| class-specific antibodies to bovine respiratory syncytial virus in experimentally infected lambs. | enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (elisa) was used to titrate virus-specific igg, igm and iga levels in nasal secretions, lung lavage fluids and serum samples sequentially obtained from lambs experimentally infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). virus-specific igg and igm responses were measured by the indirect double antibody sandwich elisa using anti-bovine rsv monoclonal antibody, as capture antibody, and peroxidase-conjugated anti-sheep igg and anti-sheep igm. virus-specif ... | 1992 | 1547834 |
| reinfection of lambs with bovine respiratory syncytial virus. | eight lambs which were experimentally infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) when they were six to eight weeks old were challenged with the same virus seven months later. after reinfection, lambs developed mild clinical disease and the virus was isolated from nasal swabs from three lambs and peripheral blood from two lambs. reinfection resulted in changes in peripheral blood cell populations. there was an early increase in the number of cd8+ t lymphocytes and b (lca p220+) lympho ... | 1992 | 1553439 |
| depression of lymphocyte responses to phytohaemagglutinin in lambs experimentally infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus. | eight lambs were experimentally infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) and the responses of their peripheral blood lymphocytes to the mitogen phytohaemagglutinin and brsv antigen compared with that of control lambs injected with tissue culture fluid. the lymphocyte transformation responses to phytohaemagglutinin were significantly reduced five and 10 days after experimental infection with brsv (p less than 0.05). it appears that these reductions were associated with cd4+ lymphoc ... | 1991 | 1674620 |
| immune responses of lambs experimentally infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus and pasteurella haemolytica. | the immune responses of lambs experimentally infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and pasteurella haemolytica were compared with lambs infected with bovine rsv or pasteurella haemolytica alone. superinfection with p. haemolytica aggravated the reduction in the number of cd5+, cd4+ and lca p220+ (b) lymphocytes caused by bovine rsv, but it had no effect on the neutralizing antibodies against p. haemolytica cytotoxin. serum samples obtained from lambs experimentally infected with ... | 1991 | 1779037 |
| cytotoxic t cell responses in lambs experimentally infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus. | the role of cell-mediated immune response in the immunopathogenesis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) infection is not well established. in the present study, cytotoxic t cell responses of brsv-infected lambs were examined using the chromium release assay. lambs experimentally infected with brsv developed cytotoxic lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and the spleen, which lysed brsv-infected but not uninfected cells. peak cytotoxic activity occurred 10-14 days after infection. pretrea ... | 1991 | 1949569 |
| increased susceptibility to pasteurella haemolytica in lambs infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus. | groups of conventionally reared, 6- to 8-week-old lambs were inoculated intranasally and intratracheally with either bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) or brsv followed by pasteurella haemolytica 6 days later or with p. haemolytica alone. lambs infected with p. haemolytica 6 days after experimental infection with brsv had significantly higher disease scores, greater magnitudes of fever, and higher mortality rates than those infected with brsv alone or with p. haemolytica alone (p less tha ... | 1990 | 2079556 |
| [serological survey concerning the ibr, chv2, bvd, pi3, brs and rinderpest viruses in small ruminants in zaire]. | more than 400 small ruminant sera from zaïre were screened for antibodies to ibr, chv2, bvd, bovine and ovine pi3, brs and rinderpest viruses. sera from local animals were negative for bvd, pi3 and rinderpest viruses: 8% of sera were positive for ibr virus, all with higher titers to chv2; 31% of sera were positive to brs virus. | 1990 | 2132781 |
| lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood of lambs experimentally infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus. | the lymphocyte subpopulations of peripheral blood of normal lambs and lambs experimentally infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) were analysed by flow cytometry, using a panel of monoclonal antibodies against specific lymphocyte epitopes. experimental infection with bovine rsv was characterized by a significant rise in sbu-t8+ (cd8+ or cytotoxic) t cells and a significant reduction in sbu-t4+ (cd4+ or helper) t cells and b (lca p220+) lymphocytes (p less than 0.05). the helper/s ... | 1990 | 2140217 |
| pathogenesis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in experimentally infected lambs. | twenty-four 6-8-week-old conventionally reared lambs were inoculated intranasally and intratracheally with bovine respiratory syncytial virus. infected lambs showed mild clinical signs characterized by slight serous nasal discharge, coughing, lachrymation and bronchovascular sounds on the middle part of the lung 5-9 days post-inoculation (pi). virus was isolated in nasal swabs from 9 of 24 lambs between 3 and 7 days pi. however, virus was recovered from tracheal and lung tissue of all lambs kill ... | 1990 | 2402874 |
| evaluation of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, tetrasodium salt dihydrate (edta)-tween 20 treatment versus protease digestion of formalin-fixed tissue sections for detection of bovine respiratory syncytial virus antigen in infected ovine lung. | the efficacy of protease and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, tetrasodium salt dihydrate (edta)-tween 20 in unmasking bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) antigens in formalin-fixed lung tissue was compared using avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase procedure. tissues were taken from experimentally infected lambs. brsv antigen stained in both techniques. treatment with edta-tween 20 resulted in more intense staining of brsv infected cells, more uniform cytoplasmic staining, less non-specific back ... | 1989 | 2503919 |
| prevalence of antibodies to seven viruses in a flock of ewes in minnesota. | blood samples were collected from a flock of healthy ewes at a university of minnesota research station. sera from these blood samples were tested for antibodies against 7 viruses, using 3 tests (eg, virus-neutralization test for bovine viral diarrhea virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, bovine adenovirus type 3, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus; hemagglutination inhibition test for parainfluenza virus type 3; and agar-gel immunodiffusion test for lentivirus of ovine progressive ... | 1988 | 2837112 |
| an epizootic of mycoplasma ovipneumoniae infection in captive dall's sheep (ovis dalli dalli). | in late spring of 1986, 10 of 23 dall's sheep (ovis dalli dalli) at the metropolitan toronto zoo were moved to a new exhibit, where all developed severe respiratory signs refractory to anthelmintic and antibiotic therapy. in july, two animals died with chronic active bronch-pneumonia, and a third was euthanized because of pneumonia several months later. bacteria were not isolated from the lungs of the first, steptococci and pasteurella hemolytica were isolated from the other two, respectively; m ... | 1988 | 3193557 |
| response of vaccinated and unvaccinated bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis canadensis) to experimental respiratory syncytial virus challenge. | five rocky mountain bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis canadensis), approximately 5 mo old and without detectable antibody titers to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), were assigned to two groups to study the effects of rsv challenge inoculation in vaccinated (n = 3) and unvaccinated (n = 2) bighorns. the three lambs vaccinated with a modified live bovine rsv vaccine developed a detectable antibody response to the vaccine. vaccinated and unvaccinated lambs challenged with an ovine isolate of rsv dev ... | 1988 | 3373644 |
| differences in fluorescent antibody staining of bovine respiratory syncytial virus-infected cells by ovine and bovine sera. | in indirect fluorescent antibody tests in which sera from cattle and sheep with respiratory disease problems were used to stain foetal bovine lung cells infected with a bovine respiratory syncytial virus strain, differences were noted in the pattern of fluorescence produced by some sheep sera and that produced by positive bovine sera. in serum neutralisation tests, also using a bovine respiratory syncytial virus strain, 4 of 7 sera giving this atypical pattern of fluorescence had very low neutra ... | 1987 | 3544469 |
| effect of in vitro inoculation of bovine respiratory syncytial virus on bovine pulmonary alveolar macrophage function. | viruses may predispose the respiratory tract to the development of secondary bacterial pneumonia by impairing functions of alveolar macrophages. the effects of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) on selected functions of bovine pulmonary alveolar macrophages (pam) were examined in vitro. alveolar macrophages were obtained from nonsedated cattle, using a polypropylene tube passed intranasally into the lung. the pam lavaged from the lung were allowed to adhere to glass coverslips or plastic ... | 1985 | 3890630 |
| properties of a respiratory syncytial virus isolated from a sheep with rhinitis. | a virus isolated from a yearling cross-bred ewe was identified as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) by indirect immunofluorescence and by virus neutralization with bovine rsv antisera. the virus caused a mild conjunctivitis in 3-month-old lambs when inoculated alone. although clinical signs of pneumonia were not observed, there was gross and microscopic evidence of pulmonary inflammation in the lungs of lambs inoculated with either the sheep rsv isolate alone or in conjunction with pasteurella h ... | 1985 | 3893243 |
| [experimental infection of lambs with strains of the bovine respiratory syncytial virus]. | lambs were successfully infected with bovine strains of a respiratory syncytial virus. when the nomi reference strain and the local antonovo strain of the rsv were used i/v and via the trachea the animals reacted on the 3rd to 5th day with dizziness, dyspnea, conjunctivitis, nasal discharges, etc., more strongly manifested with the use of the antonovo strain. the temperature reaction started on the 3rd day and receded on the 7th day, with a second peak on the 8h day. serologically, rsv-antibodie ... | 1985 | 3992914 |
| prevalence of antibodies to bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine herpesvirus-1, and bovine parainfluenza-3 virus in sheep and goats in quebec. | serum samples were collected from 1,075 clinically normal sheep and goats from 77 flocks in 7 agricultural regions of quebec from june to august 1982. sheep and goats were tested for antibodies to bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, and bovine herpes-virus-1 by the indirect fluorescent antibody technique and for parainfluenza-3 virus by the hemagglutination inhibition test. the prevalence of antibodies in animals to respiratory syncytial virus was 31%; to bovine vira ... | 1984 | 6089626 |
| pathogenesis of experimental bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection in sheep. | conventionally reared lambs, seronegative to bovine respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), were inoculated with bovine rsv by an aerosol route. a mild clinical response, characterized by transient fever at postinoculation day (pid) 4, occurred and was accompanied by serous oculonasal secretions in less than 50% of the infected lambs. a decrease in total wbc was observed on pid 6 and 11, with a reduction in the total numbers of lymphocytes. bovine rsv was recovered from nasal secretions of inoculated ... | 1984 | 6383151 |
| interaction of bovine respiratory syncytial virus and pasteurella haemolytica in the ovine lung. | the potential synergistic effect of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and pasteurella haemolytica in the production of pneumonia after aerosol/intranasal infection of conventionally reared lambs was evaluated. a mild clinical response was observed in lambs given virus and/or bacteria. gross pulmonary lesions were seen in 3 of 6 lambs given rsv and then p haemolytica 3 or 6 days later, respectively (groups d and e), and in 1 lamb of 5 given virus and bacteria simultaneously (group g). gros ... | 1984 | 6383152 |
| experimental infection of lambs with bovine respiratory syncytial virus and pasteurella haemolytica: immunofluorescent and electron microscopic studies. | colostrum-deprived lambs were inoculated transtracheally with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), pasteurella haemolytica, or rsv and p haemolytica. multiple tissues were examined by immunofluorescence to localize viral and bacterial antigens, and lungs were examined by electron microscopy for cytopathologic changes. using immunofluorescence, viral antigen was detected only in the respiratory tract, mainly in the bronchial and bronchiolar epithelium and in the alveolar wall. lesser amounts of vir ... | 1982 | 7046531 |
| experimental infection of lambs with bovine respiratory syncytial virus and pasteurella haemolytica: pathologic studies. | nineteen 4-week-old, colostrum-deprived lambs were transtracheally inoculated with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), pasteurella haemolytica biotype a serotype 1, or rsv and p haemolytica. pneumonic lesions were more frequent, more extensive, and more severe in lambs inoculated with rsv and p haemolytica than in lambs inoculated with either agent alone. lesions were seen in 2 of 4 lambs inoculated with p haemolytica alone, in 3 of 4 lambs inoculated with rsv alone, and in 11 of 11 lambs inocula ... | 1982 | 7091824 |
| experimental infection of lambs with bovine respiratory syncytial virus and pasteurella haemolytica: clinical and microbiologic studies. | four-week-old lambs were inoculated transtracheally with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), pasteurella haemolytica, or rsv and p haemolytica. when given in combination, rsv administration preceded p haemolytica by 3 or 5 days. lambs inoculated with p haemolytica or rsv developed a mild respiratory tract disease accompanied by a transient pyrexia in a few lambs. by 24 hours after inoculation of bacteria, all lambs inoculated with rsv and p haemolytica were listless, reluctant to move, and exhibi ... | 1982 | 7091825 |
| bovine respiratory syncytial virus antibodies in non-bovine species. | to study the role of non-bovine species in the epidemiology of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections, sera obtained from 9 non-bovine animal species and from humans were examined for bovine rsv specific antibodies. sera were mainly from animals and humans which had been in contact with cattle. forty sera of each species were tested in an rsv specific whole virus elisa as well as in a peptide based elisa, that was developed to measure antibodies specific for bovine rsv. antibodies d ... | 1995 | 7487487 |
| cell-mediated immune responses of lambs to challenge with bovine respiratory syncytial virus. | the lamb is a good model to study the pathogenesis and immune responses to infections with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) as lambs experimentally infected with bovine or human rsv may develop overt clinical disease. in the present study the development of cellular cytotoxic responses was studied in splenic, pulmonary and peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from lambs after primary and secondary infection with bovine rsv. infection with bovine rsv was followed by the appearance of cyto ... | 1995 | 7544251 |
| experimental respiratory syncytial virus infection in calves and lambs. | | 1995 | 7619920 |
| location of bovine respiratory syncytial virus antigens in the lung of experimentally-infected lambs: comparative study using indirect fluorescent antibody test, avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex and transmission electron microscopy. | the experiments were designed to analyse the efficiency of the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat), the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (abpc) and transmission electron microscopy (tem) in detecting bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) antigen in ovine lung. 25 gnotobiotic merino lambs each received an intratracheal injection of 20 ml of brsv infected cell culture suspension (strain nmk-7) diluted at the concentration of 1.26 x 10(6) tcid50/ml. results showed that the immunological t ... | 1993 | 7682871 |
| lesions in lambs experimentally infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus. | an experimental model was designed to characterize lesions in the lung of lambs inoculated with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv). 25 merino lambs of both sexes, with a live weight of 17 +/- 3 kg, received an intratracheal inoculation of 20 ml saline solution containing 1.26 x 10(6) tcid50 brsv (strain nmk-7) per ml. lambs were slaughtered 1, 3, 7, 11 and 15 postinoculation days (pid), and histopathological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies were performed. results ref ... | 1995 | 7756746 |
| [development of pcr tests for the detection of bovine herpesvirus-1, bovine respiratory syncytial viruses and pestiviruses]. | the development of pcr assays for detection of bhv-1, brsv, bvdv and another pestiviruses is summarized. a polymerase chain reaction assay based on primers selected from the viral gi glycoprotein gene detected 3 fg pure bhv-1 dna, 0.1-1.0 tcid50 or a single infected cell. no amplification was observed with dna from bhv-2, bhv-3, bhv-4, ohv-1 or ohv-2. however, a fragment of the correct size (468 bp) was amplified using dna from herpesviruses isolated from reindeer, red deer and goat. the pcr ass ... | 1994 | 7817501 |
| nucleotide sequence analysis of the non-structural ns1 (1c) and ns2 (1b) protein genes of bovine respiratory syncytial virus. | the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the non-structural (ns) protein genes of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) strain a51908 were determined. the ns1 and ns2 genes were 524 and 489 nucleotides long with single open reading frames, encoding polypeptides of 136 and 124 amino acids, respectively. comparison of the ns1 gene of brsv with the corresponding sequences of ovine respiratory syncytial virus (orsv) and human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) subgroups a and b reveale ... | 1995 | 7844532 |
| cytotoxic t cell responses in lambs experimentally infected with border disease virus. | mononuclear cells cytotoxic to a noncytopathic strain of border disease virus (bdv) but not to uninfected cells were detected in the peripheral blood of experimentally infected lambs, 10 days after experimental infection, reaching peak levels of cytotoxicity 15 days post-inoculation. the specificity of the cytotoxic activity to bdv-infected cells was tested by including autologous targets infected with another virus (bovine respiratory syncytial virus, brsv) and normal uninfected autologous targ ... | 1994 | 7941304 |
| nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequence analysis of the ovine respiratory syncytial virus non-structural 1c and 1b genes and the small hydrophobic protein gene. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infects humans and cattle causing serious respiratory tract disease in both. the genome of the human and bovine rsv (hrsv and brsv) codes for two non-structural and eight structural proteins. rsv has also been isolated from naturally infected sheep, but the genome of the ovine rsv (orsv) has not been characterized and nor has the virus host range been identified. here we report on the cloning and sequencing of the two non-structural 1c and 1b genes and of the sm ... | 1994 | 8113762 |
| the immunologic response to experimental infection with bovine respiratory syncytial virus in lambs. | an experimental model was designed to study the humoral immune response in lambs experimentally infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), 25 merino lambs of both sexes, with a live weight of 17 +/- 3 kg, received an intratracheal inoculation of 20 ml. saline solution containing 1.26 x 10(6) tcid50 brsv (strain nmk-7) per ml. blood samples for serological analysis were collected from the jugular vein of the animals on days 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and 15 post inoculation. serum protein ... | 1993 | 8128799 |
| infected cell types in ovine lung following exposure to bovine respiratory syncytial virus. | sixteen adult sheep (ten females, six males obtained from a closed flock at national animal disease center, ames, ia) were experimentally infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus strain 375 (brsv), and lung tissues were stained for viral antigen. two infected sheep were euthanatized at each of the following post-inoculation times: 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, 144, and 192 hours. lung, nasal turbinates, trachea, right cranial bronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes, liver, and spleen were collec ... | 1994 | 8203086 |
| analysis of the ovine respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) g glycoprotein gene defines a subgroup of ungulate rsv. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has been isolated from sheep suffering from respiratory tract disease. since the greatest differences between bovine rsv and human rsv are found on the attachment g protein, we have determined the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the g gene of ovine rsv. the latter contained 838 nucleotides and had a major open reading frame encoding a protein of 263 residues, and shared 73% nucleotide sequence identity with that of bovine rsv. the deduced amino ac ... | 1993 | 8277288 |
| nucleotide sequence analysis of the ovine respiratory syncytial virus g glycoprotein gene. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infects humans and animals including ruminants. among the 10 genes coded for in the viral genome, the putative attachment glycoprotein g gene has been the most variable among strains. human rsv have been divided to two subgroups based on immunological and base sequence data on the attachment glycoprotein g and its gene, respectively. it has been suggested that similar antigenic diversity also exists among bovine rsv (brsv) isolates. in this study, we report on t ... | 1993 | 8372453 |
| characteristic differences in reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction products of ovine, bovine, and human respiratory syncytial viruses. | in reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions (rt-pcr) and dna hybridizations using primers and an oligonucleotide probe to the fusion (f) protein mrna of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), all the brsv isolates and a goat isolate could be distinguished from prototype isolates of human respiratory syncytial viruses (hrsv) and ovine (sheep and bighorn sheep) respiratory syncytial viruses (rsv). however, rt-pcr amplifications with primers to sequences of the hrsv f protein mrna resul ... | 1993 | 8373845 |
| proposed three-dimensional model for the attachment protein g of respiratory syncytial virus. | protein g of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an envelope glycoprotein that is structurally very different from its counterparts (haemagglutinin-neuraminidase and haemagglutinin) in other paramyxoviruses. in this study, we put forward a model for this unique viral envelope protein. we propose that protein g of rsv contains several independently folding regions, with the ectodomain consisting of a conserved central hydrophobic region located between two polymeric mucin-like regions. the centr ... | 1996 | 8683213 |
| type-specific serologic diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection, based on a synthetic peptide of the attachment protein g. | peptides deduced from the central hydrophobic region (residues 158-189) of the g protein of bovine and ovine respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and of human rsv subtypes a and b were synthesized. these peptides were used to develop elisas to measure specifically antibodies against these types and subtypes of rsv. we have evaluated the bovine rsv-g peptide in both an indirect elisa and in a blocking elisa. specificity and sensitivity, relative to a routine diagnostic elisa that detects antibodies ... | 1996 | 8699029 |
| replication of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in ovine peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes in vitro. | adherent and non-adherent mononuclear cells obtained from the peripheral blood of normal lambs supported the replication of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in vitro. sequential treatment of monocytes with phorbol ester acetate (pma) enhanced their ability to support viral replication. after exposure in vitro for 24 h, viral antigens were present in 47 +/- 4.5% of monocytes and 32 +/- 3% of lymphocytes. treatment of monocytes with pma resulted in the increase of the proportion of cells express ... | 1996 | 8701568 |
| pathological study of experimentally induced bovine respiratory syncytial viral infection in lambs. | an experimental model was designed to characterize lesions in the lung of lambs inoculated with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv). twenty-five merino lambs of both sexes, with a live weight of 17 +/- 3 kg, received an intratracheal inoculation of 20 ml saline solution containing 1.26 x 10(6) tcid50 brsv (strain nmk-7) per ml. lambs were slaughtered 1, 3, 7, 11 and 15 days postinoculation (dpi), and samples were taken for analysis using light-microscopic and immunohistochemical techniques ... | 1996 | 8767769 |
| immune responses of lambs to the fusion (f) glycoprotein of bovine respiratory syncytial virus expressed on insect cells infected with a recombinant baculovirus. | a group of lambs was immunized with the f protein of bovine respiratory syncytial virus expressed in a baculovirus (bac-f) and their humoral and cellular immune responses to bovine rsv studied before and after challenge with infectious bovine rsv. immunization with bac-f resulted in significant humoral immune responses as measured by virus neutralization and cellular immune responses as measured by lympho-proliferation against inactivated bovine rsv and specific cytotoxicity against autologous t ... | 1996 | 8817824 |
| phosphoprotein profile analysis of ruminant respiratory syncytial virus isolates. | to determine the apparent molecular weight for 24 ruminant respiratory syncytial viruses (rsv) on the basis of differences in the electrophoretic mobility of the phosphoprotein (p protein). | 1997 | 9140554 |
| cell-mediated immune responses of lambs to experimental infection with bovine respiratory syncytial virus. | primary infection of lambs with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was characterised by the presence of virus-specific cytotoxic cells in the peripheral blood as early as 5 days post-infection. these effector cells lysed virus-infected autologous targets in a self-restricted manner. depletion techniques revealed that cytotoxic activity was largely due to ovcd8+ cells. neutrophils obtained from experimentally infected lambs 5 to 10 days post-inoculation exhibited significant cytotoxic activ ... | 1996 | 9157688 |
| antigens of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in peripheral blood lymphocytes of experimentally infected lambs. | eight lambs were experimentally infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and the distribution of viral antigen in lymphocyte subpopulations studied by flow cytometry. experimental infection with bovine rsv was characterised by significant changes in lymphocyte subpopulations. infection was followed by a significant (p <0.001) reduction in the number of cells expressing the ovcd5 epitope (t cells), due to a fall in the number of cells expressing the ovcd4 epitope (helper) and those ... | 1996 | 9157689 |
| analysis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus envelope glycoproteins in cell fusion. | to compare the requirements for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-mediated cell fusion, the fusion (f), attachment (g) and small hydrophobic (sh) glycoproteins of bovine rsv (brsv), ovine rsv (orsv) and human rsv (hrsv) were expressed individually or coexpressed in either homologous or heterologous combinations in hela cells, using the vaccinia virus-t7 polymerase transient expression system. cell fusion was examined by a reporter gene activation assay. although the expression of the f protein a ... | 1997 | 9266983 |
| the effects of virus-specific antibodies on the replication of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in vitro and on clinical disease and immune responses in lambs. | low concentrations of antibodies, specific to human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) have been shown to enhance virus replication in human monocytic cell lines by several workers. in the present study, replication of bovine rsv in ovine peripheral blood monocytes was shown to be enhanced in the presence of low concentration of bovine rsv-specific antibodies. antibodies had no enhancing effect on virus replication in secondary lamb testis cells or monocytic cell lines derived from peripheral blo ... | 1998 | 9643456 |
| replication of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in bovine and ovine peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes and monocytic cell lines. | the present study compared the replication of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) in bovine and ovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells, ovine and bovine monocytic cell lines and ovine alveolar macrophages. low titres of virus were detected in ovine and bovine lymphocytes and monocytes 24-96 h post-exposure to the virus but there was no apparent replication of the virus in ovine alveolar macrophages during the culture period. the virus replicated to higher but statistically insignificant ... | 1998 | 9646474 |
| in-vitro studies on mechanisms of immunosuppression associated with bovine respiratory syncytial virus. | bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) depressed the proliferative reactivity of normal ovine peripheral blood lymphocytes to phytohaemagglutinin (pha). this brsv-induced reduction in proliferative reactivity was not reversed or ameliorated by the addition of (1) indomethacin or flunixin meglumine, substances known to inhibit the production of prostaglandins, or (2) the cytokines, interleukin-1 (il-1) and interleukin-2 (il-2), or (3) rat growth factor. the results suggest that the suppression ... | 1998 | 9651810 |
| the effects of bovine respiratory syncytial virus on the phagocytic and antigen-presenting capacity of peripheral blood monocytes and monocytic cell lines derived from lambs and calves. | human respiratory syncytial virus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) suppress lymphocyte responses to mitogens. in the present study, the possible effects of brsv on some functions of antigen-presenting cells (apc) were investigated by exposing ovine monocytic cells to the virus before their use as apc. the depletion of monocytes from peripheral blood mononuclear cells resulted in the near total abrogation of proliferative responses to phytohaemagglutinin (pha). reactivity was restore ... | 1998 | 9651811 |
| vaccination with glutaraldehyde-fixed bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv)-infected cells stimulates a better immune response in lambs than vaccination with heat-inactivated cell-free brsv. | the lamb model was used to investigate the possible protective effects of vaccination with inactivated viral antigens against experimental infection with bovine respiratory syncytial virus. two groups of eight lambs were vaccinated with either glutaraldehyde-inactivated cell-associated virus or heat-inactivated cell-free virus and subsequently challenged with live virus, along with a group of naive lambs. the virus was shed for significantly longer periods, and the virus titres in nasal secretio ... | 1998 | 9682376 |
| health evaluation of free-ranging guanaco (lama guanicoe). | twenty free-ranging guanaco (lama guanicoe) in chubut province, argentina, were immobilized for health evaluations. all but two animals appeared to be in good condition. hematology, serum chemistry, and vitamin and mineral levels were measured, and feces were evaluated for parasites. serology tests included bluetongue, brucellosis, bovine respiratory syncitial virus, bovine viral diarrhea/mucosal disease, equine herpesvirus 1, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, johne's disease (mycobacterium par ... | 1998 | 9732026 |
| genetic analysis of the g and p genes in ungulate respiratory syncytial viruses by rnase a mismatch cleavage method. | the g and p genes of bovine, ovine and caprine respiratory syncytial (rs) viruses were analyzed by rnase a one-dimensional fingerprinting, using a 51908 as the reference strain. antisense g or p rna probes of bovine rs virus strain a 51908 were hybridized to total rna extracted from bovine turbinate cells infected with bovine, ovine or caprine rs virus strains. the rna:rna heteroduplexes were digested with rnase a and the resistant products were analyzed by gel electrophoresis. comparative analy ... | 1998 | 9791866 |
| a bovine respiratory syncytial virus strain with mutations in subgroup-specific antigenic domains of the g protein induces partial heterologous protection in cattle. | bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) strains are tentatively divided in subgroups a, ab and b, based on antigenic differences of the g protein. a dutch brsv strain (waiboerhoeve: wbh), could not be assigned to one of the subgroups, because the strain did not react with any monoclonal antibody against the g protein. we describe here that the wbh strain has accumulated critical mutations in subgroup-specific domains of the g protein gene, which also occur but then independently in g protein g ... | 1998 | 9850996 |
| complete protection of mice from respiratory syncytial virus infection following mucosal delivery of synthetic peptide vaccines. | we have previously shown that intraperitoneal immunization of balb/c mice with the 14 amino-acid long synthetic peptides g/174-187 and bg/174-187, representing the region 174-187 of the g-glycoprotein from human (h) and bovine (b) respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), respectively, completely protects animals from infection with the corresponding virus. a current goal in vaccine development being the delivery of noninvasive protective antigens via mucosal surfaces, we have evaluated the immunogenic ... | 1999 | 10067688 |
| the effects of bovine respiratory syncytial on normal ovine lymphocyte responses to mitogens or antigens in vitro. | in the present study peripheral blod mononuclear cells (mnc) obtained from normal uninfected lambs were used to study the possible effects of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) on lymphocyte responses to the mitogens, phytohaemagglutinin (pha), concanavalin a (con a) and pokeweed mitogen (pwm) in vitro. live brsv had a depressive effect on the proliferative responses of normal mnc to pha, con a and pwm. inactivated brsv and a commercial preparation of prostaglandin e2 were also found to d ... | 1999 | 10099024 |
| analysis of ruminant respiratory syncytial virus isolates by rnase protection of the g glycoprotein transcripts. | two different respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) radiolabeled probes were used to characterize the genetic heterogeneity of 25 ruminant rsv isolates by the ribonuclease protection assay. a 32p-radiolabeled antisense rna probe was transcribed from cloned ovine and bovine rsv g glycoprotein genes and then hybridized with total rna isolated from infected cells with various ruminant rsv isolates. the results of this study, along with previously published nucleotide sequence data of the ovine rsv g gl ... | 1999 | 10353351 |
| expression and characterisation of the ovine respiratory syncytial virus (orsv) g protein for use as a diagnostic reagent. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes severe lower respiratory tract infection in children and calves. antibodies to ovine rsv (orsv) are common in sheep, but the clinical disease is not well defined. there is no report of orsv infection in australian sheep although respiratory distress syndrome has been described. this discrepancy may be due to the lack of a suitable diagnostic test. in this report, we have characterised the orsv g protein in an attempt to study its relatedness to human and ... | 1999 | 10543382 |
| response of the ruminant respiratory tract to mannheimia (pasteurella) haemolytica. | pneumonia is a leading cause of loss to the sheep and cattle industry throughout the world. mannheimia (pasteurella) haemolytica is one of the most important respiratory pathogens of domestic ruminants and causes serious outbreaks of acute pneumonia in neonatal, weaned and growing lambs, calves, and goats. m. haemolytica is also an important cause of pneumonia in adult animals. transportation, viral infections with agents such as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, parainfluenza-3 virus or ... | 2000 | 10967288 |
| evolution of bovine respiratory syncytial virus. | until now, the analysis of the genetic diversity of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) has been based on small numbers of field isolates. in this report, we determined the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of regions of the nucleoprotein (n protein), fusion protein (f protein), and glycoprotein (g protein) of 54 european and north american isolates and compared them with the sequences of 33 isolates of brsv obtained from the databases, together with those of 2 human respiratory ... | 2000 | 11044116 |
| in situ hybridization detection of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in the lung of experimentally infected lambs. | we studied the distribution of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) rna in lungs of experimentally inoculated lambs by in situ hybridization at different times postinoculation. the probe used for in situ hybridization was prepared by reverse transcription of brsv rna, followed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification of the cdna. twenty-five merino lambs of both sexes with a live weight of 17 +/- 3 kg received an intratracheal inoculation of 20 ml saline solution containing 1.26 x 1 ... | 2000 | 11105951 |
| validation of synthetic peptide enzyme immunoassays in differentiating two subgroups of ruminant respiratory syncytial virus. | subgroup-specific peptide-based enzyme immunoassays from each respective g-glycoprotein of the ovine and the bovine respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) were developed to detect rsv-specific igg responses in cattle. antigenic peptides from the respective g-glycoprotein were identified from the extracellular central hydrophobic region (amino acids 158-189) located between 2 mucin-rich regions. these antigenic peptides identified by epitope mapping from each g-glycoprotein were synthesized and used t ... | 2001 | 11289207 |
| prevalence of ovine and bovine respiratory syncytial virus infections in cattle determined with a synthetic peptide-based immunoassay. | subgroup-specific peptide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays from the g-protein of the ovine and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), respectively, were used to determine the prevalence of the ovine and bovine subgroup strains of rsv infections in cattle. a total of 1,102 bovine serum samples were obtained from 6 diagnostic laboratories located in the northwestern and the southeastern usa and were tested for antibody to either the bovine or ovine subgroups of rsv. antibody to viruses ... | 2001 | 11289208 |
| antiviral activity and structural characteristics of the nonglycosylated central subdomain of human respiratory syncytial virus attachment (g) glycoprotein. | segments of the cystine noose-containing nonglycosylated central subdomain, residues 149-197, of the attachment (g) glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) have been assessed for impact on the cytopathic effect (cpe) of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). nalpha-acetyl residues 149-197-amide (g149-197), g149-189, and g149-177 of the a2 strain of hrsv protected 50% of human epithelial hep-2 cells from the cpe of the a2 strain at concentrations (ic(50)) between 5 and 80 microm. cys ... | 2001 | 11487583 |
| the ovine respiratory syncytial virus f gene sequence and its diagnostic application. | ruminant respiratory syncytial viruses (rsvs) are classified into 2 subgroups, ovine rsv and bovine rsv. although ovine rsv infects cattle, its contribution to bovine respiratory tract disease has not been established, which is an important issue for vaccine development in cattle. diagnosis by virus isolation or serology has low or variable sensitivity and/or specificity and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) has been recommended as a rapid and sensitive technique for rsv detection. a simple proced ... | 2001 | 11724134 |
| respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein mediates inhibition of mitogen-induced t-cell proliferation by contact. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) are major pathogens in infants and calves, respectively. experimental brsv infection of calves and lambs is associated with lymphopenia and a reduction in responsiveness of peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbls) to mitogens ex vivo. in this report, we show that in vitro mitogen-induced proliferation of pbls is inhibited after contact with rsv-infected and uv-inactivated cells or with cells expressing rsv envelope ... | 2002 | 11773392 |
| comparison of targeting f and g protein genes to detect bovine and ovine respiratory syncytial viruses. | in this study, 2 reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assays were developed and compared for simultaneous detection of bovine and ovine respiratory syncytial viruses (rsvs). one assay was based on a set of primers, which amplified a 426-bp fragment of either bovine or ovine rsv f gene (rt-pcr f). the f products could be distinguished by ecori or bstyi restriction endonuclease cleavage. in the other assay, a set of primers amplified a 542-bp fragment of either ovine or bovine ... | 2003 | 12735351 |
| infectious disease survey of gemsbok in new mexico. | exotic wildlife can introduce new diseases or act as reservoirs of endemic diseases. on white sands missile range, new mexico (usa), significant declines in populations of native ungulates generally correspond to increases in range and population density of the exotic gemsbok (oryx gazella gazella), introduced beginning in 1969. we surveyed gemsbok in 2001 for exposure to a variety of diseases potentially important for native ungulates. high seroprevalence was found for malignant catarrhal fever ... | 2003 | 14733271 |
| reduced clearance of respiratory syncytial virus infection in a preterm lamb model. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes significant respiratory disease in children worldwide. for the study of severe rsv disease seen in preterm infants, a suitable animal model is lacking. the novel hypothesis of this study was that preterm lambs are susceptible to bovine rsv (brsv) infection, an analogous pneumovirus with ruminant host specificity, and that there would be age-dependent differences in select rsv disease parameters. during rsv infection, preterm lambs had elevated temperature ... | 2004 | 15555538 |
| new transtracheal bronchoalveolar lavage technique for the diagnosis of respiratory disease in sheep. | a new transtracheal bronchoalveolar lavage technique for the diagnosis of respiratory disease in sheep under field conditions was tested in 76 sheep. the sheep were divided into three groups, normal sheep, sheep with clinical signs of respiratory disease and housed sheep, on the basis of their respiratory disease history and husbandry conditions. the detection of mannheimia haemolytica and mycoplasma ovipneumoniae or parainfluenza virus type 3 and bovine respiratory syncytial virus antigen in th ... | 2005 | 16155238 |
| differential expression of ovine innate immune genes by preterm and neonatal lung epithelia infected with respiratory syncytial virus. | preterm infants have increased susceptibility to severe manifestations of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. the cause(s) for this age-dependent vulnerability is/are not well-defined, but alterations in innate immune products have been implicated. in sheep, rsv disease severity has similar age-dependent characteristics and sheep have several related innate molecules for study during pulmonary infection including surfactant protein a (sp-a), surfactant protein d (sp-d), sheep beta defen ... | 2006 | 16817774 |
| serosurvey of roe deer, chamois and domestic sheep in the central italian alps. | roe deer (capreolus capreolus), chamois (rupicapra rupricapra rupicapra), and domestic sheep in the orobie alps, italy, were serologically tested for antibodies to selected pathogens that may be transmitted across species. antibodies against brucella spp. and bovine herpesvirus 1 (roe deer and chamois only) were not detected in any species. in roe deer, antibodies were detected against toxoplasma gondii (13%) and neospora caninum (3%). chamois tested positive for antibodies to t. gondii (5%), n. ... | 2006 | 17092903 |
| immunization strategies for the prevention of pneumovirus infections. | pneumoviruses, which are viruses of the family paramyxoviridae, subfamily pneumovirinae, are pathogens that infect the respiratory tract of their host species. the human pneumovirus pathogen, human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), has counterparts that infect cows (bovine rsv), sheep (ovine rsv), goats (caprine rsv) and rodents (pneumonia virus of mice). each pneumovirus is host specific and results in a spectrum of disease, ranging from mild upper-respiratory illness to severe bronchiolitis a ... | 2007 | 17408367 |
| neonatal ovine pulmonary dendritic cells support bovine respiratory syncytial virus replication with enhanced interleukin (il)-4 and il-10 gene transcripts. | the lung microenvironment is constantly exposed to microorganisms and particulate matter. lung dendritic cells (dcs) play a crucial role in the uptake and processing of antigens found within the respiratory tract. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common respiratory tract pathogen in children that induces an influx of dcs to the mucosal surfaces of the lung. using a neonatal lamb model, we examined the in vivo permissiveness of dcs to rsv infection, as well as overall cell surface changes a ... | 2007 | 17425426 |
| pretreatment with recombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor reduces virus replication and inflammation in a perinatal lamb model of respiratory syncytial virus infection. | vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) is increasingly recognized as a perinatal regulator of lung maturation and surfactant protein expression. preterm and young infants are at increased risk for pulmonary immaturity characterized by insufficient surfactant production as well as increased risk for severe manifestations of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. innate immune components including surfactant proteins a and d, and beta-defensins have putative antimicrobial activity against ... | 2007 | 17425433 |
| histophilus somni host-parasite relationships. | histophilus somni (haemophilus somnus) is one of the key bacterial pathogens involved in the multifactorial etiology of the bovine respiratory disease complex. this gram negative pleomorphic rod also causes bovine septicemia, thrombotic meningencephalitis, myocarditis, arthritis, abortion and infertility, as well as disease in sheep, bison and bighorn sheep. virulence factors include lipooligosaccharide, immunoglobulin binding proteins (as a surface fibrillar network), a major outer membrane pro ... | 2007 | 18218158 |
| microorganisms associated with a pneumonic epizootic in rocky mountain bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis canadensis). | a comprehensive study of a pneumonic epizootic was initiated when the first signs of disease were noted in a metapopulation of bighorn sheep inhabiting hells canyon, bordering idaho, oregon, and washington. a total of 92 bighorn sheep were tested for etiologic agents during the following 6-mo study period. the study population included bighorn sheep believed to be the subpopulation in which disease was first noted, and these sheep were translocated to a holding facility in an effort to contain t ... | 2007 | 18229860 |
| antibody prevalence against respiratory viruses in sheep and goats in north-western turkey. | respiratory viruses may infect both small and large ruminant species, and can be transmitted among those of species. present study reports presence and serological distribution of bovine respiratory viral infections in sheep and goats in marmara region of turkey. total of 388 sera, 228 from sheep and 160 from goats collected from 4 provinces were analysed. neutralising antibodies specific to bvdv, bhv-1, brsv, pi-3, bav-1 and bav-3 were investigated. among 388 serum samples 32.1% were positive f ... | 2009 | 18756353 |
| differential expression of cytokine transcripts in neonatal and adult ovine alveolar macrophages in response to respiratory syncytial virus or toll-like receptor ligation. | alveolar macrophages (amvarphis) secrete regulatory molecules that are believed to be critical in maintaining normal lung homeostasis. however, in response to activating signals, amvarphis have been shown to become highly phagocytic cells capable of secreting significant levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. there is evidence to suggest that susceptibility of mvarphi subpopulations to viral infection, and their subsequent cytokine/chemokine response, is dependent on age of the host. in the prese ... | 2010 | 20207014 |
| bighorn sheep fetal lung cell line for detection of respiratory viruses. | pneumonia is an important disease of bighorn sheep (bhs) that is primarily responsible for the drastic decline in numbers of these animals in north america. members of the genus mannheimia and pasteurella have frequently been isolated from the pneumonic lungs of bhs. antibodies to several respiratory viruses, including bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (bpiv-3), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), and bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1), have been detected in herd ... | 2010 | 20357964 |
| animal models of human respiratory syncytial virus disease. | infection with the human pneumovirus pathogen, respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv), causes a wide spectrum of respiratory disease, notably among infants and the elderly. laboratory animal studies permit detailed experimental modeling of hrsv disease and are therefore indispensable in the search for novel therapies and preventative strategies. current animal models include several target species for hrsv, including chimpanzees, cattle, sheep, cotton rats and mice, as well as alternative animal pne ... | 2011 | 21571908 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection is associated with an altered innate immunity and a heightened pro-inflammatory response in the lungs of preterm lambs. | abstract: | 2011 | 21827668 |
| establishment of a novel ovine kidney cell line for isolation and propagation of viruses infecting domestic cloven-hoofed animal species. | a sheep kidney-derived cell line, flk-n3, was successfully established after serial (>100) passages. persistent infection of this cell line with viruses and mycoplasma was not detected. the cells grew well and showed susceptibility to a wide variety of viruses derived from ovine, bovine, and porcine species, including orf virus, maedi visna virus, bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine parainfluenza virus 3, bovine viral diarrhea viruses 1 and 2, bovine coronavirus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bov ... | 2011 | 21695582 |
| host and viral traits predict zoonotic spillover from mammals. | the majority of human emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic, with viruses that originate in wild mammals of particular concern (for example, hiv, ebola and sars). understanding patterns of viral diversity in wildlife and determinants of successful cross-species transmission, or spillover, are therefore key goals for pandemic surveillance programs. however, few analytical tools exist to identify which host species are likely to harbour the next human virus, or which viruses can cross species ... | 2017 | 28636590 |