| a multiple antigen elisa to detect neospora-specific antibodies in bovine sera, bovine foetal fluids, ovine and caprine sera. | neospora caninum is a cyst-forming coccidian parasite recently identified as a cause of abortion in cattle. the epidemiology of neosporosis is poorly understood, partly because accurate diagnosis of infection is difficult. in this paper we describe the development of a multiple antigen-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to detect antibodies to n. caninum in sera from cattle, sheep and goats as well as from bovine foetal fluids. a water-soluble fraction (wsf) of sonicated nc-1 strain ... | 1998 | 9777723 |
| cultivation and phylogenetic characterization of a newly recognized human pathogenic protozoan. | an intraerythrocytic protozoan (wa1) recently isolated from a patient in washington state was shown to be morphologically identical to babesia microti but biologically and genetically distinct. continuous growth of wa1 was established in stationary erythrocyte cultures. hybridization of a chemiluminescent babesia-specific dna probe to southern blots of restriction enzyme-digested genomic dna showed that wa1 could be distinguished from other babesia species that were antigenically cross-reactive ... | 1994 | 8169390 |
| a fatal case of babesiosis in missouri: identification of another piroplasm that infects humans. | to characterize the etiologic agents (mo1) of the first reported case of babesiosis acquired in missouri. | 1996 | 8607592 |
| course of infection by babesia sp. bq1 (lintan) and b. divergens in sheep depends on the production of ifngamma and il10. | ovine babesiosis is an important disease in china and responsible for economic losses. several babesia strains are involved, but babesia sp. bq1 (lintan) and babesia sp. bq1 (ningxian) are particularly prevalent in the guansu region. babesia divergens, in contrast, can experimentally infect spleen-intact sheep, but does not induce clinical signs. the immune response of spleen-intact sheep to babesia sp. bq1 (lintan) and to b. divergens was therefore compared to identify the immune mechanisms inv ... | 2010 | 20070828 |
| redescription of babesia capreoli (enigk and friedhoff, 1962) from roe deer (capreolus capreolus): isolation, cultivation, host specificity, molecular characterisation and differentiation from babesia divergens. | the recent use of the sole molecular identification of babesia infecting european cervids has led to confusion between the closely related babesia divergens and babesia capreoli, and to their grouping together as "b. divergens-like". in order to clarify this taxonomic confusion, babesia from roe deer, cattle and human blood were isolated, cultured and their biological as well as molecular characteristics compared. on this basis, we conclude that: (i) the parasites isolated from roe deer blood ar ... | 2010 | 19733572 |
| molecular detection and characterization of piroplasms infecting cervids and chamois in northern spain. | wildlife can act as reservoir of different tick-borne pathogens of veterinary and zoonotic importance. to investigate the role of wild ruminants as reservoir of piroplasm infection, 28 red deer, 69 roe deer and 38 chamois from northern spain were examined by reverse line blot (rlb) hybridization. the survey detected a prevalence of 85.7% in red deer, 62.3% in roe deer and 28.9% in chamois. four different piroplasms were identified: theileria sp. ot3 (previously described in sheep) as the most pr ... | 2007 | 17076924 |
| babesia spp. identified by pcr in ticks collected from domestic and wild ruminants in southern switzerland. | concurrent infections with vector-borne pathogens affected a cattle herd in switzerland, and one of the pathogens was identified as babesia bigemina, which had never been observed in this country before. therefore, a survey of the occurrence of ruminant babesia spp. and their tick vectors in switzerland was conducted. a total of 2,017 ticks were collected from sheep, goats, cattle, and wild ruminants (deer, roe deer, and chamois) in southern parts of switzerland and identified morphologically. t ... | 2006 | 17021198 |
| isolation of babesia divergens from carrier cattle blood using in vitro culture. | babesia divergens, the main causative agent of bovine babesiosis in western europe, was isolated from naturally infected cattle. ninety-six blood samples were examined by means of an in vitro culture technique in sheep erythrocytes: 19 of them were collected from animals in the acute phase of the disease with visible parasitemia on blood smears, while the 77 remaining animals showed no microscopically detectable parasites. b. divergens was cultured from the 19 first blood samples as well as from ... | 2004 | 15099510 |
| babesia bovis merozoites invade human, ovine, equine, porcine and caprine erythrocytes by a sialic acid-dependent mechanism followed by developmental arrest after a single round of cell fission. | babesia bovis infections have only been observed in bovine species in contrast to babesia divergens that also can infect humans, sheep and rodents. using an in vitro assay that assesses invasion of erythrocytes by free merozoites after a 1-h incubation period, it was shown that specificity is not determined by host-specific interactions associated with invasion. human erythrocytes were invaded more efficiently than bovine erythrocytes whereas erythrocytes of sheep, pigs and horses were invaded o ... | 2003 | 14636675 |
| sheep as a new experimental host for babesia divergens. | babesia divergens was cultivated in sheep erythrocytes in rpmi 1640 supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (fcs) or sheep serum. in vitro cultures in sheep red blood cells were initiated with human erythrocytes infected in vitro with b. divergens rouen 1987 or with gerbil blood infected with several isolates from bovine origin. after the first subcultures on sheep erythrocytes, a ten-fold multiplication of the parasites was obtained within 48 h. erythrocytes from three splenectomized sheep were ... | 2002 | 12199370 |
| chymotrypsin and neuraminidase treatment inhibits host cell invasion by babesia divergens (phylum apicomplexa). | the process of host cell invasion by babesia divergens is poorly understood and improved knowledge of the mechanism involved could lead to development of measures effective in disease prevention. the investigate parasite ligands on the erythrocyte surface, b. divergens cultures in bovine erythrocytes were transferred into enzyme-treated bovine, human, ovine and equine erythrocytes. parasite invasion of bovine erythrocytes was not affected by trypsin treatment while treatment with alpha-chymotryp ... | 2002 | 12166519 |
| invasion, and short- and long-term survival of babesia divergens (phylum apicomplexa) cultures in non-bovine sera and erythrocytes. | in order to explore the feasibility of producing a babesia divergens live vaccine free of bovine material contaminants the parasite's ability to grow in human, sheep and horse erythrocytes and serum and serum-free medium was investigated. b. divergens was successfully maintained in bovine erythrocytes overlaid with serum-free hl-1 medium. supplementation of the culture medium with bovine or sheep serum improved parasite growth (monitored by measuring parasitaemia and uptake of tritiated hypoxant ... | 2002 | 12118713 |
| diversity of babesia infecting european sheep ticks (ixodes ricinus). | questing ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodidae) adult and nymphal ticks collected in various parts of slovenia were tested for the presence of babesial parasites with a pcr assay based on the nuclear small subunit rrna gene (nss-ribosomal dna [rdna]). thirteen of 135 ticks were found to contain babesial dna. sequence determination and analysis of amplified portions of nss-rdna revealed their identity with babesia microti and a high degree of homology with babesia odocoilei and babesia divergens. the r ... | 2001 | 11526189 |
| distribution and ecology of ticks (acari: ixodidae) infesting livestock in tunisia: an overview of eighth years field collections. | ticks (ixodidae) play a significant role as vectors of pathogens of domestic animals in tunisia. the major losses caused by ticks are related to transmission of protozoan parasites. these include agents of tropical theileriosis and babesiosis in ruminants. since 1991, we conducted research studies on tick population of livestock in tunisia. this overview reports a synthesis on tick distribution, their biology and their role as vectors of pathogens in domestic animals, particularly cattle. during ... | 1999 | 11071534 |
| individual heterogeneity in erythrocyte susceptibility to babesia divergens is a critical factor for the outcome of experimental spleen-intact sheep infections. | susceptibility of sheep erythrocytes to babesia divergens was investigated in vitro and a high inter-individual variability in their ability to support parasite population development was demonstrated, with some individuals having refractory red blood cells (rbc). as neither changes in growth conditions nor the use of different b. divergens strains influenced the level of susceptibility, the main factor postulated for this variability is the erythrocyte itself. sheep therefore represent an excel ... | 2009 | 19245784 |
| babesia divergens experimental infection of spleen-intact sheep results in long-lasting parasitemia despite a strong humoral response: preliminary results. | babesia divergens is an intraerythrocytic apicomplexa and the main agent of bovine babesiosis in europe. the infection in cattle develops in 2 phases: an acute phase with hemolytic anemia and a chronic phase with asymptomatic persistence of the parasite for several years. the acute phase of b. divergens infection can be studied using the gerbil (meriones unguiculatus) as a laboratory model but unlike cattle, this animal rapidly eliminates the parasite. an experimental model to study the chronic ... | 2009 | 19765903 |