| disease patterns in the detroit zoo: a study of the avian population from 1973 through 1983. | a retrospective study was conducted to evaluate disease patterns in birds at the detroit zoo from 1973 through 1983. data were derived from the zoo's medical and animal census records; the mean (+/- sd) population of birds during the study period was 469 +/- 42. overall annual morbidity rates were 12.5% to 21.5%, with spring months having the highest morbidity rates. annual mortality rates were 3.1% to 15.2%; 23.9% of the deaths were caused by microbial agents (particularly erysipelothrix rhusio ... | 1985 | 3878351 |
| antimicrobial activity of the anseriform outer eggshell and cuticle. | the avian eggshell is a complex, multifunctional biomineral composed of a calcium carbonate mineral phase and an organic phase of lipids and proteins. the outermost layer of the eggshell, the eggshell cuticle, is an organic layer of variable thickness composed of polysaccharides, hydroxyapatite crystals, lipids and glycoprotein. in addition to regulating gas exchanges, the eggshell cuticle may contain antimicrobial elements. in this study, we investigated the antimicrobial activity of eggshell c ... | 2008 | 18289902 |
| aerobic cloacal and pharyngeal bacterial flora in six species of free-living birds. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the culturable aerobic pharyngeal and cloacal bacterial flora of free-living birds, to determine the physiological bacterial microbiota, to identify possible interactions between feeding behaviour and the composition of the pharyngeal and cloacal microflora and to investigate the occurrence of pathogenic bacteria. | 2014 | 25176477 |
| virulence genes and the antimicrobial susceptibility of escherichia coli, isolated from wild waterbirds, in the netherlands and poland. | affiliation to four phylogroups (a, b1, b2, and d) was examined, among 190 escherichia coli strains, collected from five, wild waterbird species, including the following: the greylag goose-anser anser (61) and the canada goose-branta canadensis (33) obtained in the netherlands, and the mallard-anas platyrhynchos (38), the mute swan-cygnus olor (37), and the great cormorant-phalacrocorax carbo (21) obtained in poland. moreover, the prevalence of 10 virulence factors: asta, iss, iucd, irp2, papc, ... | 2016 | 27348207 |