| cutaneous leishmaniasis in south-western ethiopia: ocholo revisited. | the borough of ocholo, on the western side of the ethiopian rift valley, is an endemic focus for leishmania aethiopica infection and has been surveyed thrice between 1987 and 1990. in 1989, 3022 inhabitants (> 95% of the population) were interviewed and examined. the overall prevalence of localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (lcl) was 3.6-4.0%, with a peak value of 8.5% in the 0-10 years old age group. in half of the patients the active disease was estimated to last for 9.6 +/- 6 months; in 10%, it ... | 1992 | 1440773 |
| the value of a direct agglutination test in the diagnosis of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis in ethiopia. | the usefulness and sensitivity of a direct agglutination test (dat) in the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania aethiopica infection has been investigated. formalin-fixed, trypsin-treated and coomassie blue-stained leishmania promastigotes of various origins were used as antigens. l. major, l. donovani, l. aethiopica but not l. tropica antigen preparations were able to distinguish sera from individuals infected with leishmania from sera of uninfected controls, although the titr ... | 1990 | 1701934 |
| leishmaniasis in kenya: description of leishmaniasis of a domestic goat from transmara, narok district, kenya. | extensive research has been carried out in eastern africa for animal reservoirs of both visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis. the domestic dog has been the only domestic animal so far implicated as a possible reservoir for visceral leishmaniasis. for cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania aethiopica, the hyrax and the giant rat are the proven reservoirs of the disease while several species of rodents have been demonstrated to harbor l. major. recent studies conducted in domestic animals in ... | 1989 | 2772523 |
| heat shock and the relative hexokinase activity of leishmania aethiopica and leishmania donovani. | | 1988 | 3215177 |
| cutaneous leishmaniasis in ethiopia: i. lymphocyte transformation and antibody titre. | the ethiopian cutaneous leishmaniasis (ecl) caused by leishmania aethiopica manifests itself in two different forms: the self-healing localized form (lcl) and the non-self-healing diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (dcl). in patients suffering from these two forms of ecl, the leishmania antigen induced in-vitro lymphocyte response and the leishmania specific antibody titres were investigated. whole promastigotes and a soluble fraction thereof were used as antigens and antibody titres were determine ... | 1986 | 3563321 |
| limited therapeutic action of rifampicin/isoniazid against leishmania aethiopica. | | 1981 | 6114258 |
| high-dose sodium stibogluconate treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in kenya. | cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania aethiopica usually responds poorly to conventional doses of pentavalent antimonial drugs. we treated three patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis acquired in kenya, presumed or documented to be caused by l. aethiopica, with intravenous sodium stibogluconate, 18 to 20 mg sb/kg body-weight twice daily for 30 days. all patients had a good response to treatment, with disappearance of parasites from skin smears and cultures after 14 to 27 days, clinical hea ... | 1983 | 6318408 |
| human immunodeficiency virus and recurrence of cutaneous leishmaniasis long after healed localized cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania aethiopica. | | 1995 | 7570878 |
| cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania aethiopica, on mount elgon, kenya. | a survey of cutaneous leishmaniasis was carried out on the slopes of mount elgon, kenya, including a detailed study of two villages in which cases were known to occur. the disease appeared to be restricted to altitudes between 1750 and 1900 metres, which coincides with an escarpment region. vector sandflies were not found in houses and transmission appeared to be predominantly associated with caves found in the escarpment region. the parasites which were isolated were identified as leishmania ae ... | 1993 | 8250625 |
| the in vitro activity of vernonia amygdalina on leishmania aethiopica. | anti-leishmanial activity of chloroform and methanol extracts of vernonia amygdalina, a plant widely used in ethiopia for the treatment of parasitic infections, has been assessed in vitro on leishmania aethiopica. amastigotes were more sensitive to v. amygdalina than promastigotes. the chloroform extract had a stronger parasiticidal activity, with median effective doses (ed50) of 18.5 micrograms/ml and 13.3 micrograms/ml for promastigotes and amastigotes, than the methanol extract with ed50 of 7 ... | 1993 | 8404883 |
| characterization of leishmania aethiopica from rock hyrax, procavia capensis trapped in najran, saudi arabia. | cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by l. aethiopica is endemic in ethiopia, kenya and south-west africa. in a previous paper, the present authors reported natural leishmania species infection in two hyraxes, p. capensis. in this paper, an isolate from a rock hyrax. p. capensis (pallas, 1766) was enzymatically characterized by demonstrating the mobilities of seven enzymes, to be identical with the reference strain of l. aethiopica. | 1997 | 9257973 |
| indications of the protective role of natural killer cells in human cutaneous leishmaniasis in an area of endemicity. | the role of natural versus acquired immunity to leishmania aethiopica infection in humans is the focus of our studies. we found in previous studies that mononuclear cells from nonexposed healthy swedish donors responded to leishmania antigen stimulation by proliferation and gamma interferon production. the main cell type responding was cd3- cd16/56+ natural killer (nk) cells. these findings led us to suggest that the potential to produce a rapid, nonacquired nk cell response may be a protective ... | 1998 | 9596736 |
| genetic variability within the species leishmania aethiopica does not correlate with clinical variations of cutaneous leishmaniasis. | leishmania aethiopica infections in man result in a spectrum of diseases from lcl to dcl. these clinical manifestations have been attributed to genetic differences within the host or the parasites. in this study two different pcr-based methods were used to elucidate genetic variation within the species l. aethiopica. inter- and intra-specific variations were detected in the its of the ribosomal operon in different strains and species of leishmania, using a pcr-rflp approach, and by a pcr fingerp ... | 2000 | 10699253 |
| the use of direct agglutination test (dat) in serological diagnosis of ethiopian cutaneous leishmaniasis. | leishmania aethiopica (l.a.) is the main species of leishmania that causes ethiopian cutaneous leishmaniasis (ecl). the routine diagnosis of ecl depends on parasitological examination of smear, culture or biopsy. in this study, dat was set-up and evaluated for its diagnostic performance using defined sera of 45 ecl patients, 18 visceral leishmaniasis (vl) patients, 12 patients with other diseases, and 37 normal controls. the test was also evaluated in 64 patients clinically diagnosed as ecl, lep ... | 2002 | 12007442 |
| evaluation of amastigote reactive cells in human cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania aethiopica. | lymphoproliferative responses to three affinity chromatography purified amastigote antigens of leishmania pifanoi, p-2, p-4 and p-8, were evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from patients with ethiopian cutaneous leishmaniasis. antigen-stimulated cells were analysed for the percentage of cd4+, cd8+ and cd16/56+ cells and the expressed levels of gamma interferon (ifngamma) and interleukin (il)-10 were determined in culture supernatants. the amastigote antigens induced cellular ... | 2003 | 12699423 |
| in vitro antileishmanial effects of antibacterial diterpenes from two ethiopian premna species: p. schimperi and p. oligotricha. | three antibacterial diterpenes: (5r,8r,9s,10r)-12-oxo-ent-3,13(16)-clerodien-15-oic acid (1), 16-hydroxy-clerod-3,13(14)-diene-15,16-olide (2) and ent-12-oxolabda-8,13(16)-dien-15-oic acid (3) were previously isolated form premna schimperi and p. oligotricha. since andrographolide and other structurally related diterpenes were shown to have antileishmanial activity, the aim of the present study was to assess the in vitro effect of premna diterpenes against leishmania aethiopica; the causative ag ... | 2003 | 12793911 |
| identification, sequencing and expression of peroxidoxin genes from leishmania aethiopica. | cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is a painful, disfiguring and debilitating disease prevalent in ethiopia and other countries around the world. in ethiopia, cl is primarily caused by leishmania aethiopica and less often by l. tropica and l. major. the intracellular survival mechanisms of leishmania parasites are still not well understood. recently a new family of antioxidant enzymes called peroxidoxins have been identified that play an important role in parasite survival. in this study, we have iden ... | 2006 | 16962062 |
| leishmania (kinetoplastida): species typing with isoenzyme and pcr-rflp from cutaneous leishmaniasis patients in ethiopia. | cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is an increasing public health problem in ethiopia. there is a concern that it is spreading with increased incidence. in this study, we used isoenzyme electrophoresis and internal transcribed spacer one (its1) pcr-rflp techniques to identify leishmania species from cl patients in ethiopia. we obtained isolates from 55 localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (lcl), 3 diffused cutaneous leishmaniasis (dcl) and 36 biopsy samples from 34 lcl and 2 dcl cases from all africa lep ... | 2007 | 17083934 |
| outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis in silti woreda, ethiopia: risk factor assessment and causative agent identification. | an outbreak of skin lesions was reported in june 2005 in the district of silti woreda, 150 km south of addis ababa, by the christian children's fund (ccf) and confirmed to be cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) by our group from the armauer hansen research institute in july 2005. a house-to-house survey of 1907 residents in three kebeles of silti woreda conducted in april 2006 showed a prevalence of 4.8%. rflp analysis of the internal transcribed spacer rna (its1) showed that leishmania aethiopica was ... | 2008 | 18479722 |
| successful treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania aethiopica with liposomal amphothericin b in an immunocompromised traveler returning from eritrea. | abstract. cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania aethiopica is rarely encountered outside disease-endemic areas and there have been no clinical trials evaluating its pharmacotherapy. we describe the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by l. aethiopica using liposomal amphothericin b in an immunocompromised traveler returning from eritrea. | 2011 | 21540377 |
| natural leishmania donovani/leishmania aethiopica hybrids identified from ethiopia. | natural hybridization events have been demonstrated between closely and distantly related leishmania groups despite a predominantly clonal and endogamically sexual mode of reproduction. here we report the first natural hybrid between leishmania aethiopica and leishmania donovani, as evidenced from the analysis of several clones from strain mhom/et/94/abauy. targeted species-identification pcrs revealed the presence of both genotypes, and amplified fragment length polymorphisms indicated that the ... | 2011 | 21558020 |
| treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania aethiopica: a systematic review. | leishmania aethiopica is the etiological agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) in ethiopia and can cause severe and complicated cases such as diffuse cl (dcl), mucocutaneous leishmaniasis or extensive cl, requiring systemic treatment. despite the substantial burden, evidence-based treatment guidelines are lacking. we conducted a systematic review of clinical studies reporting on treatment outcomes of cl due to l aethiopica in order to help identify potentially efficacious medications on cl that ... | 2016 | 26938448 |
| the genetic relationship between leishmania aethiopica and leishmania tropica revealed by comparing microsatellite profiles. | leishmania (leishmania) aethiopica and l. (l.) tropica cause cutaneous leishmaniases and appear to be related. l. aethiopica is geographically restricted to ethiopia and kenya; l. tropica is widely dispersed from the eastern mediterranean, through the middle east into eastern india and in north, east and south africa. their phylogenetic inter-relationship is only partially revealed. some studies indicate a close relationship. here, eight strains of l. aethiopica were characterized genetically an ... | 2015 | 26196393 |
| leishmania aethiopica field isolates bearing an endosymbiontic dsrna virus induce pro-inflammatory cytokine response. | infection with leishmania parasites causes mainly cutaneous lesions at the site of the sand fly bite. inflammatory metastatic forms have been reported with leishmania species such as l. braziliensis, guyanensis and aethiopica. little is known about the factors underlying such exacerbated clinical presentations. leishmania rna virus (lrv) is mainly found within south american leishmania braziliensis and guyanensis. in a mouse model of l. guyanensis infection, its presence is responsible for an hy ... | 2014 | 24762979 |
| multilocus microsatellite signature and identification of specific molecular markers for leishmania aethiopica. | leishmaniasis is a clinically and epidemiologically diverse zoonotic disease caused by obligatory, intracellular protozoan parasites of the genus leishmania. cutaneous leishmaniasis is the most widely distributed form of the disease characterized by skin lesions. leishmania aethiopica is considered the predominant etiological agent in ethiopia. the current study was aimed at developing multilocus microsatellite markers for l. aethiopica isolated from human cutaneous leishmaniasis patients in eth ... | 2013 | 23734874 |
| susceptibility of clinical isolates of leishmania aethiopica to miltefosine, paromomycin, amphotericin b and sodium stibogluconate using amastigote-macrophage in vitro model. | cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) caused by leishmania aethiopica is a public health and social problem with a sequel of severe and mutilating skin lesions. it is manifested in three forms: localized cl (lcl), mucosal cl (mcl) and diffuse cl (dcl). unresponsiveness to sodium stibogluconate (sb(v)) is common in ethiopian cl patients. using the amastigote-macrophage in vitro model the susceptibility of 24 clinical isolates of l. aethiopica derived from untreated patients was investigated. eight strains ... | 2013 | 23434530 |
| local increase of arginase activity in lesions of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis in ethiopia. | cutaneous leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease that is in ethiopia mainly caused by the parasite leishmania aethiopica. this neglected tropical disease is common in rural areas and causes serious morbidity. persistent nonhealing cutaneous leishmaniasis has been associated with poor t cell mediated responses; however, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. | 2012 | 22720104 |
| treatment response of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania aethiopica to cryotherapy and generic sodium stibogluconate from patients in silti, ethiopia. | cutaneous leishmaniasis in ethiopia is caused mainly by leishmania aethiopica. in this study, the response of l. aethiopica to sodium stibogluconate (ssg) and liquid nitrogen in silti has been investigated. patients were divided into two groups by the treating physician and were treated with either liquid nitrogen or ssg. punch biopsy samples were collected from 54 patients with mean age of 20.61 (± 9.87 sd) years for histological characterization. the histological spectrum found to be type-1, t ... | 2012 | 22503475 |