| ecology of viruses isolated from sand flies in italy and characterized of a new phlebovirus (arabia virus). | a total of 84 virus strains was obtained from 16,374 male and female sand flies (phlebotomus perniciosus and p. perfiliewi) collected in two localities of tuscany region in italy between 1980 and 1985. thirty-seven (44%) were identified as toscana virus (family bunyaviridae, genus phlebovirus) and 47 (56%) as a new member of the phlebotomus fever serogroup, arbia virus. the characteristics of this new serotype are described. the overall virus isolation rate from sand flies was 0.5 per 100 insect ... | 1988 | 3128131 |
| vertical transmission of toscana virus in the sandfly, phlebotomus perniciosus, via the second gonotrophic cycle. | | 1993 | 8369564 |
| evaluation of the efficacy of a topically administered combination of imidacloprid and permethrin against phlebotomus perniciosus in dog. | the phlebotomine sand fly phlebotomus perniciosus is one of the main vectors of leishmania infantum, responsible for human and canine leishmaniasis in the mediterranean basin. the objective of this study was to evaluate the repellent and insecticidal efficacy of imidacloprid 10% (w/v)/permethrin 50% (w/v) spot-on against sand flies (p. perniciosus) on dogs. the dogs used in this trial were laboratory-bred beagles: eight were impregnated with the solution (treated group), while the other eight we ... | 2007 | 17056182 |
| cocirculation of 2 genotypes of toscana virus, southeastern france. | toscana virus (tosv), an arthropodborne phlebovirus transmitted by sandflies, can cause febrile illness and meningitis. the vector of tosv in france was unknown. we detected tosv rna in 2 (female phlebotomus perniciosus) of 61 pools of sandflies captured in southeastern france. two genotypes of tosv were identified. | 2007 | 17552102 |
| Epidemiologic relationship between Toscana virus infection and Leishmania infantum due to common exposure to Phlebotomus perniciosus sandfly vector. | Sand flies are recognised vectors of parasites in the genus Leishmania and a number of arthropod-borne viruses, in particular viruses within the genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. In southern France, Toscana phlebovirus (TOSV) is recognized as a prominent cause of summer meningitis. Since Leishmania and TOSV have a common vector (Phlebotomus perniciosus), an epidemiologic link has been assumed for a long time. However, there is no scientific evidence of such a link between human leishmanios ... | 2011 | 21949894 |
| phleboviruses detection in phlebotomus perniciosus from a human leishmaniasis focus in south-west madrid region, spain. | phlebotomus-borne (phb-) viruses are distributed in large areas of the old world and are widespread throughout the mediterranean basin, where recent investigations have indicated that virus diversity is higher than initially suspected. some of these viruses are causes of meningitis, encephalitis and febrile illnesses. in order to monitor the viral presence and the infection rate of phb-viruses in a recently identified and well characterized human zoonotic leishmaniasis focus in southwestern madr ... | 2016 | 27075742 |
| experimental evaluation of sand fly collection and storage methods for the isolation and molecular detection of phlebotomus-borne viruses. | several viruses have been recently isolated from mediterranean phlebotomine sand flies; some are known to cause human disease while some are new to science. to monitor the phlebotomus-borne viruses spreading, field studies are in progress using different sand fly collection and storage methods. two main sampling techniques consist of cdc light traps, an attraction method allowing collection of live insects in which the virus is presumed to be fairly preserved, and sticky traps, an interception m ... | 2015 | 26552444 |
| diversity of phlebotomus perniciosus in provence, southeastern france: detection of two putative new phlebovirus sequences. | phlebotomine sand flies are known to transmit leishmania, bacteria, and viruses that affect humans and animals in many countries worldwide. sand fly-borne viruses belong mainly to the phlebovirus, vesiculovirus, and orbivirus genera, and some of them are associated with outbreaks or sporadic human cases in the mediterranean europe. up to now, toscana virus is the only phlebovirus of medical importance identified in france. to study the diversity of the sand fly population living in the southeast ... | 2013 | 23705585 |
| presence of sandflies infected with leishmania infantum and massilia virus in the marseille urban area. | leishmaniasis is considered a rural disease in europe. however, circumstantial evidence has indicated urban transmission of leishmaniasis and phleboviruses in the urban area of marseille, france. to investigate this urban transmission, sandflies were trapped in 33 locations in the urban area (horse farms, public gardens and a residential area). sandflies were always captured: 87.8% were phlebotomus perniciosus, a vector of leishmania infantum and toscana and massilia viruses. rt-pcr and cell cul ... | 2014 | 24107240 |
| emergence of toscana virus in the mediterranean area. | toscana virus (tosv) is an arthropod-borne virus, identified in 1971, from phlebotomus perniciosus and phlebotomus perfiliewi in central italy. tosv belongs to the phlebovirus genus within the bunyaviridae family. as other bunyaviruses, the genome of tosv consists of 3 segments (s for small, m for medium, and l for large) respectively encoding non structural and capsid proteins, envelope structural proteins, and the viral rna-dependant rna-polymerase. it is transmitted by sand flies. therefore i ... | 0 | 24175218 |
| first detection of toscana virus rna from sand flies in the genus phlebotomus (diptera: phlebotomidae) naturally infected in morocco. | in total, 656 sand flies were collected in june 2008 from louata, a locality of sefrou province, morocco. testing was conducted for the presence of phlebovirus by nested reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. we detected toscana virus in four pools of male phlebotomus perniciosus. this virus belongs to the genotype b previously recognized in france and spain. this is the first time that toscana virus has been detected in morocco. | 2012 | 23270183 |
| [phleboviruses laboratory diagnosis (toscana virus)]. | viruses from the phlebovirus genus (family bunyaviridae) are arboviruses that can be transmitted to humans by mosquitoes (rift valey virus) or by sandflies. in phleboviruses group we can find the etiological agents for sandfly fever (sf) that is spread in the mediterranean basin, middle east, pakistan and india. in portugal, the importance of phleboviruses to the public health is recognized because there have been detected cases of toscana virus infection wich is responsible for severe cases of ... | 2007 | 18198078 |
| emergence of toscana virus in europe. | toscana virus (tosv) is an arthropod-borne virus first identified in 1971 from the sandfly phlebotomus perniciosus in central italy. many case reports in travelers and clinical research and epidemiologic studies conducted around the mediterranean region have shown that tosv has a tropism for the central nervous system (cns) and is a major cause of meningitis and encephalitis in countries in which it circulates. in central italy, tosv is the most frequent cause of meningitis from may to october, ... | 2005 | 16318715 |
| sandfly fever viruses in italy. | two serologically distinct agents, the sandfly fever sicilian and the sandfly fever naples viruses, were isolated by sabin from blood samples taken during an italian epidemic of febrile illness. since then, several different viruses have been isolated from sandflies and/or humans in both the old and new world. toscana virus, a new virus closely antigenically related to sandfly fever naples virus, was isolated in 1971 from the sandfly phlebotomus perniciosus in italy. extensive studies on the imp ... | 1996 | 8800804 |
| growth of two phleboviruses after experimental infection of their suspected sand fly vector, phlebotomus perniciosus (diptera: psychodidae). | phlebotomus perniciosus were infected by intrathoracic inoculation and membrane feeding techniques with two phleboviruses (toscana and arbia) isolated in italy from this sand fly species. low levels of multiplication of both viruses were detected after intrathoracic inoculation of the sand flies. only some insects were found infected after oral ingestion of the two viruses. the percentage of flies infected orally was related to the amount of virus ingested. toscana virus was transovarially trans ... | 1985 | 3918472 |
| rna genome stability of toscana virus during serial transovarial transmission in the sandfly phlebotomus perniciosus. | we have carried out a t1 ribonuclease fingerprinting analysis of the rna genomes of toscana virus isolates from successive generations of an experimentally virus-infected laboratory colony of phlebotomus perniciosus sandflies. this analysis detected no virus rna genome changes during transovarial transmission of the virus over 12 sandfly generations (a period of almost 2 years). these results demonstrate that although rna viruses can exhibit high rates of mutational change under a variety of con ... | 1988 | 3140506 |
| maintenance of toscana virus in phlebotomus perniciosus by vertical transmission. | toscana virus was maintained in a laboratory colony of phlebotomus perniciosus by vertical (transovarial) transmission for 13 consecutive generations over a 23-month period. no significant biological changes were noted in the virus after prolonged vertical passage in the sand flies, and transovarially infected females were able to transmit the agent by bite to susceptible animals. chronic infection of ph. perniciosus with toscana virus had no apparent effect on the insects' rate of eclosion. in ... | 1987 | 3028194 |
| simulation of arbovirus overwintering: survival of toscana virus (bunyaviridae:phlebovirus) in its natural sand fly vector phlebotomus perniciosus. | a series of experiments were done to study the effect of simulated summer and winter temperatures on the development of phlebotomus perniciosus (diptera:psychodidae) and on the survival of toscana virus in transovarially infected insects. sand flies maintained at 28 degrees c developed relatively fast, with adults emerging from 40 to 55 days after initial oviposition. similar results were obtained with insects reared at 25 degrees c. in contrast, sand flies maintained at 15 degrees c developed s ... | 1992 | 1449197 |
| first detection of toscana virus in corsica, france. | toscana virus (tosv) was detected for the first time from phlebotomus perniciosus sandflies in corsica, a french mediterranean island. genetic analysis showed that corsican tosv belongs to lineage a, together with italian, tunisian, turkish and other french strains. the demonstration of tosv in corsica indicates that autochthonous and tourist populations are at risk of infection. hence, physicians must consider tosv as a possible cause of aseptic meningitis and unidentified febrile illness durin ... | 2014 | 23992202 |
| genetic variability of the s segment of toscana virus. | toscana virus (tosv) was originally isolated in 1971 from a pool of phlebotomus perniciosus sandflies collected in grosseto province (central italy). since its first isolation, several studies have been conducted in italy and other mediterranean countries in order to identify its possible animal reservoirs, spread of infection and genetic variability. phylogenetic analysis conducted on tosv genome demonstrated the co-circulation of two major lineages in the mediterranean areas, tosv a and tosv b ... | 2015 | 25616048 |
| phenology and host preferences phlebotomus perniciosus (diptera: phlebotominae) in a focus of toscana virus (tosv) in south of france. | this paper reports on an entomological survey performed over the period 2009-2011 in endemic focus of peri-urban tosv in south of france located from 24km east of marseille. sand flies were captured using cdc light traps set in sand fly resting places overnight, and temperature, relative humidity and wind were recorded to establish possible relations between meteorological factors and vector densities. the most common species, of 5,432 specimens collected and identified, was phlebotomus pernicio ... | 2016 | 26477847 |
| phleboviruses associated with sand flies in arid bio-geographical areas of central tunisia. | an entomological investigation was carried out in 2014 at two sites located in central tunisia, one irrigated and another non-irrigated situated in arid bio-geographical areas. sand flies of the subgenus larroussius namely phlebotomus perfiliewi, phlebotomus perniciosus, and phlebotomus longicuspis are the most abundant sand fly species in the irrigated site. however, in the non-irrigated site, phlebotomus papatasi of the phlebotomus genus is the most abundant species. a total of 3191 sand flies ... | 2016 | 26875761 |