| a preliminary serological survey of viral antibodies in peruvian sheep. | this study reports the sero-prevalence of viral infections in sheep in peru. serum samples were collected from 34 mature healthy rams located in 3 different geographic regions of the country (north, central and south). the sera were tested for antibodies to the following viruses: respiratory syncytial virus (rsv); parainfluenza 3 (pi-3) virus; bovine viral diarrhea/border disease (bvd/bd) virus; bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1); bluetongue (bt) virus; ovine progressive pneumoniae (opp) virus; bovine ... | 1984 | 6528458 |
| phosphoprotein profile analysis of ruminant respiratory syncytial virus isolates. | to determine the apparent molecular weight for 24 ruminant respiratory syncytial viruses (rsv) on the basis of differences in the electrophoretic mobility of the phosphoprotein (p protein). | 1997 | 9140554 |
| serological evidence of respiratory syncytial virus infection in lambs. | | 1985 | 16031205 |
| alcian blue and pyronine y histochemical stains permit assessment of multiple parameters in pulmonary disease models. | utilization of a combined alcian blue and pyronine y histochemical method for the assessment of multiple parameters in the respiratory tract of various species is described. acidic mucins were deep blue (sialylated mucins), red (sulfated mucins), or variably purple (mixture of sialylated/sulfated mucins), and differential mucus production was readily detected in a murine respiratory syncytial virus vaccine model of pulmonary inflammation. elastic fibers stained red in the walls of pulmonary arte ... | 2009 | 19261646 |
| radio telemetry devices to monitor breathing in non-sedated animals. | radio telemetry equipment has significantly improved over the last 10-15 years and is increasingly being used in research for monitoring a variety of physiological parameters in non-sedated animals. the aim of this review is to provide an update on the current state of development of radio telemetry for recording respiration. our literature review found only rare reports of respiratory studies via radio telemetry. much of this article will hence report our experience with our custom-built radio ... | 2011 | 21964163 |
| gene profiling studies in the neonatal ovine lung show enhancing effects of vegf on the immune response. | preterm and young neonates have an increased predisposition to respiratory distress syndrome (rds) associated with an immature development of lung surfactant. glucocorticoids (gcs) are the major immunomodulatory agents used to increase lung development and reduce the mortality and morbidity of preterm infants with rds. however, their safety remains uncertain, and the precise mechanisms by which they improve lung function are unclear. in previous studies, we found that vascular endothelial growth ... | 2009 | 19189846 |
| maternal alcohol ingestion reduces surfactant protein a expression by preterm fetal lung epithelia. | in addition to neurodevelopmental effects, alcohol consumption at high levels during pregnancy is associated with immunomodulation and premature birth. premature birth, in turn, is associated with increased susceptibility to various infectious agents such as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). the initial line of pulmonary innate defense includes the mucociliary apparatus, which expels microorganisms trapped within the airway secretions. surfactant proteins a and d (sp-a and sp-d, respectively) a ... | 2007 | 17889311 |
| expression of select immune genes (surfactant proteins a and d, sheep beta defensin 1, and toll-like receptor 4) by respiratory epithelia is developmentally regulated in the preterm neonatal lamb. | preterm infants experience enhanced susceptibility and severity to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. terminal airway epithelium is an important site of rsv infection and the extent of local innate immune gene expression is poorly understood. in this study, expression of surfactant proteins a and d (sp-ad), sheep beta defensin 1 (sbd1), and toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4) mrna were determined in whole lung homogenates from lambs. sp-ad and tlr4 mrna expression increased (p < 0.05) from lat ... | 2006 | 16510184 |
| the impact of respiratory syncytial virus infection on endothelin receptor function and release in sheep bronchial explants. | we investigated the impact of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, an important asthma precipitant, on endothelin receptor function and release in sheep bronchial explants. rsv infection was confirmed using polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. since sheep airway smooth muscle contains only endothelin-a receptors, sarafotoxin (stx) s6c did not cause airway contraction. in contrast, sarafotoxin s6c (300 nm) caused contraction in rsv-infected bronchial explants (8 +/- 3% carb ... | 2004 | 15838280 |
| complete protection of mice from respiratory syncytial virus infection following mucosal delivery of synthetic peptide vaccines. | we have previously shown that intraperitoneal immunization of balb/c mice with the 14 amino-acid long synthetic peptides g/174-187 and bg/174-187, representing the region 174-187 of the g-glycoprotein from human (h) and bovine (b) respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), respectively, completely protects animals from infection with the corresponding virus. a current goal in vaccine development being the delivery of noninvasive protective antigens via mucosal surfaces, we have evaluated the immunogenic ... | 1999 | 10067688 |
| pasteurella haemolytica complicated respiratory infections in sheep and goats. | respiratory infections which commonly occur in sheep and goats often result from adverse physical and physiological stress combined with viral and bacterial infections. inevitably, pasteurella haemolytica pneumonia occurs as a result of these interactions. in this review, we present recent advances in research on the complex etiology of pneumonia involving p. haemolytica. initially stress, induced by factors such as heat, overcrowding, exposure to inclement weather, poor ventilation, handling an ... | 1998 | 9689740 |
| prevalence of antibodies against respiratory viruses (parainfluenza virus type 3, respiratory syncytial virus, reovirus and adenovirus) in relation to productivity in syrian awassi sheep. | awassi sheep sera from all the provinces of the syrian arab republic were tested for rsv, p13, reo and adeno viruses (iif and agid tests). rsv was the most prevalent infection with 63.6% of samples seropositive, followed by reo, p13 and adenovirus with seroprevalences of 27.3%, 24% and 8.1% respectively. animals were more frequently infected by rsv alone. mixed infections were also identified but the occurrence was not high. the rsv and reo virus infections occurred more frequently when transhum ... | 1997 | 9203308 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection enhances the response to laryngeal chemostimulation and inhibits arousal from sleep in young lambs. | to evaluate the effect of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection on the response to laryngeal chemostimulation (lcs) with water, five lambs were inoculated with human rsv and three lambs were given control media at an age of 3-5 days. during rsv infection, lcs resulted in increased inhibition of minute ventilation and delayed recovery of regular breathing. sleep further increased the response, and arousal was less likely to occur in active sleep. two of the five infected lambs needed resusc ... | 1996 | 8819543 |
| infection with respiratory syncytial virus enhances expression of native receptors for non-pilate neisseria meningitidis on hep-2 cells. | respiratory virus infections have been suggested to be predisposing factors for meningococcal disease. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) affects young children in the age range at greatest risk of disease caused by neisseria meningitidis. it has been previously shown that glycoprotein g expressed on the surface of rsv-infected hep-2 cells (a human epithelial cell line) contributed to higher levels of binding of meningococci compared with uninfected cells. the aim of the present study was to exam ... | 1999 | 10076908 |
| a lamb model for human respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in young children. the development of an animal model of rsv disease serves to better understanding the pathophysiology of airway disease from rsv infection in infants and children. groups of six lambs were inoculated intratracheally (it) or intranasally (in) with a human strain of rsv (h-rsv). for controls 8 lambs received it virus-free cell lysate. tachypnea and fever were observed significantly more o ... | 1993 | 8327277 |
| molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the phosphoprotein, nucleocapsid protein, matrix protein and 22k (m2) protein of the ovine respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial viruses (rsvs) cause serious respiratory tract disease in infants and children worldwide and similar disease in calves. strains have been isolated from other ruminant animals such as sheep and goats, but these viruses have not been characterized at the molecular level. in this study, we report the cloning and sequencing of four structural genes coding for the phosphoprotein, nucleocapsid (n) protein, matrix (m) protein and 22k protein of an ovine rsv strain. comparisons of ... | 1994 | 7996153 |
| experimental respiratory syncytial virus infection in calves and lambs. | | 1995 | 7619920 |
| an aetiopathological study of chronic bronchopneumonia in lambs in ireland. | chronic bronchopneumonia in lambs, also known as 'atypical' or 'chronic, non-progressive' pneumonia is a common, frequently sub-clinical disease affecting animals under 12-months-old in intensive production systems. infection with both mycoplasma ovipneumoniae and mannheimia haemolytica have been implicated in the aetiology of this condition and a variety of pulmonary lesions can result. in this study, detailed laboratory examination of 30 abattoir-derived lungs with the characteristic gross fea ... | 2007 | 16632391 |
| survey for antibodies to respiratory viruses in two groups of sheep in northern ireland. | two hundred serum samples from texel and texel crossbred sheep (non-indigenous breeds) and 200 from indigenous northern ireland breeds (mainly blackface, cheviot and border leicester crosses) were tested for antibodies to parainfluenza virus types 1, 2 and 3, respiratory syncytial virus, bovine adenovirus (subgroups 1 and 2), influenza type a, maedi-visna virus and bovine virus diarrhoea virus. the percentage of animals with antibodies to parainfluenza virus 3 (50 to 56 per cent) and adenovirus ... | 1984 | 6095511 |
| studies on the pathogenesis and interspecies transmission of respiratory syncytial virus isolated from sheep. | inoculation of lambs with an ovine isolate of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) by a combined intranasal and intratracheal route resulted in mild respiratory tract illness, with respiratory tract lesions. lung lesions were characterized by bronchitis and bronchiolitis, hyperplasia of bronchial and bronchiolar epithelium, peribronchiolar and perivascular accumulations of lymphocytes, alveolar septal thickening, and collapse. respiratory syncytial virus was recovered from the respiratory tract of ... | 1988 | 3178037 |
| seroepidemiologic survey for antibodies to selected viruses in the respiratory tract of lambs. | a serologic study was conducted to determine the prevalence of antibodies to, and infection rate of, mastadenovirus ovi 5, m ovi 6, parainfluenza-3 (pi-3) virus, bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1), respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus, and ovine progressive pneumonia (opp) virus in lambs at a ram lamb growth-rate test station. for 2 consecutive years, serum samples were prepared from blood collected from 1- to 2-month-old ram lambs as they entered the test station (1st ... | 1985 | 3002217 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection is associated with an altered innate immunity and a heightened pro-inflammatory response in the lungs of preterm lambs. | abstract: | 2011 | 21827668 |
| exogenous administration of vascular endothelial growth factor prior to human respiratory syncytial virus a2 infection reduces pulmonary pathology in neonatal lambs and alters epithelial innate immune responses. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) affects thousands of children every year. vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) is a regulator of vasculogenesis, pulmonary maturation, and immunity. in order to test the extent to which vegf may alter rsv infection, 4 groups of lambs received either human recombinant vegf (rhvegf) or phosphate-buffered saline (pbs) pretreatment followed by inoculation with human rsv strain a2 or sterile medium. lambs in each group were sacrificed at 2, 4, and 6 days p ... | 2011 | 21309731 |
| nematodirosis frequently diagnosed in scottish lambs in june. | | 2006 | 17048366 |
| proposed three-dimensional model for the attachment protein g of respiratory syncytial virus. | protein g of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an envelope glycoprotein that is structurally very different from its counterparts (haemagglutinin-neuraminidase and haemagglutinin) in other paramyxoviruses. in this study, we put forward a model for this unique viral envelope protein. we propose that protein g of rsv contains several independently folding regions, with the ectodomain consisting of a conserved central hydrophobic region located between two polymeric mucin-like regions. the centr ... | 1996 | 8683213 |
| detection of respiratory syncytial, parainfluenza type 2, and adenovirus antigens by radioimmunoassay and enzyme immunoassay on nasopharyngeal specimens from children with acute respiratory disease. | four-layer antispecies radioimmunoassay (ria) and enzyme immunoassay (eia) procedures were developed for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), parainfluenza type 2 virus, and adenovirus antigens in nasopharyngeal specimens from children hospitalized for acute respiratory disease. polystyrene beads (ria) or flat-bottomed polystyrene microtiter plates (eia) were used as the solid phases, guinea pig anti-virus immunoglobulins were used as the captive antibodies, rabbit anti-virus immu ... | 1981 | 6259198 |
| respiratory syncytial virus is associated with an inflammatory response in lungs and architectural remodeling of lung-draining lymph nodes of newborn lambs. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection in children worldwide. the understanding of neonatal rsv pathogenesis depends on using an animal model that reproduces neonatal rsv disease. previous studies from us and others demonstrated that the neonatal lamb model resembles human neonatal rsv infection. here, we provide an extensive and detailed characterization of the histopathology, viral load, cellular infiltration, and cytokine production in lung ... | 2010 | 20935230 |
| human respiratory syncytial virus a2 strain replicates and induces innate immune responses by respiratory epithelia of neonatal lambs. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) is a pneumovirus that causes significant respiratory disease in premature and full-term infants. it was our hypothesis that a common strain of rsv, strain a2, would infect, cause pulmonary pathology, and alter respiratory epithelial innate immune responses in neonatal lambs similarly to rsv infection in human neonates. newborn lambs between 2 and 3 days of age were inoculated intrabronchially with rsv strain a2. the lambs were sacrificed at days 3, 6, and ... | 2009 | 19659901 |
| pulmonary cyclooxygenase-1 (cox-1) and cox-2 cellular expression and distribution after respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus infection. | prostaglandins (pgs) play an important role in pulmonary physiology and various pathophysiological processes following infection. the initial step in the biosynthesis of pgs is regulated by two distinct cyclooxygenase enzymes, cyclooxygenase-1 (cox-1) and cox-2. the goal of this study was to investigate the pulmonary cellular localization and distribution of cox-1 and cox-2 in a neonatal lamb model following respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and parainfluenza virus 3 (pi3) infection, organisms t ... | 2010 | 20121401 |