| neurotoxic mycotoxins: a review of fungal toxins that cause neurological disease in large animals. | five mycotoxins found in concentrates or roughages have been shown to cause neurologic disease in livestock. fumonisin b1 is produced by fusarium moniliforme and causes leukoencephalomalacia in horses. swainsonine and slaframine are produced by rhizoctonia leguminicola and cause mannose accumulation and parasympathomimetic effects, respectively. lolitrems from acremonium lolii and paspalitrems from claviceps paspali are tremorgens found in grasses. | 1994 | 8176663 |
| staggers in horses grazing paspalum infected with claviceps paspali. | invasion of the flowering heads of grasses by claviceps spp. can produce sclerotia (ergots) containing several toxins. ingestion of these toxins, through the consumption of paspalum (paspalum dilatatum), can induce a range of clinical symptoms, including staggers. cattle are the most commonly affected species, but although sheep and horses have been reported affected there are no published descriptions of paspalum staggers in horses. we describe two occurrences of paspalum staggers, the first in ... | 2010 | 20854295 |
| the clinical differentiation of nervous and muscular locomotor disorders of sheep in australia. | many of the nervous and muscular locomotor disorders that affect sheep throughout australia are commonly referred to as "staggers" syndromes. the range of clinical signs displayed by sheep suffering these disorders is sufficiently diverse to enable each syndrome to be graded into one of 5 progressive clinical groups. the first group, the limb paresis syndromes, includes the primary myopathies associated with the ingestion of ixiolaena brevicompta, malva parviflora, and trachymene ochracea, as we ... | 1995 | 8526819 |