| hiv-leishmania co-infection in portugal: isolation of leishmania infantum mon-24. | | 1994 | 7570814 |
| leishmania-human immunodeficiency virus coinfection in the mediterranean basin: isoenzymatic characterization of 100 isolates of the leishmania infantum complex. | isoenzymatic characterization was done on 100 isolates obtained from visceral leishmaniasis (vl) patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv); isolates had been received between 1986 and 1993 at the international leishmania cryobank and identification centre in montpellier, france. electrophoresis was done with 15 isoenzymes using the starch gel technique combined, where appropriate, with isoelectrofocusing. nine leishmania infantum zymodemes were identified; l. infantum zymodeme ... | 1995 | 7797943 |
| the isolation of leishmania donovani mon-18, from an aids patient in portugal: possible needle transmission. | the spread of hiv infection into leishmaniasis endemic areas has increased the incidence of immunosupressed patients with kalaazar in portugal. the dermotropic zymodeme mon-24 of leishmania infantum has been already isolated from a portuguese aids patient, as in some other mediterranean countries. in this paper we report the isolation of l. donovani mon-18 from a drug addicted portuguese patient with clinical visceral leishmaniasis and aids, that suggests a mechanically transmitted infection by ... | 1994 | 9140504 |
| reliability of serological methods for detection of leishmaniasis in portuguese domestic and wild reservoirs. | a direct agglutination test (dat) and an immunofluorescence technique (ifat) were compared for detection of leishmania infantum infection in 43 dogs and five foxes from alto-douro and arrábida, two known endemic areas in portugal. in four dogs with proved canine leishmaniasis, both dat and ifat showed positive readings (titres > or = 1:320 and > or = 1:128). of 34 samples collected from apparently healthy dogs, ten were positive by both serological tests and eight were serologically positive by ... | 1996 | 9283658 |
| infectivity of promastigotes and amastigotes of leishmania infantum in a canine model for leishmaniosis. | seven dogs experimentally infected with amastigotes or culture promastigotes of leishmania infantum mon-1 were observed for a period of up to 38 months. the course of infection was monitored by clinical and parasitological examinations, haematological and serum protein analysis, and by anti-leishmania antibody levels. two of the three amastigote-inoculated dogs developed a symptomatic infection with haematological and protein alterations, and a strong humoral immune response. the third dog was a ... | 2000 | 10996738 |
| [the phlebotomines of portugal. x--natural infestation of phlebotomus perniciosus by leishmania infantum mon-1 in algarve]. | | 2001 | 11802277 |
| leishmania infantum mon-98: infection in a dog from alto douro, portugal. | we report the isolation of leishmania infantum zymodeme mon-98 in portugal, its first known occurrence outside the focus of el agamy, egypt. one dog found to be infected with acanthocheilonema dracunculoides during a survey of canine filariosis in the alto douro region, north-east portugal, was also discovered to have leishmania in bone marrow. the isolated strain was identified by isoenzyme analysis. a search for other possible cases of l. infantum mon-98 infection in dogs, vectors and particul ... | 2002 | 12062796 |
| [cutaneous leishmaniasis. unusual disease in portugal?]. | due to its morbility and disfiguring scars, cutaneous leishmaniasis is a serious public health problem. the incidence of the disease, world wide, is estimated to be of 1 million to 1.5 million cases per year. in portugal, it has been considered a rare disease and sporadic cases have been described. in southwest europe, leishmania infantum has been the only agent responsible for the autochthonous cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis. in 1994, in an portuguese clinical case, the parasite isolated from ... | 2002 | 12645224 |
| sero-epidemiological study of canine leishmania spp. infection in the municipality of alijó (alto douro, portugal). | visceral leishmaniosis caused by leishmania infantum is a zoonotic disease in the mediterranean basin. we report an epidemiological survey carried out in dogs from the municipality of alijó in the endemic region of alto douro (north portugal). performance of the direct agglutination test (dat) was assessed in 205 matching samples of blood collected on filter paper and serum. a high degree of agreement (97.6%; k = 0.83) was found between the results obtained from both types of samples. dat was th ... | 2004 | 15110400 |
| serological survey of leishmania infection in dogs from the municipality of peso da régua (alto douro, portugal) using the direct agglutination test (dat) and fast agglutination screening test (fast). | leishmaniasis caused by leishmania infantum is a prevalent disease in dogs and humans. a serological survey of leishmania infection in dogs was carried out in the endemic region of alto douro (north portugal). two hundred and ninety-four dogs from the municipality of peso da régua were examined for clinical signs of canine leishmaniasis (canl), and sera samples were evaluated by the direct agglutination test (dat) and the fast agglutination screening test (fast). the sero-prevalence of infection ... | 2004 | 15234658 |
| application of kdna as a molecular marker to analyse leishmania infantum diversity in portugal. | around the mediterranean basin leishmania infantum is an important parasite causing canine leishmaniasis and visceral and cutaneous clinical forms in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised humans. efficient monitoring and evaluation of epidemiology with discriminatory molecular markers are required. we investigated the genetic diversity of l. infantum in portugal by polymerase chain amplification and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of kinetoplastid dna, as molecular marker. ... | 2006 | 16959531 |
| leishmaniasis in portugal: enzyme polymorphism of leishmania infantum based on the identification of 213 strains. | this study reports isoenzyme polymorphism of leishmania strains isolated in different regions of portugal between 1982 and 2005. a total of 213 strains were obtained from cases of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis isolated from immunocompetent patients (adults and children) and immunocompromised adults, as well as from dogs and sandflies. four zymodemes were identified: mon-1, mon-24, mon-29 and mon-80. zymodeme mon-1 was identified in 96.7% of the strains, predominating in both immunocompete ... | 2006 | 17054751 |
| importance of cats in zoonotic leishmaniasis in portugal. | leishmaniasis, caused by leishmania infantum, is an endemic zoonosis in the mediterranean basin. dogs are considered the major host for these parasites, as well as the main reservoir for human visceral infection. in recent years, asymptomatic infection or clinical disease caused by l. infantum in cats has been reported in several countries where zoonotic leishmaniasis is present. the aim of the present study was to perform a leishmaniasis survey in cats from an endemic focus. twenty-three adult ... | 2008 | 18471058 |
| detection of leishmania infantum in captive wolves from southwestern europe. | the aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of leishmania infantum infection in a wild reservoir host (canis lupus) throughout an endemic area for the disease (southern europe). for that reason, the serum and peripheral blood samples of 33 captive wolves from the european breeding of endangered species programme (eep) were analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and real-time quantitative pcr (qpcr). l. infantum was detected in three samples from central por ... | 2008 | 18823711 |
| low seroprevalence of leishmania infantum infection in cats from northern portugal based on dat and elisa. | cats have been considered playing a role in the epidemiology of leishmaniasis caused by leishmania infantum, an endemic zoonosis in countries of the mediterranean basin. the present study assessed the prevalence of antibodies to l. infantum in 316 domestic cats from northern portugal, by means of the direct agglutination test (dat) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). seroreactivity to dat was found in six cats, and nine cats were positive in the elisa, including the six dat-positiv ... | 2010 | 20851524 |
| genetic diversity of human zoonotic leishmaniasis in iberian peninsula. | leishmaniasis caused by leishmania (leishmania) infantum is a zoonotic disease endemic in south europe, from portugal to the middle east. the aim of the present study was to investigate the genetic diversity of l. infantum parasites in iberian peninsula. twenty-four l. infantum strains isolated from immunocompetent patients with leishmaniasis from several localities of portugal and spain were studied. the use of kinetoplast dna-pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism as a molecular marker r ... | 2010 | 21040506 |
| [epidemiology of leishmaniases in portugal]. | leishmaniases, caused by the intracellular protozoan leishmania infantum, are an endemic zoonosis in the mediterranean basin. dogs are considered the major host for these parasites, and the main reservoir for human visceral infection. parasites are transmitted by the bite of phlebotomine sand flies, being phlebotomus perniciosus and p. ariasi the proven vectors in portugal. the global climate changes associated with a higher density and activity of sand flies during a larger period might enhance ... | 2010 | 21144327 |
| cytokine gene expression in the tissues of dogs infected by leishmania infantum. | canine leishmaniosis (canl) caused by the protozoan parasite leishmania infantum is a chronic systemic disease that is endemic in certain parts of the world. the domestic dog is the most important reservoir of l. infantum and is the main source of infection for other animals and for the human population. the aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the level of expression of genes encoding particular cytokines (interleukin [il]-12, interferon [ifn]-γ, il-2 and il-4) in different tissues and ... | 2011 | 21511273 |
| seroepidemiological survey of leishmania infantum infection in dogs from northeastern portugal. | northeastern portugal is a region where canine leishmaniasis (canl) is endemic. in this study, a sero-epidemiological survey was conducted in 654 dogs from that geographical area. serum samples were evaluated by the direct agglutination test (dat) and also by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using five different defined antigens. seroprevalence of infection was 21.3% based on the assumption that seropositive animals were positive for at least three tests. a high degree of agreement was ... | 2011 | 21741348 |
| prevalence of dirofilaria immitis, ehrlichia canis, borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, anaplasma spp. and leishmania infantum in apparently healthy and cvbd-suspect dogs in portugal--a national serological study. | canine vector-borne diseases (cvbds) are caused by a wide range of pathogens transmitted to dogs by arthropods including ticks and insects. many cvbd-agents are of zoonotic concern, with dogs potentially serving as reservoirs and sentinels for human infections. the present study aimed at assessing the seroprevalence of infection with or exposure to dirofilaria immitis, ehrlichia canis, borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, anaplasma spp. and leishmania infantum in dogs in portugal. | 2012 | 22452990 |
| feline vector-borne pathogens in the north and centre of portugal. | in recent years, several clinical cases and epidemiological studies of feline vector-borne diseases (fvbd) have been reported worldwide. nonetheless, information on fvbd agents and their prevalence in portugal is scarce. | 2013 | 23587366 |
| bacterial and protozoal agents of feline vector-borne diseases in domestic and stray cats from southern portugal. | feline vector-borne diseases (fvbd) have emerged in recent years, showing a wider geographic distribution and increased global prevalence. in addition to their veterinary importance, domestic cats play a central role in the transmission cycles of some fvbd agents by acting as reservoirs and sentinels, a circumstance that requires a one health approach. the aim of the present work was to molecularly detect feline vector-borne bacteria and protozoa with veterinary and zoonotic importance, and to a ... | 2014 | 24655431 |
| bacterial and protozoal agents of canine vector-borne diseases in the blood of domestic and stray dogs from southern portugal. | the so-called canine vector-borne diseases (cvbd) are caused by a wide range of pathogens transmitted by arthropods. in addition to their veterinary importance, many of these canine vector-borne pathogens can also affect the human population due to their zoonotic potential, a situation that requires a one health approach. as the prevalence of vector-borne pathogens in cats from southern portugal has been recently evaluated, the aim of the present study was to assess if the same agents were prese ... | 2015 | 25886525 |
| diagnosis and incidence risk of clinical canine monocytic ehrlichiosis under field conditions in southern europe. | canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (cme), due to the bacterium ehrlichia canis and transmitted by the brown dog tick rhipicephalus sanguineus, is a major tick-borne disease in southern europe. in this area, infections with other vector-borne pathogens (vbp) are also described and result in similar clinical expression. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the incidence risk of clinical cme in those endemic areas and to assess the potential involvement of other vbp in the occurrence of clinical ... | 2015 | 25561342 |
| molecular detection of leishmania dna and identification of blood meals in wild caught phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) from southern portugal. | zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis caused by leishmania infantum which is transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies (diptera, psychodidae) is endemic in the mediterranean basin. the main objectives of this study were to (i) detect leishmania dna and (ii) identify blood meal sources in wild caught female sand flies in the zoonotic leishmaniasis region of algarve, portugal/southwestern europe. | 2015 | 25889732 |
| first report of anaplasma platys infection in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and molecular detection of ehrlichia canis and leishmania infantum in foxes from portugal. | the bacteria anaplasma platys and ehrlichia canis and the protozoan leishmania infantum are vector-borne agents that cause canine vector-borne diseases, some of which are zoonotic. the present survey investigated the prevalence of anaplasma, ehrlichia and leishmania in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) from portugal by molecular analysis, in order to evaluate the epidemiological role of these canids as reservoirs of infection. | 2015 | 25889750 |
| prevalence of antibodies to leishmania infantum and toxoplasma gondii in horses from the north of portugal. | leishmania infantum and toxoplasma gondii are protozoa with zoonotic and economic importance. prevalences of antibodies to these agents were assessed in 173 horses from the north of portugal. | 2013 | 23773870 |
| leishmania infection and host-blood feeding preferences of phlebotomine sandflies and canine leishmaniasis in an endemic european area, the algarve region in portugal. | the algarve region (ar) in southern portugal, which is an international tourist destination, has been considered an endemic region of zoonotic leishmaniasis caused by leishmania infantum since the 1980s. in the present study, phlebotomine and canine surveys were conducted to identify sandfly blood meal sources and to update the occurrence of leishmania infection in vectors and dogs. four sandfly species were captured: phlebotomus perniciosus, phlebotomus ariasi, phlebotomus sergenti and sergento ... | 0 | 23827997 |
| natural infection of synathropic rodent species mus musculus and rattus norvegicus by leishmania infantum in sesimbra and sintra--portugal. | canine leishmaniosis caused by leishmania infantum is a parasitic zoonotic disease transmitted by phlebotomine sandflies (diptera: psychodidae). genus phlebotomus is the biological vector in the old world and lutzomyia in the new world. the dog is the domestic reservoir host but other animals like the fox (vulpes vulpes) and rodents are known to maintain the infection in both sylvatic and domestic cycles. | 2013 | 23566789 |
| kdna genetic signatures obtained by lssp-pcr analysis of leishmania (leishmania) infantum isolated from the new and the old world. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) caused by species from the leishmania donovani complex is the most severe form of the disease, lethal if untreated. vl caused by leishmania infantum is a zoonosis with an increasing number of human cases and millions of dogs infected in the old and the new world. in this study, l. infantum (syn. l.chagasi) strains were isolated from human and canine vl cases. the strains were obtained from endemic areas from brazil and portugal and their genetic polymorphism was ascer ... | 2012 | 22912862 |
| serological investigation of leishmania infantum, dirofilaria immitis and angiostrongylus vasorum in dogs from southern portugal. | leishmaniosis, dirofilariosis and angiostrongylosis are parasitic diseases of established importance in dogs worldwide. the aim of the present report was to determine all together levels of infection with or exposure to leishmania infantum, dirofilaria immitis and angiostrongylus vasorum in dogs from the algarve region, in southern portugal. | 2015 | 25890353 |
| in vitro evaluation of portuguese propolis and floral sources for antiprotozoal, antibacterial and antifungal activity. | propolis is a beehive product with a very complex chemical composition, used since ancient times in several therapeutic treatments. as a contribution to the improvement of drugs against several tropical diseases caused by protozoa, we screened portuguese propolis and its potential floral sources populus x canadensis and cistus ladanifer against plasmodium falciparum, leishmania infantum, trypanosoma brucei and trypanosoma cruzi. the toxicity against mrc-5 fibroblast cells was evaluated to assess ... | 2014 | 23722631 |
| prevalence of dirofilaria immitis antigen and antibodies to leishmania infantum in cats from southern portugal. | vector-borne diseases (vbd) are caused by a range of pathogens transmitted by arthropods and have emerged in recent years, showing a wider geographic distribution and increased global prevalence. in addition to their veterinary medical importance, cats play a central role in the transmission cycles of some vbd agents by acting as reservoirs, amplifying hosts or sentinels. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dirofilaria immitis antigen and of antibodies to leishmania infantum ... | 2015 | 25463307 |
| new microsatellite markers for multi-scale genetic studies on phlebotomus ariasi tonnoir, vector of leishmania infantum in the mediterranean area. | the population structure of phlebotomus ariasi, a proven vector of leishmania infantum in the mediterranean area, is still poorly understood. previously, only two microsatellite loci had been developed to study the population genetics of this species. herein we use these loci and determined fourteen novel microsatellite loci, useful for the characterization of p. ariasi populations. these loci were tested on three populations of p. ariasi, two from france and one from portugal. in addition, the ... | 2015 | 25447832 |
| genetic diversity evaluation on portuguese leishmania infantum strains by multilocus microsatellite typing. | leishmania infantum is the main etiological agent of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in the mediterranean region, including portugal, but, given its low isoenzyme diversity in this country, the population structure is poorly known. a set of 14 polymorphic microsatellite markers was studied on 136 portuguese leishmania strains isolated from different hosts, geographic regions and different clinical forms. a total of 108 different genotypes were found, which is a degree of genetic diversity compar ... | 2014 | 24815728 |
| cutaneous leishmaniosis in a horse from northern portugal. | the first case of cutaneous leishmaniosis in a horse from the north of portugal, with a 1.5 cm in diameter ulcerated nodular lesion on the left face, is reported. the skin nodule was surgically excised and assessed by histopathology, including an immunohistochemistry method applied for the first time to equine tissues which clearly demonstrated leishmanial amastigote forms. two serological determinations with the direct agglutination test performed 13 months apart showed seroconversion specific ... | 2014 | 24388338 |
| an atypical case of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania infantum in portugal. | leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease caused by an intracellular protozoan that belongs to the genus leishmania and is transmitted by a phlebotomine sandfly. in southwest europe, including portugal, cutaneous leishmaniasis is considered a rare disease of unknown or underestimated prevalence. leishmania infantum is the only species identified as responsible for the autochthonous cases.we report the case of a 66-year-old man with an erythematous, painless plaque on the mid face region, accompanied ... | 2013 | 24314782 |
| risk factors for canine leishmaniasis in an endemic mediterranean region. | human visceral leishmaniasis is an emergent/re-emergent parasitic zoonotic disease in europe caused by leishmania infantum, with domestic dog as its main reservoir host. this study presents the results of a canine epidemiological survey in a mediterranean region where human and canine leishmaniasis (canl) are endemic - portugal. the main goal was to identify risk factors, which can be relevant for leishmania infection control. the national survey was carried out in january 2009 with a screening ... | 2012 | 22575278 |