| [infections in children with cancer]. | in 38 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia and hodgkin's disease 60 episodes of infection were registered showing the unquestionable increased susceptibility to infections in these cases. in 90% of the patients the infectious focus was localized and the pulmonary showed to be the most frequent. the etiology of the infection was established in 53% of the episodes and the bacterial, both gram-positive as gram-negative, showed the greatest frequency. in the second place came viral infections (m ... | 1978 | 687426 |
| chicken dermatitis and loss of feathers from candida albicans. | an epidemic of dermatitis affecting the skin of the back and thighs of chickens in israel is described. the causal organism was shown to be candida albicans. | 1976 | 769771 |
| triethyl-n-hexylammonium triethyl-n-hexylboride: a new antimicrobial showing activity against candida albicans and gram-positive bacteria. | the organic salt triethyl-n-hexylammonium triethyl-n-hexylboride (n(2226)b(2226)) has biostatic effects against two gram-positive bacteria, bacillus subtilis and micrococcus luteus, and the yeast candida albicans. escherichia coli and chicken embryo fibroblasts grown in tissue culture are more refractory to this compound. | 1975 | 811160 |
| induced systemic candidiasis in young broiler chickens. | systemic candidiasis was induced in broiler chickens 14 days old by intravenous injection of a suspension of viable candida albicans cells. injection resulted in decreased body weight, moderate mortality, swollen and reddened livers and kidneys, pancreatitis, and disturbances of the nervous system. three types of neutral disturbances were observed: 1) extreme opisthotonus with spasmodic tremors; 2) extreme torticollis with cranial rotation of 270 degrees: and 3) extreme torticolis which resulted ... | 1975 | 1100037 |
| heat shock protein 88 and aspergillus infection. | immunoblotting was used to dissect the antibody responses in the sera of 50 patients with proven invasive aspergillosis, 28 patients with suspected invasive aspergillosis, 35 patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, and 10 patients with an aspergilloma. this demonstrated the immunodominance of antigenic bands at 88, 84, 51, and 40 kda. monoclonal antibodies against the heat shock protein 90 complexes of candida albicans and the water mold achlya ambisexualis identified these four a ... | 1991 | 1939562 |
| methotrexate analogues. 30. dihydrofolate reductase inhibition and in vitro tumor cell growth inhibition by n epsilon-(haloacetyl)-l-lysine and n delta-(haloacetyl)-l-ornithine analogues and an acivicin analogue of methotrexate. | analogues of methotrexate (mtx) with strong alkylating activity were prepared by replacing the l-glutamate side chain with n omega-haloacetyl derivatives of l-lysine and l-ornithine. haloacetylation was accomplished in 30-40% yield by reaction of the preformed l-lysine and l-ornithine analogues of mtx with p-nitrophenyl bromoacetate or chloroacetate in aqueous sodium bicarbonate at room temperature. all four haloacetamides were potent inhibitors in spectrophotometric assays measuring noncovalent ... | 1987 | 3112397 |
| antibodies to the conserved cytoplasmic domain of the integrin beta 1 subunit react with proteins in vertebrates, invertebrates, and fungi. | the integrin family of cell surface receptors can be divided into three groups on the basis of their homologous beta subunits: beta 1, beta 2, and beta 3. we have raised an antibody against a synthetic peptide corresponding to the cooh-terminal domain of the chicken integrin beta 1 subunit that reacts with beta subunits from a variety of vertebrates, invertebrates, and fungi, demonstrating strong evolutionary conservation of sequences in this domain. in drosophila cells, the antibody recognizes ... | 1988 | 3131349 |
| [studies on using choline salt of n-glucosylpolyfungine as an antifungal preparation for cell culture]. | fungistatic and fungicidal activity as well as the toxicity of the polyfungine derivative of choline n-glucosylpolyfungine salt for chicken embryo fibroblasts were studied. this preparation was found to inhibit the growth of candida albicans, aspergillus niger and penicillium sp. at 25-100 micrograms/ml concentrations of the medium. the highest sensitivity to polyfungine was shown by c. albicans strain, and the lowest by aspergillus niger strain. the preparation studied did not lose its activity ... | 1987 | 3320997 |
| biological and chemical characterization of toxic substances from candida albicans. | whole cells, morphological components, and various extracts of candida albicans were tested for toxicity by methods involving biological activities ordinarily used to characterize bacterial endotoxin. fungal preparations exerted several of these activities, but only at much higher dose levels than those required for bacterial products. both fungal cell walls and intact cells were pyrogenic in rabbits and lethal to actinomycin d-treated mice, but only the former were also lethal to chicken embryo ... | 1972 | 4564290 |
| microbicidal activity of peroxidaseless chicken heterophile leukocytes. | polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) of the domestic chicken lack myeloperoxidase and, therefore, may be useful for studies of myeloperoxidase-independent antimicrobial mechanisms. before such studies were undertaken, it was important to investigate the antimicrobial capacity of these cells against species of opportunistic pathogens that cause infection in humans with defective pmn function. in vitro, chicken pmn, like normal human pmn, readily phagocytized and killed staphylococcus albus. they al ... | 1972 | 4564557 |
| responses of thymectomized and-or bursectomized chickens to sensitization with candida albicans. | | 1970 | 5427156 |
| interaction of aflatoxicosis with candida albicans infections and other stresses in chickens. | | 1971 | 5569774 |
| virulence of escherichia coli in ascending urinary-tract infection in mice. | the virulence of escherichia coli strains in ascending urinary-tract infection was studied in mice drinking a 5% glucose solution; factors determining the virulence were examined. of 33 strains, 8 (group i) infected the bladder and kidney, 10 (group ii) infected only the bladder, while the remaining 15 strains (group iii) did not cause infection. the adherence of group-i and group-ii strains to bladder epithelial cells in vitro was inhibited by d-mannose. in group iii, 13 strains barely adhered ... | 1982 | 6126593 |
| isolation of candida albicans and their sensitivity to antifungal agents. | during 1978 and 1979 outbreaks of candidiasis were encountered in about 500,000 broiler chickens on 30 farms, 30,000 guinea fowl on 4 farms, 500 geese on 1 farm, and 10 penguins in a zoo. this represents the first report of avian candidiasis in taiwan. diagnoses were based on typical gross and microscopic pathology consistent isolation of candida albicans from crop and esophageal lesions, virulence of isolates in rabbits, identification of the isolates as c. albicans serotype a by chlamydospore ... | 1982 | 7042231 |
| pathogenesis on the experimental infections of candida albicans in chickens. | systemic candidiasis were induced in chickens by both intravenous and subcutaneous injections of viable candida albicans. however, infection was not encountered by intratracheal or oral injections. pathologically, necrotic foci were found in the brain, heart, and spleen but not in the liver, kidney and lungs of the diseased chickens. numerous segments of the pseudomycelium were seen in the necrotic areas which were surrounded by foreign body giant cells. pure cultures of the agent were successfu ... | 1982 | 7140438 |
| intractable diarrhoea of infancy and its management: modified cost effective treatment. | one-hundred-twenty infants under 1 year of age suffering from intractable diarrhoea were studied. they had received prior treatment in the form of antimicrobials (100 per cent), stool binding substance (50 percent), antimotility agents (50 per cent), and intravenous (iv) fluids (33 per cent). one-third of them had been hospitalised in peripheral hospitals. all of them had diarrhoea of more than 2 weeks' duration, protein energy malnutrition and were very ill. in addition vomiting, dehydration, f ... | 1994 | 8078114 |
| antimicrobial activity of chicken and turkey heterophil peptides chp1, chp2, thp1, and thp3. | four avian heterophil antimicrobial cationic peptides (chicken heterophil peptides 1 and 2, and turkey heterophil peptides 1 and 3) were evaluated for in vitro microbicidal activity against selected avian pathogens and human pathogens which are harbored by birds. at concentrations of 16-2 micrograms/ml, all four avian peptides effected a greater than 90% reduction in the survival of candida albicans, salmonella enteriditis, and campylobacter jejuni. none of the peptides, including the known anti ... | 1995 | 8748545 |
| [fungal flora in chicken stalls and its etiopathogenic importance for humans and animals]. | in order to find out the mycoflora prevailing in chicken pens, and to appreciate the health hazards for employees (incl. veterinarians) and animals, twenty litter samples and 6 sedimented dust trials were analysed mycologically. the following results were found: bedding and dust samples all contained between 3.57 and 1.30 x 10(7) c.f.u./g dw. the commonest fungus is a. fumigatus with 3.41 x 10(4) - 1.30 x 10(7) c.f.u./g dw in bedding and 2.70 x 10(5) - 3.30 x 10(6) c.f.u./g dw in sedimented dust ... | 1999 | 10209909 |
| [biological activity of spirulina]. | in this review information of spirulina platensis (sp), a blue-green alga (photosynthesizing cyanobacterium) having diverse biological activity is presented. due to high content of highly valuable proteins, indispensable amino acids, vitamins, beta-carotene and other pigments, mineral substances, indispensable fatty acids and polysaccharides, ps has been found suitable for use as bioactive additive. sp produces an immunostimulating effect by enhancing the resistance of humans, mammals, chickens ... | 2001 | 11548244 |
| a helix-loop-helix peptide at the upper lip of the active site cleft of lysozyme confers potent antimicrobial activity with membrane permeabilization action. | recently, we have found that partially unfolded lysozyme exerts broad spectrum antimicrobial action in vitro against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria independent of its catalytic activity. in parallel, an internal peptide (residues 98-112) of hen egg white lysozyme, obtained after digestion with clostripain, possessed broad spectrum antimicrobial action in vitro. this internal peptide is part of a helix-loop-helix domain (87-114 sequence of hen lysozyme) located at the upper lip of the a ... | 2001 | 11560930 |
| candida albicans expresses a focal adhesion kinase-like protein that undergoes increased tyrosine phosphorylation upon yeast cell adhesion to vitronectin and the ea.hy 926 human endothelial cell line. | the signaling pathways triggered by adherence of candida albicans to the host cells or extracellular matrix are poorly understood. we provide here evidence in c. albicans yeasts of a p105 focal adhesion kinase (fak)-like protein (that we termed cafak), antigenically related to the vertebrate p125fak, and its involvement in integrin-like-mediated fungus adhesion to vitronectin (vn) and ea.hy 926 human endothelial cell line. biochemical analysis with different anti-chicken fak antibodies identifie ... | 2002 | 12065524 |
| rearing of germfree and monocontaminated chicks in rigid plastic isolators. | a plexiglas isolator for rearing germfree vertebrates is described. plastic components were precut and finished by a plexiglas supplier. this equipment is relatively inexpensive; moreover, neither special facilities nor skills are required in their construction. advantages of this type of isolator are: readily dismantled for cleaning, durable, excellent visibility of the interior, and minimal maintenance. in 30 separate groups of animals, 27 of these yielded germfree chicks. many of these chicks ... | 1962 | 14486221 |
| developing chick embryos express a protein which shares homology with the nuclear pore complex protein nup88 present in human tumors. | nup88 is a nuclear pore complex protein which is overexpressed in a variety of human tumors of the stomach, colon, liver, pancreas, breast, lung, ovary, uterus, prostate and kidney. a monoclonal antibody crossreacting with the yeast candida albicans and nup88 was used to investigate the expression of cross-reactive antigens in chick embryos, in an attempt to identify an experimental model for studying the role played by nup88 during cell development and differentiation. all cells in the trilamin ... | 2004 | 15300515 |
| [most common allergens in allergic patients admitted into a third-level hospital]. | since year 3000 bc, pollenology (science that studies allergens) was already known. in the year 49 bc, herodotus recognized the first case of hay fever, jacob constant (17th century) described the first case of allergic rhinitis and related it to "something" (allergens) that roses emitted. charles backley (1873) proved the ability of the skin to determine allergic reactions to allergens. today, it is well-known that allergens are able to react with environmental exposure, plants and pollens. | 2004 | 15491079 |
| an antimicrobial peptide from the skin secretions of the mountain chicken frog leptodactylus fallax (anura:leptodactylidae). | a 25 amino-acid-residue, c-terminally alpha-amidated peptide with antimicrobial activity, which has been termed fallaxin, was isolated in high yield from the norepinephrine-stimulated skin secretions of the mountain chicken frog leptodactylus fallax (anura:leptodactylidae). the amino acid sequence of the peptide (gly-val-val-asp-ile-leu-lys-gly-ala-ala-lys-asp-ile-ala-gly-his-leu-ala-ser-lys-val-met-asn-lys-leu.nh2) shows structural similarity with members of the ranatuerin-2 family previously i ... | 2005 | 15544856 |
| mycological examinations on the fungal flora of the chicken comb. | a total of 500 combs of adult chickens from two different locations in germany (hessen and schleswig-holstein) were clinically and mycologically examined. the chickens came from three battery cages (n = 79), one voliere system (n=32), six flocks maintained on deep litter (n = 69) and 12 flocks kept on free outdoor range (n=320). twenty-two of the 500 chicken combs (4.4%) were found to have clinical signs: only non-specific lesions neither typical of mycosis nor of avian pox such as desquamation ... | 2005 | 15743428 |
| [preparation of chicken egg yolk antibody against candida albicans and effect of temperature on its titer]. | to prepare chicken egg yolk antibody (igy) against candida albicans and to study its biological properties in the interest of its further application. | 2006 | 16892153 |
| pcr for the identification and differentiation of histomonas meleagridis, tetratrichomonas gallinarum and blastocystis spp. | in the present investigation pcr assays were developed for the rapid detection and differentiation of two poultry flagellates: histomonas meleagridis and tetratrichomonas gallinarum as well as the protozoan microorganism: blastocystis spp. the nucleotide sequences of the small subunit ribosomal rnas were used for primer construction obtaining fragments which vary in size for each microorganism. the established pcrs were able to detect dna obtained from one microorganism of t. gallinarum and blas ... | 2006 | 16920265 |
| canine cathelicidin (k9cath): gene cloning, expression, and biochemical activity of a novel pro-myeloid antimicrobial peptide. | cathelicidins, a group of cationic peptides found in leukocytes and epithelial cells, play a central role in the early innate immune defense against infection. although these host defense peptides have been reported in several mammalian species, including primates, no cathelicidins have been identified in carnivores. here we report the cloning, tissue expression and biological activity of a novel canine cathelicidin (k9cath). the full-length cdna sequence of k9cath encodes a predicted 172 amino ... | 2007 | 17462733 |
| antigenically activated avian erythrocytes release cytokine-like factors: a conserved phylogenetic function discovered in fish. | fish erythrocytes are endowed with the ability to produce cytokine like factors when stimulated with candida albicans (ca). to evaluate whether similar activities are still conserved in bird erythrocytes (be), a morphological, cytochemical and immunological evaluation was conducted on peripheral cells in chickens (gallus gallus). be form rosettes with monocytes (mo)-macrophages (mø), and mo-mø according to cytochemical analysis to maintain phagocytic functions across the evolution. finally, ca-a ... | 2007 | 17464774 |
| large molecules as anti-adhesive compounds against pathogens. | anti-adhesive compounds are potential prophylactic tools in alternative treatment regimes against bacterial infection, as bacterial adhesion is commonly mediated by carbohydrate-protein interactions between surface adhesions of microorganisms and the host cell. the use of exogenous polyvalent, high-molecular carbohydrates and tannin-like plant-derived compounds should antagonize the adhesive interaction. a range of carbohydrates and carbohydrate- and proanthocyanidin-enriched plant extracts were ... | 2007 | 17637170 |
| in vitro inhibition of oral candida albicans by chicken egg yolk antibody (igy). | this study was conducted to measure candida albicans-specific chicken egg yolk antibody (igy) inhibition of fluconazole-sensitive and resistant strains of c. albicans in order to assess potential use in the prevention and treatment of oral candidiasis. in this study, laying hens were immunized, and igy was extracted by water dilution. the minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) of igy for inhibiting c. albicans growth were determined using the broth microdilution method from the clsi m27-a2 pro ... | 2008 | 18340547 |
| in vitro and in vivo effectiveness of egg yolk antibody against candida albicans (anti-ca igy). | we prepared anti-candida albicans antibody in chicken egg yolk (anti-ca igy) and investigated its in vitro and in vivo effectiveness. anti-ca igy significantly reduced the adherence capacity of c. albicans to fadu cells (human pharynx carcinoma cells) in a dose-dependent manner. the protective efficacy of anti-ca igy was investigated in experimentally induced oral candidiasis in immunosuppressed mice. oral administration of anti-ca igy significantly reduced the number of c. albicans and the scor ... | 2008 | 18375022 |
| detection of different macrophage-activating factor and interferon activities in supernatants of chicken lymphocyte cultures. | chicken spleen lymphocytes were cultivated under various conditions in order to produce and characterise functionally avian lymphokines. biological properties of lymphokine-containing culture supernatants were evaluated with regard to their antiviral activity and their effects on cultured bone marrow-derived chicken macrophages, including induction of cytostatic activity, enhancement of phagocytic activity towards vital candida albicans, and giant cell formation. optimal doses of concanavalin a ... | 1987 | 18766633 |
| the antifungal properties of chicken egg cystatin against candida yeast isolates showing different levels of azole resistance. | the increasing incidence of fungal infections together with the emergence of strains resistant to currently available antifungal drugs calls for the development of new classes of antimycotics. naturally occurring antifungal proteins and peptides are of interest because of low toxicity, immunomodulatory potential and mechanisms of action distinct from those of currently available drugs. in this study, the potent antifungal activity of cystatin, affinity-purified from chicken egg white (cewc), aga ... | 2010 | 19549107 |
| effects of igy against candida albicans and candida spp. adherence and biofilm formation. | the fungal pathogen candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes oral and vaginal mucosal infections as well as systemic disease. the ability of c. albicans to adhere to host surfaces is positively correlated with its pathogenicity. we prepared a polyclonal anti-candida albicans antibody in chicken egg yolk (anti-c. albicans igy) and investigated its in vitro effectiveness in preventing c. albicans adherence and biofilm formation. anti-c. albicans igy significantly reduced th ... | 2009 | 19762981 |
| antimicrobial effect of kappa-carrageenan-based edible film containing ovotransferrin in fresh chicken breast stored at 5 degrees c. | the antimicrobial activity of kappa-carrageenan-based film (kappacf) containing ovotransferrin (otf) against escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium, staphylococcus aureus, and candida albicans was investigated. the effects of packaging with kappacf-otf on fresh chicken breast were also investigated during storage at 5 degrees c. the kappacf-otf showed a slight antimicrobial activity against e. coli (diameter of inhibition zone was <2mm), but the effect was increased synergistically in the pres ... | 2009 | 20416673 |
| synthesis and immunogenicity of a glycopolymer conjugate. | a protective β-mannan trisaccharide epitope from the candida albicans cell wall phosphomannan has been synthesized and activated for copolymerization with acrylamide. the resulting glycopolymer displayed 33 trisaccharide haptens and was derivatized for conjugation to the immunogenic carrier protein, chicken serum albumin. the resulting conjugate achieves a high degree of oligosaccharide substitution while limiting the sites of substitution on the protein. the murine immune response against this ... | 2010 | 21186827 |
| a structurally diversified linker enhances the immune response to a small carbohydrate hapten. | the tether employed to covalently attach β-mannan disaccharide glycoconjugates influences the specificity of rabbit antibodies that protect against candida albicans. two glycoconjugates containing (1 → 2)-β-mannan disaccharides linked to chicken serum albumin (csa) either via a structurally uniform or via a stereodiversified spacer were prepared and evaluated in immunization trials in mice and rabbits. immunization with conjugate vaccine possessing a structurally diversified linker induced highe ... | 2011 | 21544526 |
| pathogenesis of candida albicans infections in the alternative chorio-allantoic membrane chicken embryo model resembles systemic murine infections. | alternative models of microbial infections are increasingly used to screen virulence determinants of pathogens. in this study, we investigated the pathogenesis of candida albicans and c. glabrata infections in chicken embryos infected via the chorio-allantoic membrane (cam) and analyzed the virulence of deletion mutants. the developing immune system of the host significantly influenced susceptibility: with increasing age, embryos became more resistant and mounted a more balanced immune response, ... | 2011 | 21603634 |
| human lysozyme possesses novel antimicrobial peptides within its n-terminal domain that target bacterial respiration. | human milk lysozyme is thought to be a key defense factor in protecting the gastrointestinal tract of newborns against bacterial infection. recently, evidence was found that pepsin, under conditions relevant to the newborn stomach, cleaves chicken lysozyme (clz) at specific loops to generate five antimicrobial peptide motifs. this study explores the antimicrobial role of the corresponding peptides of human lysozyme (hlz), the actual protein in breast milk. five peptide motifs of hlz, one helix-l ... | 2011 | 21851100 |
| tissue distribution, expression, and antimicrobial activity of anas platyrhynchos avian β-defensin 6. | in this study, a novel avian β-defensin (avbd) was isolated from the chaohu duck. the complete nucleotide sequence of the gene contained a 204-bp open reading frame that encoded 67 amino acids (aa), including a signal peptide of 20 aa, a propiece of 5 aa, and a mature peptide of 42 aa. the homology, characterization, and comparison of this gene with avbd from other avian species confirmed that it was duck avbd6. also, the preproprotein of avbd6 from chicken, goose, and duck was highly conserved ... | 2013 | 23243235 |
| biocidal activity of chicken defensin-9 against microbial pathogens. | in this study we identified the expression patterns of β-defensin-9 in chickens from saudi arabia, evaluated the antimicrobial activities of synthetic chicken β-defensin-9 (savbd-9) against pathogenic bacteria and fungi, and investigated the mode of action of savbd-9 on bacterial cells. the avbd-9 gene of saudi chickens encodes a polypeptide of 67 amino acids, which is highly similar to the polypeptide in duck, quail, and goose (97%, 86%, and 87%, respectively) and shares a low sequence similari ... | 2016 | 26914652 |
| embryonated chicken eggs as alternative infection model for pathogenic fungi. | embryonated eggs have been used as infection models for decades in virology and bacteriology. however, they can also be used as an attractive alternative infection model for studying fungal pathogenesis. here, we discuss some general aspects which need to be considered when working with embryonated eggs as infection models. furthermore, we provide detailed protocols and technical tips for infection of embryonated eggs with aspergillus fumigatus and candida albicans via the chorioallantois membra ... | 2012 | 22328397 |
| antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal properties of wines and winery byproducts in relation to their flavonoid content. | grapes produce organic compounds that may be involved in the defense of the plants against invading phytopathogens. these metabolites include numerous phenolic compounds that are also active against human pathogens. grapes are used to produce a variety of wines, grape juices, and raisins. grape pomace, seeds, and skins, the remains of the grapes that are a byproduct of winemaking, also contain numerous bioactive compounds that differ from those found in grapes and wines. this overview surveys an ... | 2014 | 24945318 |
| concurrent fowlpox and candidiasis diseases in backyard chickens with unusual pox lesions in the bursa of fabricius. | concurrent fowlpox and candidiasis diseases occurred in a backyard chicken flock. four deceased chickens (one nagoya breed and three white silkie chickens) were examined for diagnosis. at necropsy, white curd-like plaques were observed in the crop. fungal elements that stained positive for candida albicans with immunohistochemistry were distributed throughout the tongue, choanal mucosa, esophagus, and crop. typical fowlpox lesions, composed of proliferating epithelial cells with ballooning degen ... | 2016 | 27610735 |
| epizootiological characteristics of viable bacteria and fungi in indoor air from porcine, chicken, or bovine husbandry confinement buildings. | microorganisms found in bioaerosols from animal confinement buildings not only foster the risk of spreading diseases among livestock buildings, but also pose health hazards to farm workers and nearby residents. this study identified the various microorganisms present in the air of swine, chicken, and cattle farms with different kinds of ventilation conditions in korea. microbial air samples were collected onto petri dishes with bacterial or fungal growth media using a cascade impactor. endotoxin ... | 2016 | 27456779 |
| csr1/zap1 maintains zinc homeostasis and influences virulence in candida dubliniensis but is not coupled to morphogenesis. | the supply and intracellular homeostasis of trace metals are essential for every living organism. therefore, the struggle for micronutrients between a pathogen and its host is an important determinant in the infection process. in this work, we focus on the acquisition of zinc by candida dubliniensis, an emerging pathogen closely related to candida albicans. we show that the transcription factor csr1 is essential for c. dubliniensis to regulate zinc uptake mechanisms under zinc limitation: it gov ... | 2015 | 26002718 |
| use of candida-specific chicken egg yolk antibodies to inhibit the adhering of candida to denture base materials: prevention of denture stomatitis. | polyclonal anti-candida chicken egg yolk antibodies (anti-igy) were used to investigate the prevention of adherence of candida species to denture base material in vitro. | 2016 | 25393605 |
| a family of glutathione peroxidases contributes to oxidative stress resistance in candida albicans. | candida albicans is a well-adapted human commensal but is also a facultative pathogen that can cause superficial and systemic infections. its remarkable capacity to thrive within the human host relies on its ability to adapt and respond to the local environment of different niches. c. albicans is able to cope with oxidative stress in a coordinated fashion via upregulation of different protective mechanisms. here, we unravel the role of a family of glutathione peroxidase (gpx), designated gpx31, ... | 2014 | 24625675 |
| virulence of south african candida albicans strains isolated from different clinical samples. | candida albicans is a dimorphic opportunistic pathogenic yeast that is commonly isolated from different anatomical sites and clinical samples. it possesses several virulence factors, including secretion of hydrolytic enzymes, the ability to adhere to abiotic surfaces and cells, and the ability to penetrate tissues. we determined the level of in vitro expression of virulence factors by south african clinical c. albicans strains and the correlation among them. furthermore, we determined whether th ... | 2014 | 24577008 |
| fungicidal mechanisms of cathelicidins ll-37 and cath-2 revealed by live-cell imaging. | antifungal mechanisms of action of two cathelicidins, chicken cath-2 and human ll-37, were studied and compared with the mode of action of the salivary peptide histatin 5 (hst5). candida albicans was used as a model organism for fungal pathogens. analysis by live-cell imaging showed that the peptides kill c. albicans rapidly. cath-2 is the most active peptide and kills c. albicans within 5 min. both cathelicidins induce cell membrane permeabilization and simultaneous vacuolar expansion. minimal ... | 2014 | 24492359 |
| phylogenetic and phenotypic characterisation of the 3-ketoacyl-coa thiolase gene family from the opportunistic human pathogenic fungus candida albicans. | gene families are common to all kingdoms of live and most likely derived from gene duplications with subsequent specification for the adaptation to environmental conditions. however, the exact contribution of single members to cellular physiology is difficult to predict. here, we analysed a family of 3-ketoacyl-coa thiolases composed of pot1p, fox3p and pot13p from the dimorphic yeast candida albicans and studied their contribution to fatty acid utilisation and virulence. the presence of three 3 ... | 2013 | 23758791 |
| tlr15 is unique to avian and reptilian lineages and recognizes a yeast-derived agonist. | the tlrs represent a family of pattern recognition receptors critical in the induction of vertebrate immune responses. between 10 and 13 different tlr genes can be identified in each vertebrate species, with many represented as orthologous genes in different species. the agonist specificity of orthologous tlr is also highly conserved. in contrast, tlr15 can only be identified in avian and reptilian genomes, suggesting that this receptor arose ~320 million years ago after divergence of the bird/r ... | 2012 | 23066147 |
| design of a candida albicans disaccharide conjugate vaccine by reverse engineering a protective monoclonal antibody. | a disaccharide-chicken serum albumin conjugate vaccine against candida albicans infections has been developed by reverse engineering a protective monoclonal antibody, c3.1. the binding site of c3.1 binds short oligosaccharides of β1,2-linked mannopyranose residues present in the fungal cell wall phosphomannan. by delineating the fine detail of the molecular recognition of the cell wall β-mannan antigen, a disaccharide epitope was deduced to be the minimum size epitope that should induce the form ... | 2012 | 22877569 |