| concentrations and biomagnification of polychlorinated naphthalenes in black cormorants phalacrocorax carbo sinensis from the gulf of gdańsk, baltic sea. | black cormorants, phalacrocorax carbo sinensis (the breast muscles and liver) originating from the colony near katy rybackie on the south coast of the gulf of gdańsk, baltic sea, were collected in 1992 and analysed for polychlorinated naphthalenes. pcns were determined employing a multi-residue procedure including a non-destructive wide-bore open-tube extraction step, cleanup using semipermeable polyethylene membrane, hplc fractionation of planar compounds on activated carbon column and final se ... | 1997 | 9299769 |
| intra- and interspecific density-dependent effects on growth in helminth parasites of the cormorant, phalacrocorax carbo sinensis. | the action of intra- and interspecific competition, mediated by density-dependent effects on growth, was investigated among the 3 helminth species found in the alimentary tract of 104 cormorants, phalacrocorax carbo sinensis. intraspecific density-dependent effects on worm sizes were observed in the abundant nematode contracaecum rudolphii, as shown by a negative correlation between mean worm size and intensity of infection. higher intensities of infection by c. rudolphii were also associated wi ... | 2002 | 12049416 |
| multivariate analysis of the bioaccumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) in the marine pelagic food web from the southern part of the baltic sea, poland. | the concentration, pattern, bioaccumulation and biomagnification features of many chlorobiphenyl congeners including non- and mono-ortho chlorine substituted members have been determined in a pelagic food chain including mixed phyto- and zooplankton, herring (clupea harengus), harbour porpoise (phocoena phocoena) and black cormorants (phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) collected from the southern part of the baltic proper. tcdd (tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) toxic equivalents (teqs) in plankton, herri ... | 2002 | 12509047 |
| accumulation of nutrients in soils affected by perennial colonies of piscivorous birds with reference to biogeochemical cycles of elements. | the accumulation of selected n, k, and p forms in soils within three perennial colonies of black cormorant (phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) and grey heron (ardea cinerea) located in northern and eastern poland were investigated. soil samples were collected beneath the nests from the most representative for each colony plots. control samples were taken outside the colonies within sites adjacent to the nesting areas but not affected by bird excrement. from each genetic horizon (20 horizons) in soil ... | 2003 | 12738297 |
| genetic evidence for the existence of sibling species within contracaecum rudolphii (hartwich, 1964) and the validity of contracaecum septentrionale (kreis, 1955) (nematoda: anisakidae). | specimens of contracaecum rudolphii sensu lato (s.l.) (nematoda: anisakidae) from phalacrocorax carbo sinensis from northeastern and central italy were characterised genetically and compared with those from phalacrocorax aristotelis from galician coasts, spain (identified as c. rudolphii a by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis) and with specimens of c. septentrionale from alca torda from the galician coasts, spain. the first (its-1) and second (its-2) internal transcribed spacers (its) of ribosom ... | 2005 | 15928905 |
| the status of studies on the helminth fauna of the great cormorant (phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) in northern poland. | | 2005 | 16838627 |
| digenean fauna of the great cormorant phalacrocorax carbo sinensis (blumenbach, 1798) in the brackish waters of the vistula lagoon and the gulf of gdańsk (poland). | the great cormorant phalacrocorax carbo sinensis (blumenbach, 1798) is one of the most important birds in the vistula lagoon and the gulf of gdańsk area. as a typical piscivore, the bird plays a significant part in life cycles of parasites in aquatic ecosystems. within january 2000-june 2001, a complete helminthological examination was performed on great cormorants collected in the nesting area at katy rybackie on the vistula spit (80 specimens) and in the vistula lagoon (10 specimens). the infe ... | 2003 | 16889033 |
| practical pcr tools for the delineation of contracaecum rudolphii a and contracaecum rudolphii b (ascaridoidea: anisakidae) using genetic markers in nuclear ribosomal dna. | using genetic markers defined previously in the internal transcribed spacers (its-1 and its-2) of nuclear ribosomal dna (rdna), pcr-coupled restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) and specific pcr assays were established for the specific detection of each of two morphologically indistinguishable operational taxonomic units (contracaecum rudolphii a and contracaecum rudolphii b) within contracaecum rudolphii (s.l.) and their differentiation from contracaecum septentrionale, a closely ... | 2007 | 17029878 |
| using stable isotopes to unravel and predict the origins of great cormorants (phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) overwintering at kinmen. | the food and agricultural organization of the united nations and the world organization for animal health have called for a better understanding of the role that migrating birds may play in spreading h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai). bird banding, traditionally used in studies of migration, is limited by low recapture rates. telemetry can only be applied to larger species and a limited number of birds. we show that analyses of multiple stable isotopes (delta(13)c, delta(15)n, delta( ... | 2008 | 18366023 |
| molecular evidence for the occurrence of contracaecum rudolphii a (nematoda: anisakidae) in shag phalacrocorax aristotelis (linnaeus) (aves: phalacrocoracidae) from sardinia (western mediterranean sea). | specimens of contracaecum rudolphii hartwich, 1964 (nematoda: anisakidae) from phalacrocorax aristotelis (linnaeus) from the archipelago of la maddalena (sardinia, western mediterranean sea) were characterised genetically and compared with c. rudolphii a sensu d'amelio et al. 1990 and c. rudolphii b sensu d'amelio et al. 1990 from phalacrocorax carbo sinensis (blumenbach) from north-eastern italy, and with c. rudolphii c sensu d'amelio et al. 2007 from phalacrocorax auritus (lesson) from west-ce ... | 2008 | 18571974 |
| experimental studies on the development of contracaecum rudolphii (nematoda: anisakidae) in copepod and fish paratenic hosts. | the larval development of the nematode contracaecum rudolphii (rudolphi, 1819), a common parasite of the proventriculus of cormorants, was experimentally studied. within the eggs cultivated in freshwater under laboratory temperatures of 20-22 degrees c, the developing larva undergoes two moults on days 4-5, attaining the third larval stage. most of the ensheathed third-stage larvae, 291-457 microm long, hatch spontaneously from egg shells on days 5-6. experiments have indicated that hatched ensh ... | 2009 | 19827362 |
| consequent effects of the great cormorant (phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) predation on parasite infection and body condition of common carp (cyprinus carpio). | lesions ranging from surface wounds to deep tissue wounds caused by cormorant predation were observed on several species of the farmed fish in pohořelice, czech republic. two-year-old stocked common carp cyprinus carpio harvested in late march were examined for ectoparasites and endoparasites, injuries extent, and lysozyme concentration in skin mucus. additionally, three body condition indices were measured. endoparasite infection occurred only scarcely. wounded fish were more susceptible to the ... | 2011 | 21979786 |
| molecular screening for bacteria and protozoa in great cormorants (phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) nesting in slovakia, central europe. | this study brings the data about the occurrence of bacterial and protozoan pathogens in 32 great cormorants (phalacrocorax carbo sinensis), representing approximately 20% of the population nesting in the surroundings of water basin liptovská mara (northern part of central slovakia). a survey revealed the presence of tick-borne bacteria anaplasma phagocytophilum (6.25%) and parasitic protozoa toxoplasma gondii (3.1%). these data indicate an infectious status of the great cormorant population nest ... | 2016 | 27447224 |
| helminth parasites of the lesser great cormorant phalacrocorax carbo sinensis from two nesting regions in the czech republic. | parasitological examinations of 102 specimens of the lesser great cormorant phalacrocorax carbo sinensis (blumenbach) from two nesting regions in the czech republic (south bohemia and south moravia) were carried out at the institute of parasitology, czech academy of sciences (previously the czechoslovak academy of sciences) in the years 1987-1992. in them, a total of 19 species of helminth parasites was found, including trematoda (11 species), cestoda (2), nematoda (4) and acanthocephala (2), wh ... | 2016 | 27312270 |
| further studies on contracaecum spasskii mozgovoi, 1950 and c. rudolphii hartwich, 1964 (sensu lato) (ascaridida: anisakidae) from piscivorous birds in china. | contracaecum spasskii mozgovoi, 1950, collected from the great crested grebe podiceps cristatus (linnaeus) (podicipediformes: podicipedidae), is redescribed using both light and, for the first time, scanning electron microscopy. contracaecum spasskii differs from its congeners by having marked transverse cuticular annulations, the length of the oesophagus and spicules, the ratio between the intestinal caecum and the ventricular appendix, the number and arrangement of male caudal papillae, and es ... | 2013 | 23404759 |
| coexistence and genetic variability of contracaecum rudolphii a and contracaecum rudolphii b (nematoda: anisakidae) in cormorants, phalacrocorax carbo sinensis, in the baltic region. | although numerous genetically isolated entities within contracaecum rudolphii sensu lato are presently defined, information on the distribution and ecology of these groups is nonetheless in demand. in the present study, information based upon dna sequence data (restriction analysis and sequencing of rdna) on the distribution of the species c. rudolphii a and c. rudolphii b in the cormorant phalacrocorax carbo sinensis from the baltic region (poland and finland) is provided. these data corroborat ... | 2012 | 22256988 |
| shedding of zoonotic pathogens and analysis of stomach contents in great cormorants (phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) from switzerland between 2007 and 2012. | 208 healthy great cormorants (phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) shot during 5 consecutive hunting seasons from 2007/2008 until 2011/2012 were tested for newcastle disease virus (apmv-1), avian influenza virus (aiv), chlamydiae, and salmonella spp. in addition, stomach contents were gross macroscopically examined. none of the birds was positive for apmv1, aiv or chlamydiae. twice salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium and once a rough mutant of salmonella typhimurium were found. stom ... | 2014 | 25082636 |
| molecular prey identification in central european piscivores. | diet analysis is an important aspect when investigating the ecology of fish-eating animals and essential for assessing their functional role in food webs across aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. the identification of fish remains in dietary samples, however, can be time-consuming and unsatisfying using conventional morphological analysis of prey remains. here, we present a two-step multiplex pcr system, comprised of six assays, allowing for rapid, sensitive and specific detection of fish dna i ... | 2016 | 26053612 |
| seabird guano fertilizes baltic sea littoral food webs. | nutrient enrichment in coastal marine systems can have profound impacts on trophic networks. in the baltic sea, the population of great cormorant (phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) has increased nearly exponentially since the mid-1990 s, and colonies of these seabirds can be important sources of nitrogen enrichment for nearby benthic communities due to guano runoff. in this study we used stable isotope analyses and diet mixing models to determine the extent of nitrogen enrichment from cormorant colo ... | 2013 | 23593452 |
| developmental toxicity of pfos and pfoa in great cormorant (phalacrocorax carbo sinensis), herring gull (larus argentatus) and chicken (gallus gallus domesticus). | perfluoroalkyl acids (pfaas) are found globally in environmental samples and have been studied in various species. in this study, we compare the sensitivity of three avian species to the toxic effects of perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos) and perfluorooctanoate (pfoa). eggs of great cormorant (phalacrocorax carbo sinensis), herring gull (larus argentatus) and the domestic white leghorn chicken (gallus gallus domesticus) were exposed in ovo by injection into the air sac. effects on embryo survival ... | 2016 | 26895726 |
| high levels of perfluoroalkyl acids in eggs and embryo livers of great cormorant (phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) and herring gull (larus argentatus) from lake vänern, sweden. | in the eggs and developing chick livers in the two wild bird species, great cormorant and herring gull, the concentrations of a range of 15 perfluoroalkyl acids (pfaas) were determined. eggs of the two species were collected from lake vänern, sweden, and analysed either as undeveloped egg (whole egg or separated into yolk and albumen) or incubated until start of the hatching process when the chick liver was removed and analysed. high levels of pfaas were found in all matrixes except albumen. the ... | 2013 | 23463275 |
| diet analysis in piscivorous birds: what can the addition of molecular tools offer? | in trophic studies on piscivorous birds, it is vital to know which kind of dietary sample provides the information of interest and how the prey can be identified reliably and efficiently. often, noninvasively obtained dietary samples such as regurgitated pellets, feces, and regurgitated fish samples are the preferred source of information. fish prey has usually been identified via morphological analysis of undigested hard parts, but molecular approaches are being increasingly used for this purpo ... | 2017 | 28331605 |
| spatial patterns of extra-pair paternity in a waterbird colony: separating the effects of nesting density and nest site location. | centres of avian colonies are usually associated with reduced predation risk and, thus, attract individuals of high quality, while poor-quality individuals are relegated to peripheral zones. assuming that the incidence of extra-pair paternity (epp) is dependent on individual quality, we could expect lower incidence of extra-pair offspring in the central parts of colonies. on the other hand, central pairs often nest in higher densities, which might increase epp rate. to test these hypotheses, we ... | 2017 | 26900213 |
| maximizing dietary information retrievable from carcasses of great cormorants phalacrocorax carbo using a combined morphological and molecular analytical approach. | avian carcasses can provide important information on the trophic ecology of birds. usually, the number of carcasses available for examination is limited and therefore it is important to gain as much dietary information per specimen as possible. in piscivorous birds and raptors, the stomach has been the primary source of dietary information, whereas the gut (intestine) has so far been neglected as it usually contains only a few morphologically identifiable hard parts of prey. molecular approaches ... | 2016 | 26877544 |
| in-air and underwater hearing in the great cormorant (phalacrocorax carbo sinensis). | hearing thresholds of a great cormorant (phalacrocorax carbo) were measured in air and under water using psychophysics. the lowest thresholds were at 2 khz (45 db re 20 μpa root-mean-square [rms] in air and 79 db re 1 μpa rms in water). auditory brainstem response measurements on one anesthetized bird in air indicated an audiogram with a shape that resembled the one achieved by psychophysics. this study suggests that cormorants have rather poor in-air hearing abilities compared with other simila ... | 2016 | 26610998 |
| local heterozygosity effects on nestling growth and condition in the great cormorant. | under inbreeding, heterozygosity at neutral genetic markers is likely to reflect genome-wide heterozygosity and, thus, is expected to correlate with fitness. there is, however, growing evidence that some of heterozygosity-fitness correlations (hfcs) can be explained by 'local effects', where noncoding loci are at linkage disequilibrium with functional genes. the aim of this study was to investigate correlations between heterozygosity at seven microsatellite loci and two fitness-related traits, n ... | 2017 | 26586922 |
| cormorant catch concerns for fishers: estimating the size-selectivity of a piscivorous bird. | conflict arises in fisheries worldwide when piscivorous birds target fish species of commercial value. this paper presents a method for estimating size selectivity functions for piscivores and uses it to compare predation selectivities of great cormorants (phalacrocorax carbo sinensis l. 1758) with that of gill-net fishing on a european perch (perca fluviatilis l. 1758) population in the curonian lagoon, lithuania. fishers often regard cormorants as an unwanted "satellite species", but the degre ... | 2013 | 24244277 |
| pikeperch (sander lucioperca (l.)) in decline: high mortality of three populations in the northern baltic sea. | the development of three pikeperch (sander lucioperca (l.)) populations in the northern baltic sea was monitored using standardized multimesh gillnets in 1995-2009. declining trends in the abundances of pikeperch over 40 cm total length, low numbers of individuals older than 6 years, and high mortality rates were observed in all three populations. in the site with the largest commercial catches per unit area and a rapidly increased colony of great cormorants (phalacrocorax carbo sinensis blumenb ... | 2014 | 23918412 |
| evaluation of mercury and lead content in the liver of the cormorant (phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) population of kis-balaton, hungary. | mercury and lead concentrations were measured in the livers of cormorant (phalacrocorax carbo sinensis), an aquatic bird species living and nesting in the special, highly protected nature conservation area of kis-balaton, hungary. the measurements of metal concentrations were performed by atomic absorption spectrometry using the cold vapour method for mercury and the electrothermal method for lead. mercury concentrations in the livers were significantly higher in the adult population (4.479 ± 3. ... | 2013 | 23661387 |
| hematology and plasma biochemistry values of great cormorant (phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) nestlings. | hematology and plasma biochemistry values were determined in 92 free-living great cormorant (phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) chicks at jeziorsko reservoir, central poland. percentage distribution of leukocytes, packed cell volume, plasma concentrations of hemoglobin and basic biochemical parameters were evaluated. these values may be treated as reference ranges for free-living great cormorant nestlings. | 2013 | 23307389 |
| organochlorines and mercury in livers of great cormorants (phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) wintering in northeastern mediterranean wetlands in relation to area, bird age, and gender. | wild birds are exposed to pollutants in their habitats. top consumers of aquatic environments such as the fish-eating great cormorant (phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) are especially affected due to the bioaccumulation of toxic substances in their tissues. this study analysed the livers of 80 great cormorants from greece to estimate the concentration of organochlorines and mercury and to examine their possible toxic effects and origin. the results showed that mercury (geometric mean 8089 ng g⁻¹ dw) ... | 2011 | 21145091 |
| prey detection by great cormorant (phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) in clear and in turbid water. | the scattering and absorption of light by water molecules and by suspended and dissolved matter (turbidity) degrade image transmission and, thus, underwater perception. we tested the effects on visual detection of prey size and distance (affecting apparent prey size) and of low-level water turbidity in hand-reared great cormorants (phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) diving for natural prey (fish) in a forced-choice situation. the cormorants' detection of underwater prey relied on vision. the minimal ... | 2008 | 18310112 |
| submerged swimming of the great cormorant phalacrocorax carbo sinensis is a variant of the burst-and-glide gait. | cormorants are water birds that forage by submerged swimming in search and pursuit of fish. underwater they swim by paddling with both feet simultaneously in a gait that includes long glides between consecutive strokes. at shallow swimming depths the birds are highly buoyant as a consequence of their aerial lifestyle. to counter this buoyancy cormorants swim underwater with their body at an angle to the swimming direction. this mechanical solution for foraging at shallow depth is expected to inc ... | 2005 | 16215212 |
| how do cormorants counter buoyancy during submerged swimming? | buoyancy is a de-stabilizing force for diving cormorants that forage at shallow depths. having to counter this force increases the cost of transport underwater. cormorants are known to be less buoyant than most water birds but are still highly buoyant (rho= approximately 0.8 kg m(-3)) due to their adaptations for aerial flight. nevertheless, cormorants are known to dive at a wide range of depths, including shallow dives where buoyancy is maximal. we analyzed the kinematics of underwater swimming ... | 2004 | 15143144 |
| corneal power and underwater accommodation in great cormorants (phalacrocorax carbo sinensis). | in great cormorants (phalacrocorax carbo sinensis), corneal refractive powers, determined by photokeratometry, ranged between 52.1 diopters (52.1 d) and 63.2 d. photorefractive reflexes, determined by infrared video photorefraction, indicated that in voluntary dives the cormorants accommodate within 40-80 ms of submergence and with myopic focusing relative to the photorefractor attained when prey was approximately one bill length from the plane of the eye. underwater, the pupils were not constri ... | 2003 | 12547938 |
| conspecific reproductive success affects age of recruitment in a great cormorant, phalacrocorax carbo sinensis, colony. | few studies have addressed the proximate factors affecting the age at which individuals of long-lived bird species are recruited into the breeding population. we use capture-recapture analysis of resightings of 16 birth cohorts of colour-ringed great cormorants, phalacrocorax carbo sinensis, in a danish colony to assess the evidence for two hypotheses: conspecific attraction (earlier recruitment when the colony is large) and conspecific reproductive success (earlier recruitment following years o ... | 2001 | 11454297 |
| the incidence of polychlorinated biphenyl and organochlorine pesticide residues in the eggs of the cormorant (phalacrocorax carbo sinensis): an evaluation of the situation in four greek wetlands of international importance. | this study contributed to identifying the current levels of organochlorine pollutants in four greek wetlands of international importance (the evros and axios deltas, and kerkini and prespa lakes), using the cormorant phalacrocorax carbo sinensis as a suitable bioindicator in a region where such information is scarce. residue levels of eight polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) congeners and 13 organochlorine pesticide (oc) compounds were measured in cormorant eggs. most pcbs and ocs (except dieldrin a ... | 2000 | 10943903 |
| prospecting enhances breeding success of first-time breeders in the great cormorant, phalacrocorax carbo sinensis. | in many species of colonial seabirds, young birds visit colonies in the years before they start breeding. this prospecting behaviour may allow them to obtain information that could enhance their future breeding success. we examined the reproductive consequences of prospecting behaviour in the colonial great cormorant, and found support for this idea. new breeders that had been prospecting actively in the previous year obtained breeding sites of higher quality (i.e. closer to sites where conspeci ... | 1999 | 10196055 |
| reduced breeding success of cormorants (phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) in relation to persistent organochlorine pollution of aquatic habitats in the netherlands. | cormorants (phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) breeding in the heavily contaminated sedimentation area of the rivers rhine and meuse have a severely reduced breeding success as compared to several other dutch colonies. a detailed analysis of reproductive performance in combination with chemical analysis of eggs and food from colonies in differently contaminated aquatic habitats is presented. the differences in breeding success between colonies are caused mainly in the egg-stage of breeding. eggshell ... | 1995 | 15091551 |