dabbling ducks. the role of diving ducks in aiv ecology has not been well characterized. in this study, we examined the relative susceptibility and pathogenicity of clade 2.3.4.4 h5 highly pathogenic (hp) aiv (hpaiv) in two species of diving ducks. juvenile and adult ruddy duck (oxyura jamaicensi ... | 2017 | 28513330 |
| temporary removal: homologous and heterologous antigenic matched vaccines containing different h5 hemagglutinins provide variable protection of chickens from the 2014 u.s. h5n8 and h5n2 clade 2.3.4.4 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. | the publisher regrets that this article has been temporarily removed. a replacement will appear as soon as possible in which the reason for the removal of the article will be specified, or the article will be reinstated. the full elsevier policy on article withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal. | 2017 | 28456525 |
| h5n2 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses from the us 2014-2015 outbreak have an unusually long pre-clinical period in turkeys. | from december 2014 through june 2015, the us experienced the most costly highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) outbreak to date. most cases in commercial poultry were caused by an h5n2 strain which was a reassortant with 5 eurasian lineage genes, including a clade 2.3.4.4 goose/guangdong/1996 lineage hemagglutinin, and 3 genes from north american wild waterfowl low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses. the outbreak primarily affected turkeys and table-egg layer type chickens. three isolates ... | 2016 | 27876034 |
| genetic analysis of avian influenza viruses: cocirculation of avian influenza viruses with allele a and b nonstructural gene in northern pintail (anas acuta) ducks wintering in japan. | the pandemic influenza virus strains of 1918 (h1n1), 1957 (h2n2), 1968 (h3n2), and 2009 (h1n1) have genes related to avian influenza viruses (aivs). the nonstructural (ns) gene of aivs plays a significant role in host-viral interaction. however, little is known about the degree of diversity of this gene in northern pintail (anas acuta) ducks wintering in japan. this study describes characteristics of pintail-originated h1n1, h1n2, h1n3, h5n2, h5n3, h5n9, and h7n7 viruses. most of the viruses wer ... | 2012 | 23320157 |