| studies of collagen in bone and dentin matrix of a columbian mammoth (late pleistocene) of central utah. | a columbian mammoth, mammuthus columbi, was excavated at an elevation of 9000 feet in huntington canyon, emery county, utah. radiocarbon dates on the skeleton indicated death approximately 11,200 years ago. the skeleton was removed from postglacial, late quaternary, lake sediments deposited as glacial runoff approximately 9500 years ago. the bones and teeth were especially well preserved in a saturated lake bed. after excavation the bones and teeth were preserved by controlled desiccation, witho ... | 1992 | 1435514 |
| the elephants of zoba gash barka, eritrea: part 4. cholelithiasis in a wild african elephant (loxodonta africana). | a 4.0-kg cholelith was found within the abdominal cavity of a dead wild african elephant (loxodonta africana) in eritrea. analysis of this cholelith by histochemistry, electron microscopy, electrospray mass spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy revealed it was composed of bile alcohols but no calcium, bilirubin, or cholesterol. bacteria were also found in the cholelith. similar, but smaller, bile stones have been identified previously in other wild african elephants and an excav ... | 2005 | 17312726 |
| proteomic analysis of a pleistocene mammoth femur reveals more than one hundred ancient bone proteins. | we used high-sensitivity, high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry to shotgun sequence ancient protein remains extracted from a 43 000 year old woolly mammoth ( mammuthus primigenius ) bone preserved in the siberian permafrost. for the first time, 126 unique protein accessions, mostly low-abundance extracellular matrix and plasma proteins, were confidently identified by solid molecular evidence. among the best characterized was the carrier protein serum albumin, presenting two single amino acid ... | 2011 | 22103443 |
| attempted dna extraction from a rancho la brea columbian mammoth (mammuthus columbi): prospects for ancient dna from asphalt deposits. | fossil-bearing asphalt deposits are an understudied and potentially significant source of ancient dna. previous attempts to extract dna from skeletons preserved at the rancho la brea tar pits in los angeles, california, have proven unsuccessful, but it is unclear whether this is due to a lack of endogenous dna, or if the problem is caused by asphalt-mediated inhibition. in an attempt to test these hypotheses, a recently recovered columbian mammoth (mammuthus columbi) skeleton with an unusual pat ... | 2014 | 24634719 |
| complete columbian mammoth mitogenome suggests interbreeding with woolly mammoths. | late pleistocene north america hosted at least two divergent and ecologically distinct species of mammoth: the periglacial woolly mammoth (mammuthus primigenius) and the subglacial columbian mammoth (mammuthus columbi). to date, mammoth genetic research has been entirely restricted to woolly mammoths, rendering their genetic evolution difficult to contextualize within broader pleistocene paleoecology and biogeography. here, we take an interspecific approach to clarifying mammoth phylogeny by tar ... | 2011 | 21627792 |
| evolution and dispersal of mammoths across the northern hemisphere. | mammoths provide a detailed example of species origins and dispersal, but understanding has been impeded by taxonomic confusion, especially in north america. the columbian mammoth mammuthus columbi was thought to have evolved in north america from a more primitive eurasian immigrant. the earliest american mammoths (1.5 million years ago), however, resemble the advanced eurasian m. trogontherii that crossed the bering land bridge around that time, giving rise directly to m. columbi. woolly mammot ... | 2015 | 26564853 |
| valsequillo biostratigraphy. iv: proboscidean ecospecies in paleoindian sites. | five proboscidean species have been found in paleoindian sites from north to south america: two open-country adaptations, mammuthus columbi and cuvieronius tarijensis, two woodland and riparian forms, mammut americanum and mammuthus jeffersonii, and one tropical savanna species, haplomastodon chimborazi. their value in biostratigraphy and as ecological index fossils is discussed with particular emphasis on the central mexican paleoindian sites. | 2001 | 11360809 |
| a comprehensive genomic history of extinct and living elephants. | elephantids are the world's most iconic megafaunal family, yet there is no comprehensive genomic assessment of their relationships. we report a total of 14 genomes, including 2 from the american mastodon, which is an extinct elephantid relative, and 12 spanning all three extant and three extinct elephantid species including an ∼120,000-y-old straight-tusked elephant, a columbian mammoth, and woolly mammoths. earlier genetic studies modeled elephantid evolution via simple bifurcating trees, but h ... | 2018 | 29483247 |