| cattle breed alters reproduction in amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae). | female amblyomma americanum [l.] that feed on bos taurus cattle weigh significantly (p = 0.05) more (mean = 505.4 mg) than females that feed on b. indicus x b. taurus cattle (mean = 450.7 mg) but not females that feed on b. indicus cattle (mean = 489.7 mg). females that feed on b. taurus cattle lay more eggs (mean = 3492) and produce more larvae (mean = 3243) than females that feed on b. indicus cattle (mean = 3103 eggs; 2925 larvae) or b. indicus x b. taurus cattle (mean = 2961 eggs; 2759 larva ... | 1990 | 2081445 |
| control of lone star ticks (acari: ixodidae) on spanish goats and white-tailed deer with orally administered ivermectin. | ivermectin administered orally to spanish goats, capra hircus (l.), or to white-tailed deer, odocoileus virginianus (zimmerman), was highly effective against lone star ticks, amblyomma americanum (l.). for spanish goats, daily oral doses of 20 micrograms/kg resulted in greater than or equal to 2 ppb ivermectin in the blood. this level was sufficient to cause greater than 95% reduction of estimated larvae from feeding ticks. a bioassay with horn flies, haematobia irritans (l.), was developed to e ... | 1989 | 2607030 |
| sites of attachment and density assessment in amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) on nursing beef calves. | primary attachment sites of male, female, and nymphal amblyomma americanum (l.) on nursing beef calves were the axillary, inguinal and perianal areas of the body. about 50% of all larvae fed on the ears. a density assessment method which uses the number of a. americanum on less than or equal to 5 body areas to predict the total number of ticks (tick burden) on the left side of a calf is presented. estimates of tick burden for male, female, nymphal and larval a. americanum each require examinatio ... | 1989 | 2714123 |
| habitat use by cattle affects host contact with lone star ticks (acari: ixodidae). | the location of zebu, british, and zebu x british cattle in tick-infested plots from march through september 1986 was compared with the location of amblyomma americanum l. in the same plots. in april, may, and june, zebu cattle spent less time (9.3-19.4%) in tick-infested quadrats than british (44.4-63.9%) or zebu-british (49.0-69.3%) cattle. in the same months, the probability that a. americanum would contact zebu cattle (1.5-19.6%) was significantly lower than for british (34.7-41.7%) or zebu- ... | 1989 | 2754101 |
| seasonal changes in feeding on cattle and reproduction by amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) under field conditions. | | 1988 | 3357171 |
| density perturbation in populations of amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) in beef cattle forage areas in response to two regimens of vegetation management. | | 1986 | 3950182 |
| acquisition and expression of resistance by bos indicus and bos indicus x bos taurus calves to amblyomma americanum infestation. | purebred and crossbred bos indicus calves were infested 1, 2, or 3 times with 10 female and 5 male amblyomma americanum. resistance was acquired by both the purebred and the crossbred calves after 1 infestation and resulted in statistically significant decreases in the percentages of females that engorged, the mean weights of engorged females, and the mean weights of egg masses. comparisons between breeds of the percent of female ticks that engorged during the first and second infestations indic ... | 1985 | 3998956 |
| density estimators for populations of the lone star tick, amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae), on pastured beef cattle. | | 1985 | 4009621 |
| injury thresholds and production loss functions for the lone star tick, amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae), on pastured, preweaner beef cattle, bos taurus. | | 1985 | 4056195 |
| strategic treatment of pastured beef cattle with acaricides: effect on populations of the lone star tick (acari: ixodidae). | | 1983 | 6826885 |
| growth in lone star ticks, amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae), feeding on cattle: a laboratory study. | | 1982 | 7120307 |
| uptake, incorporation and redistribution of arachidonic acid in isolated salivary glands of the lone star tick. | the ability of isolated salivary glands from the lone star tick, amblyomma americanum, to take up, incorporate and redistribute [3h]arachidonic acid was examined. uptake of arachidonic acid was concentration dependent--a single salivary gland incorporated up to approximately 2.8 micrograms arachidonic acid in 60 min. over 90% of the [3h]arachidonate entering the glands was esterified and found only in the phospholipid (approximately 80%) and triglyceride (approximately 10%). essentially no radio ... | 1995 | 7742831 |
| integrated management strategies for amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) on pastured beef cattle. | data on tick control and knowledge of the damage caused to beef cattle by tick feeding were incorporated into a computerized dynamic life table model (lstsim) for amblyomma americanum (l.). simulations were made to determine economically feasible, 5-yr integrated pest management (ipm) strategies for a. americanum in forage areas utilized by bos taurus, bos indicus, and crossbred cattle (b. taurus x b. indicus). the effects of host resistance, pasture rotation, habitat conversion, topical acarici ... | 1994 | 7932604 |
| new version of lstsim for computer simulation of amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) population dynamics. | a previous version of lone star tick simulation model (lstsim) for a wildlife ecosystem was revised and expanded to include a beef cattle forage area and improved handling of tick-host-habitat interactions. relationships between environmental and biological variables were also refined in the new version. general validity of the revised model was established by comparing simulated and observed host-seeking populations of amblyomma americanum (l.) at five geographic locations, three in oklahoma an ... | 1993 | 8254630 |
| delivery of ivermectin by injectable microspheres. | a bioabsorbable, injectable microsphere formulation containing ivermectin in poly-(lactide-co-glycolide) copolymer (pla/pga) was developed to provide long-lasting delivery of the drug for control of livestock pests. a solvent-evaporation technique was used to produce the spherical beads containing approximately 30% ivermectin and ranging in size from 25-250 microns. the pattern of delivery of the drug into the blood stream of spanish goats was characterized for a 50:50 pla/pga, a 90:10 pla/pga c ... | 1998 | 9650514 |
| detection of ehrlichia phagocytophila dna in ixodes ricinus ticks from areas in switzerland where tick-borne fever is endemic. | a total of 1,523 adult ixodes ricinus ticks were collected from regions where bovine ehrlichiosis is endemic and were examined for ehrlichia phagocytophila via pcr. of the ticks from cattle with ehrlichiosis, the ticks from healthy cattle, and the free-living ticks, 26.5% (18 of 68), 4.4% (35 of 802), and 0.8% (5 of 653), respectively, were positive. | 1998 | 9705425 |
| theileria sp. infections associated with bovine fatalities in the united states confirmed by small-subunit rrna gene analyses of blood and tick samples. | theileria sp.-specific small subunit (ssu) rrna gene amplification confirmed the presence of the organism in cattle and in amblyomma americanum and dermacentor variabilis ticks collected from a cattle herd in missouri. blood from the index animal had type a and type d theileria ssu rrna genes. the type d gene was also found in blood from two cohort cattle and tick tissues. the type a ssu rrna gene was previously reported from bovine theileria isolates from texas and north carolina; the type d ge ... | 1999 | 10449501 |
| lone star tick-infecting borreliae are most closely related to the agent of bovine borreliosis. | although borrelia theileri, the agent of bovine borreliosis, was described at the turn of the century (in 1903), its relationship with borreliae causing lyme disease or relapsing fever remains undescribed. we tested the previously published hypothesis that spirochetes infecting lone star ticks (amblyomma americanum) may comprise b. theileri by analyzing the 16s ribosomal dnas (rdnas) and flagellin genes of these spirochetes. b. theileri, the amblyomma agent, and b. miyamotoi formed a natural gro ... | 2001 | 11158095 |
| a method for extraction and analysis of high quality genomic dna from ixodid ticks. | currently, no published methods describe the extraction of high molecular weight genomic dna from ixodid ticks (acari: ixodidae) and commonly used methods of extraction are not well adapted for use with members of this family. a method for extraction of minimally degraded genomic dna from ixodid ticks that can be completed in one or two days is described. the method produces dna which is of sufficient size (>24 kb) for use in southern analysis and which is readily digestible by restriction endon ... | 2003 | 12823841 |
| development of a polyclonal competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies to ehrlichia ruminantium. | a polyclonal competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (pc-elisa) is described for detection of antibodies to ehrlichia (cowdria) ruminantium by using a soluble extract of endothelial cell culture-derived e. ruminantium as the antigen and biotin-labeled polyclonal goat immunoglobulins as the competitor. for goats, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were both 100% with a cutoff of 80% inhibition (80 pi), with detection of antibodies for 550 days postinfection. for cattle, diagnostic s ... | 2003 | 12965926 |
| comparison of in vitro and in vivo ectoparasiticide activity of experimental benzimidazole-carbamate with permethrin and amitraz. | a series of in vitro and in vivo bioassays were conducted to assess the ectoparasiticide activity of isopropyl-4-nitro-2,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1-benzimidazole-carbamate, an experimental benzimidazole-carbamate class compound. this compound was less potent than permethrin against ectoparasiticide-susceptible larvae of the lone star tick, amblyomma americanum (l.) (acari: ixodidae); larvae of the southern cattle tick, boophilus microplus (canestrini); and adult stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l. ... | 2005 | 15799532 |
| the molecular and biological analysis of ixodid ticks histamine release factors. | we previously described a dermacentor varibialis (dv) cdna that encodes a ubiquitously expressed and tick saliva-secreted functional histamine release factor (hrf) homolog. in this study gene specific primers based on dvhrf open reading frame nucleotide sequence were utilized to amplify three orthologs, from the wood tick, d. andersoni (da), the black legged tick, the southern cattle tick, boophilus microplus (bm) and the lone star tick, amblyomma americanum (aa). at nucleotide level, sequence c ... | 2005 | 16323052 |
| capillary tube feeding system for studying tick-pathogen interactions of dermacentor variabilis (acari: ixodidae) and anaplasma marginale (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae). | a capillary tube feeding (ctf) system was adapted for studying the interaction between dermacentor variabilis (say) and the rickettsial cattle pathogen anaplasma marginale theiler. a. marginale undergoes a complex developmental cycle in ticks that begins in midguts and ends by transmission from salivary glands. in this ctf system, male d. variabilis were fed a. marginale-infected blood or cultured tick cells. ticks that fed on highly rickettsemic calves developed midgut and salivary gland infect ... | 2005 | 16366000 |
| fecal nirs: detection of tick infestations in cattle and horses. | anti-tick treatments are often applied concurrent to routine livestock management practices with little regard to actual infestation levels. prescription treatments against ticks on grazing cattle would be facilitated by non-invasive detection methods. one such method is fecal near infrared spectroscopy (nirs). four studies utilizing cattle (bos spp.) and one with horses (equus caballus) fed varying diets and infested with either amblyomma americanum, a. maculatum, a. cajennense or dermacentor a ... | 2007 | 17097809 |
| gene silencing of the tick protective antigens, bm86, bm91 and subolesin, in the one-host tick boophilus microplus by rna interference. | the use of rna interference (rnai) to assess gene function has been demonstrated in several three-host tick species but adaptation of rnai to the one-host tick, boophilus microplus, has not been reported. we evaluated the application of rnai in b. microplus and the effect of gene silencing on three tick-protective antigens: bm86, bm91 and subolesin. gene-specific double-stranded (dsrna) was injected into two tick stages, freshly molted unfed and engorged females, and specific gene silencing was ... | 2007 | 17196597 |
| association of the bovine leukocyte antigen major histocompatibility complex class ii drb3*4401 allele with host resistance to the lone star tick, amblyomma americanum. | the mhc of cattle, known as the bovine leukocyte antigen (bola) complex, plays an integral role in disease and parasite susceptibility, and immune responsiveness of the host. while susceptibility to tick infestation in cattle is believed to be heritable, genes that may be responsible for the manifestation of this phenotype remain elusive. in an effort to analyze the role that genes within the bola complex may play in host resistance to ticks, we have evaluated components of this system within a ... | 2007 | 17208379 |
| the molecular basis of the amblyomma americanum tick attachment phase. | towards discovery of molecular signaling cascades that trigger and/or facilitate the tick attachment and formation of its feeding lesion, suppressive subtractive hybridization, high throughput sequencing and validation of differential expression by cdna dot blot hybridization were performed on amblyomma americanum ticks that had attained appetence and were exposed to feeding stimuli. this approach allowed for identification of 40 genes that are up regulated before ticks begin to penetrate the ho ... | 2007 | 17406795 |
| purification and characterization of two larval glycoproteins from the cattle tick, boophilus annulatus. | the present study was conducted to identify new target immunogenic molecules from the larval stage of the cattle tick, boophilus annulatus (acari: ixodidae). two specific larval glycoproteins (glps) were isolated by two-step affinity chromatography. the larval immunogens were first purified with cnbr-sepharose coupled to rabbit anti-larval immunoglobulins, and the glycoproteins were then purified with con-a sepharose. these glycoproteins have molecular weights of approximately 32 and 15 kda with ... | 2007 | 17519572 |
| experimental infection of dairy calves with ehrlichia chaffeensis. | human monocytic ehrlichiosis (hme) is a zoonotic emerging tick-borne disease with clinical signs that range from mild symptoms to multiple organ failure and death. ehrlichia chaffeensis, the aetiologic agent of hme, is reported to infect a divergent range of mammals. although cattle are common hosts of the primary vector of this pathogen, the susceptibility of this host to e. chaffeensis has not been reported to date. this study was undertaken to determine if cattle could provide a useful infect ... | 2007 | 18033836 |
| variability and action mechanism of a family of anticomplement proteins in ixodes ricinus. | ticks are blood feeding arachnids that characteristically take a long blood meal. they must therefore counteract host defence mechanisms such as hemostasis, inflammation and the immune response. this is achieved by expressing batteries of salivary proteins coded by multigene families. | 2008 | 18167559 |
| a critical analysis of disease-associated dna polymorphisms in the genes of cattle, goat, sheep, and pig. | genetic variations through their effects on gene expression and protein function underlie disease susceptibility in farm animal species. the variations are in the form of single nucleotide polymorphisms, deletions/insertions of nucleotides or whole genes, gene or whole chromosomal rearrangements, gene duplications, and copy number polymorphisms or variants. they exert varying degrees of effects on gene action, such as substitution of an amino acid for another, shift in reading frame and prematur ... | 2008 | 18350334 |
| insight into the sialome of the castor bean tick, ixodes ricinus. | in recent years, there have been several sialome projects revealing transcripts expressed in the salivary glands of ticks, which are important vectors of several human diseases. here, we focused on the sialome of the european vector of lyme disease, ixodes ricinus. | 2008 | 18489795 |
| an insight into the salivary transcriptome and proteome of the soft tick and vector of epizootic bovine abortion, ornithodoros coriaceus. | the salivary glands of blood-sucking arthropods contain a redundant 'magic potion' that counteracts their vertebrate host's hemostasis, inflammation, and immunity. we here describe the salivary transcriptome and proteomics (sialome) of the soft tick ornithodoros coriaceus. the resulting analysis helps to consolidate the classification of common proteins found in both soft and hard ticks, such as the lipocalins, kunitz, cystatin, basic tail, hebraein, defensin, til domain, metalloprotease, 5'-nuc ... | 2008 | 18725333 |
| laboratory maintenance of ehrlichia chaffeensis and ehrlichia canis and recovery of organisms for molecular biology and proteomics studies. | tick-borne illnesses are emerging as a major concern for human health in recent years. these include the human monocytic ehrlichiosis caused by the amblyomma americanum tick-transmitted bacterium, ehrlichia chaffeensis; human ewingii ehrlichiosis caused by ehrlichia ewingii (also transmitted by a. americanum ticks); and human granulocytic anaplasmosis caused by the ixodes scapularis tick-transmitted pathogen, anaplasma phagocytophilum. likewise, tick-borne rickettsial pathogens are also a major ... | 2008 | 18770537 |
| infection and replication of bartonella species within a tick cell line. | bartonella species are fastidious, gram negative bacteria, some of which are transmitted by arthropod vectors, including fleas, sandflies, and lice. there is very little information regarding the interaction and/or transmission capabilities of bartonella species by ticks. in the present study, we demonstrate successful infection of the amblyomma americanum cell line, aae12, by seven bartonella isolates and three candidatus bartonella species by electron or light microscopy. with the exception of ... | 2009 | 19242658 |
| transovarial transmission of francisella-like endosymbionts and anaplasma phagocytophilum variants in dermacentor albipictus (acari: ixodidae). | dermacentor albipictus (packard) is a north american tick that feeds on cervids and livestock. it is a suspected vector of anaplasmosis in cattle, but its microbial flora and vector potential remain underevaluated. we screened d. albipictus ticks collected from minnesota white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) for bacteria of the genera anaplasma, ehrlichia, francisella, and rickettsia using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) gene amplification and sequence analyses. we detected anaplasma phagoc ... | 2009 | 19496436 |
| silencing of genes involved in anaplasma marginale-tick interactions affects the pathogen developmental cycle in dermacentor variabilis. | the cattle pathogen, anaplasma marginale, undergoes a developmental cycle in ticks that begins in gut cells. transmission to cattle occurs from salivary glands during a second tick feeding. at each site of development two forms of a. marginale (reticulated and dense) occur within a parasitophorous vacuole in the host cell cytoplasm. however, the role of tick genes in pathogen development is unknown. four genes, found in previous studies to be differentially expressed in dermacentor variabilis ti ... | 2009 | 19607704 |
| rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus: clotting time in tick-infested skin varies according to local inflammation and gene expression patterns in tick salivary glands. | ticks deposit saliva at the site of their attachment to a host in order to inhibit haemostasis, inflammation and innate and adaptive immune responses. the anti-haemostatic properties of tick saliva have been described by many studies, but few show that tick infestations or its anti-haemostatic components exert systemic effects in vivo. in the present study, we extended these observations and show that, compared with normal skin, bovine hosts that are genetically susceptible to tick infestations ... | 2010 | 20045690 |
| [ehrlichiosis/anaplasmosis]. | ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis are zoonoses caused by bacteria from the family anaplasmataceae, including human and animal pathogens. the human pathogens are ehrlichia chaffeensis, the causative agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis (hme), anaplasma phagocytophilum, the pathogen causing human granulocytic anaplasmosis (hga), e. ewingii and neorickettsia sennetsu, granulocytotropic and monocytotropic ehrlichia species, respectively. ehrlichia spp. are small, gram-negative, obligate intracellular b ... | 2009 | 20077398 |
| blood meal analysis to identify reservoir hosts for amblyomma americanum ticks. | efforts to identify wildlife reservoirs for tick-borne pathogens are frequently limited by poor understanding of tick-host interactions and potentially transient infectivity of hosts under natural conditions. to identify reservoir hosts for lone star tick (amblyomma americanum)-associated pathogens, we used a novel technology. in field-collected ticks, we used pcr to amplify a portion of the 18s rrna gene in remnant blood meal dna. reverse line blot hybridization with host-specific probes was th ... | 2010 | 20202418 |
| silencing of three amblyomma americanum (l.) insulin-like growth factor binding protein-related proteins prevents ticks from feeding to repletion. | the insulin-like growth factor (igf) binding proteins (igfbp) family is the regulatory arm of the igf signaling system that control mitogenic and anabolic actions of igf peptide hormones. this study describes cloning and biological characterization of three amblyomma americanum (l.) (aam) proteins that show amino-terminal sequence and secondary structure similarity to the igfbp superfamily. the three molecules here provisionally identified as aamigfbp-rp1 and short (s) and long (l) aamigfbp-rp6 ... | 2010 | 20228352 |
| comparative microarray analysis of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus expression profiles of larvae pre-attachment and feeding adult female stages on bos indicus and bos taurus cattle. | rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is an obligate blood feeder which is host specific to cattle. existing knowledge pertaining to the host or host breed effects on tick transcript expression profiles during the tick - host interaction is poor. | 2010 | 20637126 |
| development of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assays for rapid detection of ehrlichia ruminantium. | the rickettsial bacterium ehrlichia ruminantium is the causative agent of heartwater, a potential zoonotic disease of ruminants transmitted by ticks of the genus amblyomma. the disease is distributed in nearly all of sub-saharan africa and some islands of the caribbean, from where it threatens the american mainland. this report describes the development of two different loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assays for sensitive and specific detection of e. ruminantium. | 2010 | 21087521 |
| assessment of bacterial diversity in the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus through tag-encoded pyrosequencing. | ticks are regarded as the most relevant vectors of disease-causing pathogens in domestic and wild animals. the cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, hinders livestock production in tropical and subtropical parts of the world where it is endemic. tick microbiomes remain largely unexplored. the objective of this study was to explore the r. microplus microbiome by applying the bacterial 16s tag-encoded flx-titanium amplicon pyrosequencing (btefap) technique to characterize its bacterial ... | 2011 | 21211038 |
| rna interference in ticks. | ticks are obligate hematophagous ectoparasites of wild and domestic animals and humans, and are considered to be second worldwide to mosquitoes as vectors of human diseases(1) and the most important vectors affecting cattle industry worldwide(2). ticks are classified in the subclass acari, order parasitiformes, suborder ixodida and are distributed worldwide from arctic to tropical regions(3). despite efforts to control tick infestations, these ectoparasites remain a serious problem for human and ... | 2011 | 21304465 |
| the complexity of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus genome characterised through detailed analysis of two bac clones. | abstract: background: rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (rmi) a major cattle ectoparasite and tick borne disease vector, impacts on animal welfare and industry productivity. in arthropod research there is an absence of a complete chelicerate genome, which includes ticks, mites, spiders, scorpions and crustaceans. model arthropod genomes such as drosophila and anopheles are too taxonomically distant for a reference in tick genomic sequence analysis. this study focuses on the de-novo assembly of ... | 2011 | 21777481 |
| An insight into the sialotranscriptome and proteome of the coarse bontlegged tick, Hyalomma marginatum rufipes. | Ticks are mites specialized in acquiring blood from vertebrates as their sole source of food and are important disease vectors to humans and animals. Among the specializations required for this peculiar diet, ticks evolved a sophisticated salivary potion that can disarm their host's hemostasis, inflammation, and immune reactions. Previous transcriptome analysis of tick salivary proteins has revealed many new protein families indicative of fast evolution, possibly due to host immune pressure. The ... | 2011 | 21851864 |
| First transcriptome of the testis-vas deferens-male accessory gland and proteome of the spermatophore from Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae). | Ticks are important vectors of numerous human diseases and animal diseases. Feeding stimulates spermatogenesis, mating and insemination of male factors that trigger female reproduction. The physiology of male reproduction and its regulation of female development are essentially a black box. Several transcriptomes have catalogued expression of tick genes in the salivary glands, synganglion and midgut but no comprehensive investigation has addressed male reproduction and mating. Consequently, a ne ... | 2011 | 21949745 |
| babesia and its hosts: adaptation to long-lasting interactions as a way to achieve efficient transmission. | babesia, the causal agent of babesiosis, are tick-borne apicomplexan protozoa. true babesiae (babesia genus sensu stricto) are biologically characterized by direct development in erythrocytes and by transovarial transmission in the tick. a large number of true babesia species have been described in various vertebrate and tick hosts. this review presents the genus then discusses specific adaptations of babesia spp. to their hosts to achieve efficient transmission. the main adaptations lead to lon ... | 2009 | 19379662 |
| analysis of babesia bovis infection-induced gene expression changes in larvae from the cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | cattle babesiosis is a tick-borne disease of cattle that has severe economic impact on cattle producers throughout the world's tropical and subtropical countries. the most severe form of the disease is caused by the apicomplexan, babesia bovis, and transmitted to cattle through the bite of infected cattle ticks of the genus rhipicephalus, with the most prevalent species being rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. we studied the reaction of the r. microplus larval transcriptome in response to infe ... | 2012 | 22871314 |
| modulation of host immunity by tick saliva. | next generation sequencing and proteomics have helped to comprehensively characterize gene expression in tick salivary glands at both the transcriptome and the proteome level. functional data are, however, lacking. given that tick salivary secretions are critical to the success of the tick transmission lifecycle and, as a consequence, for host colonization by the pathogens they spread, we thoroughly review here the literature on the known interactions between tick saliva (or tick salivary gland ... | 2015 | 26189360 |
| vector potential and population dynamics for amblyomma inornatum. | we studied the natural life cycle of amblyomma inornatum and its vector potential in south texas. this tick is distributed throughout south texas and most of central america. a. inornatum represented 1.91% of the ticks collected by carbon dioxide traps during a study of free-living ticks in the tamaulipan biotic province in south texas. the life cycle of a. inornatum in south texas showed a clear seasonal pattern consistent with one generation per year. nymphs emerged in the spring with a peak i ... | 2015 | 25881916 |
| rhipicephalus microplus and ixodes ovatus cystatins in tick blood digestion and evasion of host immune response. | cystatins are a group of cysteine protease inhibitors responsible for physiological proteolysis regulation and present in a wide range of organisms. studies about this class of inhibitors in parasites have contributed to clarify their roles in important physiological processes, like blood digestion and modulation of host immune response during blood feeding. thus, cystatins are a subject of research on the development of new parasite control methods. additionally, the characterization of protein ... | 2015 | 25889092 |
| the recent evolution of a maternally-inherited endosymbiont of ticks led to the emergence of the q fever pathogen, coxiella burnetii. | q fever is a highly infectious disease with a worldwide distribution. its causative agent, the intracellular bacterium coxiella burnetii, infects a variety of vertebrate species, including humans. its evolutionary origin remains almost entirely unknown and uncertainty persists regarding the identity and lifestyle of its ancestors. a few tick species were recently found to harbor maternally-inherited coxiella-like organisms engaged in symbiotic interactions, but their relationships to the q fever ... | 2015 | 25978383 |
| geographical distribution of amblyomma cajennense (sensu lato) ticks (parasitiformes: ixodidae) in brazil, with description of the nymph of a. cajennense (sensu stricto). | until recently, amblyomma cajennense (fabricius, 1787) was considered to represent a single tick species in the new world. recent studies have split this taxon into six species. while the a. cajennense species complex or a. cajennense (sensu lato) (s.l.) is currently represented by two species in brazil, a. cajennense (sensu stricto) (s.s.) and amblyomma sculptum berlese, 1888, their geographical distribution is poorly known. | 2016 | 27036324 |
| amblyomma cajennense (fabricius, 1787) (acari: ixodidae), the cayenne tick: phylogeography and evidence for allopatric speciation. | amblyomma cajennense f. is one of the best known and studied ticks in the new world because of its very wide distribution, its economical importance as pest of domestic ungulates, and its association with a variety of animal and human pathogens. recent observations, however, have challenged the taxonomic status of this tick and indicated that intraspecific cryptic speciation might be occurring. in the present study, we investigate the evolutionary and demographic history of this tick and examine ... | 2013 | 24320199 |
| proteomic analysis of cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus saliva: a comparison between partially and fully engorged females. | the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is one of the most harmful parasites affecting bovines. similarly to other hematophagous ectoparasites, r. microplus saliva contains a collection of bioactive compounds that inhibit host defenses against tick feeding activity. thus, the study of tick salivary components offers opportunities for the development of immunological based tick control methods and medicinal applications. so far, only a few proteins have been identified in cattle tick ... | 2014 | 24762651 |
| age-dependent expression of stress and antimicrobial genes in the hemocytes and siphon tissue of the antarctic bivalve, laternula elliptica, exposed to injury and starvation. | increasing temperatures and glacier melting at the western antarctic peninsula (wap) are causing rapid changes in shallow coastal and shelf systems. climate change-related rising water temperatures, enhanced ice scouring, as well as coastal sediment runoff, in combination with changing feeding conditions and microbial community composition, will affect all elements of the nearshore benthic ecosystem, a major component of which is the antarctic soft-shelled clam laternula elliptica. a 454-based r ... | 2013 | 23666709 |
| a crayfish insulin-like-binding protein: another piece in the androgenic gland insulin-like hormone puzzle is revealed. | across the animal kingdom, the involvement of insulin-like peptide (ilp) signaling in sex-related differentiation processes is attracting increasing attention. recently, a gender-specific ilp was identified as the androgenic sex hormone in crustacea. however, moieties modulating the actions of this androgenic insulin-like growth factor were yet to be revealed. through molecular screening of an androgenic gland (ag) cdna library prepared from the crayfish cherax quadricarinatus, we have identifie ... | 2013 | 23775079 |
| the red meat allergy syndrome in sweden. | in the last decade, a novel type of food allergy presenting with severe allergic reactions several hours after consumption of red meat has been recognized. the allergic responses are due to ige antibodies directed against the carbohydrate epitope galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-gal) found in mammalian meat. this review presents the red meat allergy syndrome in sweden, discusses the features of the immune response to carbohydrates, and highlights the presence of heat stable α-gal-containing proteins ... | 2016 | 27656352 |
| effects of a lone star tick (amblyomma americanum) burden on performance and metabolic indicators in growing beef steers. | we examined the response of selected animal performance, endocrine, immune, and metabolic factors from 13 steers (254+/-6.1 kg) with and without a lone star (amblyomma americanum) tick burden during progressive days of the tick feeding cycle. steers were randomly assigned to either non-treated controls or treated with 300 adult pair of a. americanum per animal. animals were weighed and blood sampled on days -7, 0, 10, 14, 21, 28, and 35 relative to tick treatment. tick treatment did not affect ( ... | 2010 | 20609519 |
| disrupting the amblyomma americanum (l.) cd147 receptor homolog prevents ticks from feeding to repletion and blocks spontaneous detachment of ticks from their host. | the cd147 receptor is a cell-surface glycoprotein in the igg family that plays pivotal roles in intercellular interactions involved with numerous physiological and pathological processes such as extracellular matrix remodeling. we previously found an amblyomma americanum (aam) tick cd147 receptor homolog among genes that were up regulated in response to tick feeding stimuli. this study characterizes an aamcd147 receptor protein that is 72-83% conserved in other tick species and possess character ... | 2010 | 20451606 |
| identification of protective antigens by rna interference for control of the lone star tick, amblyomma americanum. | the lone star tick, amblyomma americanum, vectors pathogens of emerging diseases of humans and animals in the united states. currently, measures are not available for effective control of a. americanum infestations. development of vaccines directed against tick proteins may reduce tick infestations and the transmission of tick-borne pathogens. however, the limiting step in tick vaccine development has been the identification of tick protective antigens. herein, we report the application of rna i ... | 2010 | 20018267 |
| efficacy of eprinomectin and doramectin against amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) on cattle. | steers were treated with doramectin or eprinomectin by daily oral capsule for 28 consecutive days. the level of doramectin in the serum of steers treated at 200 microg/kg/d reached a maximum of 104.0 +/- 22.1 ppb at day 21 and declined from 93.3 +/- 20.5 ppb on the final day of treatment to below detectable by day 56. steers treated at 50 microg/kg/d reached a maximum level of doramectin in the serum of 24.7 +/- 1.2 ppb on day 21 and declined from 24.7 +/- 0.6 ppb on the final day of treatment t ... | 2009 | 19449665 |
| a sustained release gel formulation of doramectin for control of lone star ticks (acari: ixodidae) and horn flies (diptera: muscidae) on cattle. | a gel formulation formed by incorporating technical doramectin into a 10% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose aqueous solution was used to subcutaneously inject steers at varying dosages. doramectin serum concentration of steers receiving 600 microg (ai)/kg body weight declined from 21.9 ppb at 0.5 wk to below detectable at 8 wk postinjection. the 1,200 microg (ai)/kg injection resulted in serum concentrations of 29.1 ppb at 0.5 wk and declined to 0.5 ppb at 8 wk postinjection. both the 600 and 1,200 ... | 2009 | 19449664 |
| an in vivo rodent model for identifying and characterizing acaricides. | evaluation of candidate acaricides in livestock or companion animals is expensive, time-consuming, and usually requires large quantities of test material. to identify promising substances at the earliest possible stage of the development process, robust and predictive surrogate animal models, capable of rapidly characterizing potency with minimal compound requirements, are necessary. the objective of this study was to generate an in vivo surrogate animal bioassay capable of rapidly and accuratel ... | 2006 | 16739411 |
| white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) develop spirochetemia following experimental infection with borrelia lonestari. | borrelia lonestari is considered a putative agent of southern tick-associated rash illness (stari) and is known to occur naturally only in lone star ticks (amblyomma americanum) and white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). we used a low passage isolate of b. lonestari (ls-1) to inoculate white-tailed deer, c3h mice, holstein cattle, and beagles. animals were monitored via examination of giemsa and acridine orange stained blood smears, polymerase chain reaction (pcr), indirect fluorescent anti ... | 2006 | 16459029 |
| physiological and nutritional responses of steers infested with varying densities of amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae). | the effects of varying densities of lone star tick, amblyomma americanum (l.), on measured physiological parameters of beef cattle in a controlled environment was determined. steers were infested with either 0, 20, 60, or 120 pairs of adult ticks. heart rate, respiration, rectal temperature, fecal and urine excretions, and water and feed consumption were monitored daily. blood samples were taken every 3rd d to measure cortisol, total proteins, urea nitrogen, and glucose levels. hematocrits were ... | 1995 | 8537543 |
| bovine resistance to amblyomma americanum ticks: an acquired immune response characterized by cutaneous basophil infiltrates. | purebred holstein calves acquired resistance to amblyomma americanum adult ticks after 1 infestation and expressed resistance during a challenge infestation 26 days later. tick yields from resistant animals were normal, but mean tick weight and egg-mass weight were reduced significantly (31 and 32%, respectively). cutaneous cellular responses at tick feeding sites in primary (naive) hosts consisted almost exclusively of mononuclear cells, until 24-h post-infestation when granulocytes appeared. a ... | 1984 | 6543047 |
| apparatus for artificial infestation of pastured beef cattle with the lone star tick (acari: ixodidae). | | 1985 | 3998270 |
| production system-based model for defining economic thresholds in preweaner beef cattle, bos taurus, infested with the lone star tick, amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae). | | 1986 | 3950186 |
| systemic activity of closantel for control of lone star ticks, amblyomma americanum (l.), on cattle. | cattle were treated once at 5 mg/kg orally or subcutaneously or daily at 0.1-5 mg/kg orally or 0.1-1 mg/kg subcutaneously with closantel, n-[5-chloro-4-[(4-chlorophenyl)cyanomethyl]-2-methylphenyl]-2-hydroxy-3, 5-diiodobenzamide, and numbers and weights of engorged females, weights of egg masses and hatch of eggs of lone star ticks, amblyomma americanum, were recorded. effectiveness of treatments on reproduction was determined by comparing total estimated larvae (el) (el = wt. egg mass x est. % ... | 1985 | 3870959 |
| estimation and economic implications of lone star tick (acari: ixodidae) infestation on weight gain of cattle, bos taurus and bos taurus x bos indicus. | | 1987 | 3584640 |
| female mediation of feeding time on cattle in adult lone star ticks (acari: ixodidae). | the extended feeding time response on cattle of adult lone star ticks, amblyomma americanum (l.), during november through december is facultative and is mediated by the female. mean feeding time (11.8 d) in female ticks taken from the field and held at 14:10 (l:d) photoperiod and 25 degrees c for greater than or equal to 15 d was significantly shorter (p = 0.05) than for females taken directly from the field and fed on cattle (14.6 d). mean feeding times of females from the field paired to males ... | 1989 | 2769719 |
| polyfluoro 1,3-diketones as systemic insecticides. | a series of aryl polyfluoro 1,3-diketones were examined for systemic ectoparasiticidal activity in cattle. the compounds demonstrated efficacy against several economically important species of insects and acarina. at dosages of 5 mg/kg x1 or 0.35 mg/kg per day intraruminally, activity was observed against blowfly larvae (phormia regina), adult stable fly (stomoxys calcitrans), and lone star tick (amblyomma americanum). in vivo activity was not directly related to in vitro activity, showing a str ... | 1989 | 2769686 |
| effects of sequential infestations of dermacentor albipictus and amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) on overwintering beef cows in west-central texas. | infestations of winter ticks, dermacentor albipictus (packard), observed on mature black angus cows, reached peak levels in january and diminished through march. infestations of adult lone star ticks, amblyomma americanum (l.), began in mid-january and increased through may. cows receiving ectrin, taktic, or deltox treatments on 13 december and 21 february experienced significantly less weight loss and entered the subsequent breeding season with higher average body weight than untreated cows. in ... | 1990 | 2388237 |
| population growth rates for amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) on bos indicus, b. taurus and b. indicus x b. taurus cattle. | densities of amblyomma americanum (l.) on bos indicus, b. taurus and b. indicus x b. taurus cattle are compared over a 3-year period, and the growth rate (rate of increase or decrease) of parasitic tick populations on each cattle genotype is estimated. average log10 densities of parasitic a. americanum larvae are significantly (p = 0.05) lower on b. indicus cattle than on b. taurus and b. indicus xb. taurus cattle. average log densities of nymphal and adult ticks on b. taurus cattle are signific ... | 1990 | 2261818 |
| mechanisms of host-tick contact with special reference to amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) in beef cattle forage areas. | at least five groups of parameters regulate contact between ticks and host animals. group 1 (seasonal effects) and group 2 (daily effects) comprise abiotic parameters and include daylength, temperature, relative humidity, and interactions thereof. groups 3, 4, and 5 consist of biotic parameters. these pertain to biological processes in ticks (group 3), such as hunger responses and spatial patterns in aphagous tick populations; biological processes in host animals (group 4), such as patterns of h ... | 1991 | 1941920 |
| effect of ivermectin on the volume of blood ingested by two species of ticks (acari: ixodidae) feeding on cattle. | females of the lone star tick, amblyomma americanum (l.), and the american dog tick, dermacentor variabilis (say), were fed on ivermectin (ivomec)-treated and untreated bovines to determine the effect of the acaricide on volume of blood ingested and to compare the weight differences between the treatment and control groups at various time intervals after attachment. adult females from each genus were collected from bos tarus hosts and subjected to hematin assays on three collection dates to esti ... | 1991 | 1875376 |