| saliva-activated transmission (sat) of thogoto virus: dynamics of sat factor activity in the salivary glands of rhipicephalus appendiculatus, amblyomma variegatum, and boophilus microplus ticks. | thogoto (tho) virus is transmitted from infected to uninfected ticks when co-feeding on uninfected guinea-pigs, even though the guinea-pigs do not develop a detectable viraemia. this form of non-viraemic transmission is potentiated by a factor(s) secreted by the saliva of ticks and hence has been termed saliva-activated transmission (sat). the synthesis of the sat factor by the salivary glands of three ixodid tick species was determined by placing uninfected nymphal ticks on guinea-pigs that wer ... | 1992 | 1326431 |
| dissemination, replication, and trans-stadial persistence of dugbe virus (nairovirus, bunyaviridae) in the tick vector amblyomma variegatum. | the dissemination and replication of dugbe (dug) virus and its tissue tropisms in the tick vector amblyomma variegatum were examined by immunohistochemical analysis using specific antibody, in situ hybridization with a viral-complementary riboprobe, and infectivity assays of dissected tissues. dugbe virus was localized in both unfed and feeding adults inoculated as nymphs or orally infected by capillary feeding, and in nymphs infected by capillary feeding. in non-feeding ticks, the main sites of ... | 1991 | 1867347 |
| non-viraemic transmission of thogoto virus: vector efficiency of rhipicephalus appendiculatus and amblyomma variegatum. | previous studies have demonstrated that thogoto virus is transmitted from infected to uninfected ticks when co-feeding on uninfected guinea-pigs, even though the guinea-pigs do not develop a detectable viraemia. furthermore, tick to tick transmission is potentiated by factors associated with the salivary glands of ticks (saliva activated transmission). the vector efficiency of 2 ixodid tick species, rhipicephalus appendiculatus and amblyomma variegatum, for thogoto virus was assessed using this ... | 1990 | 2096521 |
| resistance and cross-resistance in guinea-pigs and rabbits to immature stages of ixodid ticks. | infestation of guinea-pigs and rabbits with larvae of any one of five species of ticks, rhipicephalus appendiculatus neumann, rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi neumann, amblyomma hebrauem koch, amblyomma variegatum fabricius and ixodes ricinus l., conferred resistance in the animals when exposed to subsequent infestations with the same tick species. resistance to infestations by other tick species was not observed. | 1989 | 2519683 |
| immunoglobulin-g binding proteins in the ixodid ticks, rhipicephalus appendiculatus, amblyomma variegatum and ixodes hexagonus. | a guinea-pig immunoglobulin-g linked agarose column was used to detect the immunoglobulin-g binding proteins (igbp) in the ixodid ticks, rhipicephalus appendiculatus, amblyomma variegatum and ixodes hexagonus. igbps were found in salivary gland extract (sge) of the unfed ticks of all 3 species. the sizes of the igbps, as determined by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, differed between species. in r. appendiculatus 2 igbp bands were detected in haemolymph collected from unfed females and ma ... | 1995 | 7675530 |
| amblyomma variegatum (acari: ixodidae): mechanism and control of arbovirus secretion in tick saliva. | saliva is considered to be the conduit by which pathogens are transmitted from blood-sucking arthropod vectors to their vertebrate hosts, but supporting evidence for this is fragmentary. to determine if thogoto (tho) virus, a tick-borne member of the influenza virus family, is transmitted via tick saliva, and whether virus replication is a prerequisite for such transmission, two experimental conditions were compared: (1) "biological transmission" and (2) "mechanical transmission." in (1), tho vi ... | 1996 | 8631383 |
| tropical bont tick eradication campaign in the french antilles. current status. | the amblyomma variegatum eradication campaign was officially started in april 1994 in martinique and in guadeloupe, including its dependencies of marie galante, desirade and st martin. a budget of $10.5 and $5.9 million for guadeloupe and martinique, respectively, was initially (1991) calculated and considered necessary to achieve the program. however, eec, the most important donor, estimated that 75% only of this proposal was acceptable, on which it agrees to support a maximum of 50%. the balan ... | 1996 | 8784487 |
| african swine fever virus infection in the argasid host, ornithodoros porcinus porcinus. | the pathogenesis of african swine fever virus (asfv) infection in ornithodoros porcinus porcinus was examined in nymphal ticks infected with the asfv isolate chiredzi/83/1. at times postinfection (p.i.) ranging from 6 h to 290 days, ticks or dissected tick tissues were titrated for virus and examined ultrastructurally for evidence of virus replication. the asfv infection rate in ticks was 100% in these experiments, and virus infection was not associated with a significant increase in tick mortal ... | 1998 | 9499019 |
| african swine fever virus replication in the midgut epithelium is required for infection of ornithodoros ticks. | although the malawi lil20/1 (mal) strain of african swine fever virus (asfv) was isolated from ornithodoros sp. ticks, our attempts to experimentally infect ticks by feeding them this strain failed. ten different collections of ornithodorus porcinus porcinus ticks and one collection of o. porcinus domesticus ticks were orally exposed to a high titer of mal. at 3 weeks postinoculation (p.i.), <25% of the ticks contained detectable virus, with viral titers of <4 log(10) 50% hemadsorbing doses/ml. ... | 1999 | 10482612 |
| a cross-reactive tick cement antigen is a candidate broad-spectrum tick vaccine. | truncated constructs of 64p (64trps), a secreted cement protein from salivary glands of the tick rhipicephalus appendiculatus, provided cross-protection against rhipicephalus sanguineus and ixodes ricinus, apparently by targeting antigens in the midgut and salivary glands of adults and nymphs, causing mortality. tick feeding on 64trp-immunised animals stimulated local inflammatory immune responses (involving basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, mast cells, macrophages and dendritic-like cells) t ... | 2005 | 15913855 |
| tick-borne viruses. | at least 38 viral species are transmitted by ticks. virus-tick-vertebrate host relationships are highly specific and less than 10% of all tick species (argasidae and ixodidae) are known to play a role as vectors of arboviruses. however, a few tick species transmit several (e.g. ixodes ricinus, amblyomma variegatum) or many (i. uriae) tick-borne viruses. tick-borne viruses are found in six different virus families (asfarviridae, reoviridae, rhabdoviridae, orthomyxoviridae, bunyaviridae, flaviviri ... | 2004 | 15938513 |
| genetic structure and evolution of the vps25 family, a yeast escrt-ii component. | vps25p is the product of yeast gene vps25 and is found in an endosomal sorting complex required for transport (escrt)-ii, along with vps22p and vps36p. this complex is essential for sorting of ubiquitinated biosynthetic and endosomal cargoes into endosomes. | 2006 | 16889659 |
| a critical analysis of disease-associated dna polymorphisms in the genes of cattle, goat, sheep, and pig. | genetic variations through their effects on gene expression and protein function underlie disease susceptibility in farm animal species. the variations are in the form of single nucleotide polymorphisms, deletions/insertions of nucleotides or whole genes, gene or whole chromosomal rearrangements, gene duplications, and copy number polymorphisms or variants. they exert varying degrees of effects on gene action, such as substitution of an amino acid for another, shift in reading frame and prematur ... | 2008 | 18350334 |
| amblyomma cajennense (fabricius, 1787) (acari: ixodidae), the cayenne tick: phylogeography and evidence for allopatric speciation. | amblyomma cajennense f. is one of the best known and studied ticks in the new world because of its very wide distribution, its economical importance as pest of domestic ungulates, and its association with a variety of animal and human pathogens. recent observations, however, have challenged the taxonomic status of this tick and indicated that intraspecific cryptic speciation might be occurring. in the present study, we investigate the evolutionary and demographic history of this tick and examine ... | 2013 | 24320199 |
| transcriptome analysis of loxosceles laeta (araneae, sicariidae) spider venomous gland using expressed sequence tags. | the bite of spiders belonging to the genus loxosceles can induce a variety of clinical symptoms, including dermonecrosis, thrombosis, vascular leakage, haemolysis, and persistent inflammation. in order to examine the transcripts expressed in venom gland of loxosceles laeta spider and to unveil the potential of its products on cellular structure and functional aspects, we generated 3,008 expressed sequence tags (ests) from a cdna library. | 2008 | 18547439 |
| evolution and origin of merlin, the product of the neurofibromatosis type 2 (nf2) tumor-suppressor gene. | merlin, the product of the neurofibromatosis type 2 (nf2) tumor suppressor gene, belongs to the ezrin-radixin-moesin (erm) subgroup of the protein 4.1 superfamily, which links cell surface glycoproteins to the actin cytoskeleton. while merlin's functional activity has been examined in mammalian and drosophila models, little is understood about its evolution, diversity, and overall distribution among different taxa. | 2005 | 16324214 |