| effect of tick salivary gland extract on the cytokine production by mouse epidermal cells. | previous studies have demonstrated that both tick saliva and borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato antigens modulate the cytokine response of the host. in this paper, the effect of salivary gland extract (sge) from ixodes ricinus (l., 1758) ticks on cytokine production by primary cultures of mouse epidermal cells stimulated with borrelia afzelii canica, nato, du merle, mazie, baranton et postic, 1993 spirochetes was analysed. epidermal cells were derived from c3h/hen mice, susceptible to lyme disease, ... | 2004 | 15729950 |
| hosts and pathogen detection for immature stages of ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodidae) in north-central spain. | to determine hosts of the immature stages of a southern population of ixodes ricinus, we trapped rodents and birds in an area of north-central spain in may-june and august-september of 1998 and 1999. the most frequently trapped rodents were apodemus sylvaticus (230 specimens) and clethrionomys glareolus (99), with a larval infestation prevalence of 49% and 81%, respectively (in spring) and 21% and 41% (in summer). c. glareolus was always more heavily parasitized by larvae (mean numbers 19.8 in s ... | 2005 | 16323055 |