| biogeography of tick-borne bhanja virus (bunyaviridae) in europe. | bhanja virus (bhav) is pathogenic for young domestic ruminants and also for humans, causing fever and affections of the central nervous system. this generally neglected arbovirus of the family bunyaviridae is transmitted by metastriate ticks of the genera haemaphysalis, dermacentor, hyalomma, rhipicephalus, boophilus, and amblyomma. geographic distribution of bhav covers southern and central asia, africa, and southern (partially also central) europe. comparative biogeographic study of eight know ... | 2010 | 20182535 |
| tick surveillance in great britain. | the ability for public/veterinary health agencies to assess the risks posed by tick-borne pathogens is reliant on an understanding of the main tick vector species. crucially, the status, distribution, and changing trends in tick distribution and abundance are implicit requirements of any risk assessment; however, this is contingent on the quality of tick distribution data. since 2005 the health protection agency has promoted an enhanced tick surveillance program. through engagement with a variet ... | 2011 | 20849277 |
| the importance of ixodes arboricola in transmission of rickettsia spp., anaplasma phagocytophilum, and borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in the czech republic, central europe. | abstract wild birds are known to be a reservoir of infectious disease agents and disseminatory hosts of ticks. the purpose of this work was to obtain information about the occurrence of rickettsial, anaplasmal, and borrelial infections in some ticks that parasitize wild birds in the czech republic. a total of 549 subadult ticks of three species ixodes arboricola (75.0%), ixodes ricinus (23.1%), and haemaphysalis concinna (1.8%) were collected from 20 species of birds (passeriformes). rickettsiae ... | 2011 | 21612531 |
| circulation of four anaplasma phagocytophilum ecotypes in europe. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is the etiological agent of granulocytic anaplasmosis in humans and animals. wild animals and ticks play key roles in the enzootic cycles of the pathogen. potential ecotypes of a. phagocytophilum have been characterized genetically, but their host range, zoonotic potential and transmission dynamics has only incompletely been resolved. | 2014 | 25127547 |
| tick-borne diseases in turkey: a review based on one health perspective. | the importance of tick-borne diseases is increasing all over the world, including turkey. global warming, environmental and ecological changes and the existence of suitable habitats increase the impact of ticks and result in frequent emergence or re-emergence of tick-borne diseases (tbds) with zoonotic characteristics. in turkey, almost 19 tbds have been reported in animals and men, involving four protozoa (babesiosis, theileriosis, cytauxzoonosis, hepatozoonosis), one filarial nematode (acantho ... | 2016 | 27977689 |
| update on tick-borne rickettsioses around the world: a geographic approach. | tick-borne rickettsioses are caused by obligate intracellular bacteria belonging to the spotted fever group of the genus rickettsia. these zoonoses are among the oldest known vector-borne diseases. however, in the past 25 years, the scope and importance of the recognized tick-associated rickettsial pathogens have increased dramatically, making this complex of diseases an ideal paradigm for the understanding of emerging and reemerging infections. several species of tick-borne rickettsiae that wer ... | 0 | 24092850 |
| the first german map of georeferenced ixodid tick locations. | georeferenced locations of ixodid ticks are required to depict the observed distribution of species. further, they are used as input data for species distribution models also known as niche models. the latter were applied to describe current and future (projected) tick distributions. beside model assumptions and selected climate parameters, the number of georeferenced tick locations available as a digital dataset is of fundamental importance for the reliability of such models. for germany, howev ... | 2014 | 25301245 |
| prevalence of 'candidatus rickettsia vini' in ixodes arboricola ticks in the north of spain, 2011-2013. | the prevalence of rickettsia spp. in ixodes arboricola ticks collected from birds in two locations in the north of spain from 2011 to 2013 was studied. | 2015 | 25889739 |
| mediterranean spotted fever in southeastern romania. | although cases of mediterranean spotted fever (msf) have been reported for decades in southeastern romania, there are few published data. we retrospectively studied 339 patients, diagnosed with msf at the national institute of infectious diseases "prof. dr. matei bals" between 2000 and 2011, in order to raise awareness about msf in certain regions of romania. according to the raoult diagnostic criteria 171 (50.4%) had a score >25 points. mean age was 52.5 years. one hundred and fifty-five (90.6% ... | 2013 | 24024190 |
| hard ticks (acari, ixodidae) of croatia. | the present paper is based on original and literature data. in croatia the first studies on the occurrence of ixodid species were made about 80 years ago. the number of tick species recorded in croatia considerably increased during the 1950s, 60s, 70s and 80s of the past century. a total of 21 species of hard tick belonging to 5 genera have been recorded in croatia. ixodes is the best represented genus, with seven species recorded. haemaphysalis is represented by six species, followed by rhipice ... | 2012 | 23372407 |
| spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks of migratory birds in romania. | birds are important hosts and dispersers of parasitic arthropods and vector-borne zoonotic pathogens. particularly migratory species may carry these parasites over long distances in short time periods. migratory hotspots present ideal conditions to get a snapshot of parasite and pathogen diversity of birds migrating between continents. the aim of this study was to investigate the presence and diversity of rickettsia spp. in ticks collected from birds at a migratory hot-spot in the danube delta, ... | 2016 | 27207258 |
| interactions between tick and transmitted pathogens evolved to minimise competition through nested and coherent networks. | natural foci of ticks, pathogens, and vertebrate reservoirs display complex relationships that are key to the circulation of pathogens and infection dynamics through the landscape. however, knowledge of the interaction networks involved in transmission of tick-borne pathogens are limited because empirical studies are commonly incomplete or performed at small spatial scales. here, we applied the methodology of ecological networks to quantify >14,000 interactions among ticks, vertebrates, and path ... | 2015 | 25993662 |
| do the ticks of birds at an important migratory hotspot reflect the seasonal dynamics of ixodes ricinus at the migration initiation site? a case study in the danube delta. | migratory birds play important roles as distributors of ticks within and between continents. in the old world, the most important migratory route of birds links asia, europe and africa. during their migration, birds use various stopover sites, where they feed and rest and where ticks may attach or detach, creating new natural foci for vector-borne diseases. danube delta is one of the most important migration hotspots and so far no studies were focused on ticks of migratory birds herein. the aim ... | 2014 | 24586732 |
| role of birds in dispersal of etiologic agents of tick-borne zoonoses, spain, 2009. | we amplified gene sequences from anaplasma phagocytophilum, borrelia garinii, b. valaisiana, b. turdi, rickettsia monacensis, r. helvetica, r. sibirica sibirica, and rickettsia spp. (including candidatus rickettsia vini) in ticks removed from birds in spain. the findings support the role of passerine birds as possible dispersers of these tick-borne pathogens. | 2012 | 22709801 |
| prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus in ixodid ticks collected from the republic of korea during 2011-2012. | in this study, we demonstrated that tbev-infected ticks have been distributed in the rok, combined with our previous results. these results suggest that tbev may exist in the rok, and h. longicornis, h. flava, and i. nipponensis may be potential vectors of tbev. in addition, these results emphasize the need for further epidemiological research of tbev. | 2012 | 24159517 |
| ticks of poland. review of contemporary issues and latest research. | the paper presents current knowledge of ticks occurring in poland, their medical importance, and a review of recent studies implemented in the polish research centres on ticks and their significance in the epidemiology of transmissible diseases. in the polish fauna there are 19 species of ticks (ixodida) recognized as existing permanently in our country: argas reflexus, argas polonicus, carios vespertilionis, ixodes trianguliceps, ixodes arboricola, ixodes crenulatus, ixodes hexagonus, ixodes li ... | 2012 | 23444797 |
| differential virulence in two congeneric ticks infesting songbird nestlings. | virulence is part of the proximate base to the understanding of host-parasite interactions, and therefore it is crucial to interpret parasite-induced damage as an outcome of co-evolution between parasite and host. we experimentally investigated the impact of 2 congeneric ticks with contrasting transmission modes and host specificity, on the health of songbird nestlings (parus major). the nidicolous ixodes arboricola lives in tree holes where it obtains blood from adult birds and their nestlings, ... | 2011 | 21733259 |
| synanthropic birds influence the distribution of borrelia species: analysis of ixodes ricinus ticks feeding on passerine birds. | ixodes ricinus ticks collected from 835 birds and from vegetation in the czech republic were analyzed. host-seeking ticks (n = 427) were infected predominantly by borrelia afzelii (25%). ticks (n = 1,012) from songbirds (passeriformes) were infected commonly by borrelia garinii (12.1%) and borrelia valaisiana (13.4%). juveniles of synanthropic birds, eurasian blackbirds (turdus merula) and song thrushes (turdus philomelos), were major reservoir hosts of b. garinii. | 2010 | 21148704 |
| scanning electron microscopy of the ticks ixodes laguri and ixodes arboricola: surface structures of haller's organ. | | 1975 | 1193486 |
| noteworthy recent tick records from egypt. 1. ixodes arboricola schulze and schlottke infesting resident, migrant, and wintering birds in the western coastal desert. | | 1967 | 5629266 |
| the occurrence of ixodes arboricola schulze and schlottke (ixodoidea: ixodidae) in africa on northward migrating birds. | | 1965 | 14302109 |
| contrasting detachment strategies in two congeneric ticks (ixodidae) parasitizing the same songbird. | in non-permanent parasites the separation from the host should take place in suitable habitats that allow the continuation of their life cycle. furthermore, detachment strategies determine the parasites' dispersal capability, a characteristic on which epidemiological dynamics and the evolution of host specificity centre. in this study we experimentally investigate in the laboratory how 2 congeneric tick species, with contrasting habitat requirements, time detachment from one of their current son ... | 2010 | 20025822 |
| winter infestation of wild birds by ticks and chiggers (acari: ixodidae, trombiculidae) in the czech republic. | in winter months during 2003-2006, wild birds were captured and examined for ticks and chiggers at two sites near brno, czech republic. in total, 1,362 birds, mostly passerines, were examined. the tick ixodes arboricola schulze et schlottke, 1929 was found on 47 (3%) birds of six species. ixodes ricinus linnaeus, 1758 was found on 11 (1%) birds of five species. larvae of chiggers ascoschoengastia latyshevi (schluger 1955) were found on 13 (1%) birds of six species. i. arboricola and a. latyshevi ... | 2007 | 17674046 |
| molecular characterization of 'candidatus rickettsia vini' in ixodes arboricola from the czech republic and slovakia. | the aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of rickettsiae in the tree-hole tick ixodes arboricola in the czech republic and slovakia. during may to september of 2009 and 2013, bird boxes belonging to three different areas were screened for ticks. in total, 454 nestlings and 109 nests of 10 hole-breeding bird species were examined. ticks were found on ficedula albicollis, parus major, cyanistes caeruleus and sitta europaea and/or in their nests. in total, 166 ticks (17 nymphs, 10 males a ... | 2015 | 25769386 |
| are the specialized bird ticks, ixodes arboricola and i. frontalis, competent vectors for borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato? | our study tested whether two european bird-specialized ticks, ixodes arboricola and i. frontalis, can act as vectors in the transmission cycles of borrelia burgdorferi s.l. the ticks have contrasting ecologies but share songbird hosts (such as the great tit, parus major) with the generalist i. ricinus which may therefore act as a bridging vector. in the first phase of the experiment, we obtained borrelia-infected ornithophilic nymphs by exposing larvae to great tits that had previously been expo ... | 2014 | 24237635 |
| differential diagnosis of three common ixodes spp. ticks infesting songbirds of western europe: ixodes arboricola, i. frontalis and i. ricinus. | the three most common ixodes spp. ticks found on songbirds in western europe are ixodes frontalis, i. arboricola and i. ricinus. as the latter species is a generalist, it shares several avian hosts with the two strictly ornithophilic species. infestations of the three species can overlap in time and space, implying that tick-borne pathogens maintained by the ornithophilic ticks and their hosts could be bridged by i. ricinus to non-avian hosts. whereas the endophilic ixodes arboricola only occurs ... | 2014 | 25113983 |
| patterns of tick infestation and their borrelia burgdorferi s.l. infection in wild birds in portugal. | wild birds may act as reservoirs for zoonotic pathogens and may be mechanical carriers of pathogen infected vector ticks through long distances during migration. the aim of this study was to assess tick infestation patterns in birds in portugal and the prevalence of tick infection by borrelia burgdorferi s.l. using pcr techniques. seven tick species were collected from birds including haemaphysalis punctata, hyalomma spp., ixodes acuminatus, ixodes arboricola, ixodes frontalis, ixodes ricinus an ... | 2015 | 26159798 |
| urban breeding corvids as disseminators of ticks and emerging tick-borne pathogens. | crows (corvidae) are common city dwellers worldwide and are increasingly important subjects of epidemiology studies. although their importance as hosts and transmitters of a number of zoonotic parasites and pathogens is well known, there are no studies on their importance as tick hosts. after mosquitoes, ticks are the most important vectors of zoonotic pathogens, especially for those causing emerging zoonotic diseases. pathogenic bacteria, especially borrelia spp., rickettsia spp., and anaplasma ... | 2017 | 27922802 |
| population genetic structure of the tree-hole tick ixodes arboricola (acari: ixodidae) at different spatial scales. | the endophilic tick ixodes arboricola infests cavity-nesting birds, and its dispersal strongly depends on the movements of its host. population genetic structure of i. arboricola was studied with seven polymorphic microsatellite markers. we collected 268 ticks from 76 nest boxes in four woodlots near antwerp, belgium. these nest boxes are mainly used by the principal hosts of i. arboricola, the great tit parus major and the blue tit cyanistes caeruleus. as these birds typically return to the sam ... | 2014 | 24781806 |
| rickettsia vini n. sp. (rickettsiaceae) infecting the tick ixodes arboricola (acari: ixodidae). | recently, a new rickettsia named 'candidatus rickettsia vini' belonging to the spotted fever group has been molecularly detected in ixodes arboricola ticks in spain, the czech republic, slovakia and turkey, with prevalence reaching up to 100 %. the aim of this study was to isolate this rickettsia in pure culture, and to describe it as a new rickettsia species. | 2016 | 27565956 |
| persistence of tick-borne encephalitis virus in nymphs and adults of ixodes arboricola and its transmission to white mice. | | 1967 | 4383039 |
| sex ratios of the tick ixodes arboricola are strongly female-biased, but there are no indications of sex-distorting bacteria. | studies on sex ratio are of fundamental importance for understanding the biology of populations and biological control of pests and pathogens. in most ixodes tick species, only females feed in the adult stage and, hence, contribute to pathogen transmission. the tree-hole tick ixodes arboricola infests cavity-nesting birds and has limited dispersal possibilities. it plays an important role in the maintenance of zoonotic disease cycles. here, we quantified the sex ratio of 718 adult i. arboricola ... | 2017 | 29150322 |
| seasonal infestation of birds with immature stages of ixodes ricinus and ixodes arboricola. | this study assessed the parasitization of cavity-nesting birds and ground-nesting/foraging birds with larvae and nymphs of two ixodes species, ixodes ricinus and ixodes arboricola. totals of 679 (52.3%) i. ricinus and 619 (47.7%) i. arboricola ticks were collected from 15 species of passerine birds which were caught during the nesting and non-nesting periods of 2003-2006, in the south-eastern part of the czech republic, the drahanská vrchovina uplands. in the non-nesting period from october to m ... | 2017 | 28169171 |
| isolation and characterization of ten polymorphic microsatellite loci in ixodes arboricola, and cross-amplification in three other ixodes species. | we characterized ten polymorphic microsatellite loci from the tree-hole tick, ixodes arboricola. loci were screened in 11-18 individuals from three belgian populations and five to ten alleles were found at each locus. seven loci did not show deviations from hardy-weinberg equilibrium conditions and there were no indications for null alleles at these loci. the three other loci showed significant heterozygote deficiencies in at least one population, and a high potential for the occurrence of null ... | 2013 | 23644881 |
| [new species of ixodid ticks (ixodidae) for the fauna of armenia]. | two species of ixodids , ixodes arboricola schulze et schlottke and i. frontalis ( panzer ), new for the fauna of armenia are given. larvae and nymphs of these ticks were found on birds in the forest zone and gardens. | 2007 | 6233525 |
| adaptive timing of detachment in a tick parasitizing hole-nesting birds. | in non-permanent parasites with low intrinsic mobility such as ticks, dispersal is highly dependent on host movements as well as the timing of separation from the hosts. optimal detachment behaviour is all the more crucial in nidicolous ticks as the risk of detaching in non-suitable habitat is high. in this study, we experimentally investigated the detachment behaviour of ixodes arboricola, a nidicolous tick that primarily infests birds roosting in tree-holes. we infested great tits with i. arbo ... | 2012 | 22067275 |
| spatial disaggregation of tick occurrence and ecology at a local scale as a preliminary step for spatial surveillance of tick-borne diseases: general framework and health implications in belgium. | the incidence of tick-borne diseases is increasing in europe. sub national information on tick distribution, ecology and vector status is often lacking. however, precise location of infection risk can lead to better targeted prevention measures, surveillance and control. | 2013 | 23800283 |
| nestling development and the timing of tick attachments. | parasites exposed to fast-developing hosts experience a variety of conditions over a short time period. only few studies in vertebrate-ectoparasite systems have integrated the timing of ectoparasite infestations in the host's development into the search for factors explaining ectoparasite burden. in this study we examined the temporal pattern of attachment in a nidicolous tick (ixodes arboricola) throughout the development of a songbird (parus major). in the first experiment, we exposed bird clu ... | 2012 | 22216982 |
| mating strategies and multiple paternity, assessed by microsatellites, of the dispersal-limited, ectoparasitic tree-hole tick, ixodes arboricola. | multiple mating is common among ticks, a large group of haematophagous ectoparasites, but multiple paternity has rarely been investigated. multiple paternity may be common because the resultant increased genetic diversity allows ticks to rapidly evolve in relation to host responses and increases colonisation potential in novel habitats. knowledge concerning mating systems is important because ticks may have profound effects on their hosts and are the principal transmitters of many pathogenic age ... | 2016 | 27288306 |
| first record of ixodes arboricola (ixodida: ixodidae) from turkey with presence of candidatus rickettsia vini (rickettsiales: rickettsiaceae). | birds are the specific hosts of many tick species and may contribute to the dissemination of ticks and tick-borne pathogens throughout the world. determination of ticks infesting birds and their pathogens are important for the detection of natural foci of human pathogens. unfortunately, there is very limited information about the occurrence of ticks on birds and associated pathogens in turkey. we performed a tick survey on three passerine bird species; parus major, sylvia atricapilla, and turdus ... | 2014 | 25118420 |
| the more the merrier--experimental evidence for density-dependent feeding facilitation in the bird-specialised tick ixodes arboricola. | similar to many other parasites, the distribution of ticks among hosts is strongly skewed, with few hosts harbouring the majority of parasites. because parasite-induced impairment of host health, parasite population growth and pathogen transmission are density-dependent, understanding why tick distributions are skewed is important for the population and evolutionary dynamics of both parasite and host. however, there is currently no knowledge concerning parasites that strongly depend on individua ... | 2016 | 26709107 |
| seasonal feeding activity of the tree-hole tick, ixodes arboricola. | bird-specific ticks do not infest humans and livestock, but these ticks often share their avian hosts with generalist ticks that do. therefore, their feeding activity may have an impact on the transmission of pathogens outside bird-tick transmission cycles. here we examined the seasonal feeding activity of the tree-hole tick (ixodes arboricola) in relation to the activity of its hole-breeding hosts (parus major and cyanistes caeruleus). we analysed data on ticks derived from birds, on the abunda ... | 2014 | 24655546 |
| host specificity of a bird-specialised endophilic ectoparasite, the tree-hole tick ixodes arboricola. | host specialisation in parasites can be due to either limited exposure or limited adaptation to different host types. when the first barrier is lifted experimentally, the degree of adaptive specialisation can be studied. the tree-hole tick ixodes arboricola is an endophilic parasite with a narrow host range, found in nest boxes used mainly by great and blue tits (parus major, cyanistes caeruleus) and to a lesser extent by pied flycatchers (ficedula hypoleuca) and nuthatches (sitta europaea). in ... | 2014 | 25231076 |
| [a new species of the italian tick fauna. ii. ixodes arboricola schulze and schlottke, 1929]. | the bird-tick ixodes (pholeoxiodes) arboricola schulze and schlottke, 1929, is reported for the first time in italy with larvae and nymphs parasitizing passer domesticus italiae (vieillot) and phoenicurus ph. phoenicurus l. variation, natural bird hosts and presumed distribution also in italian alps and apennines are discussed. | 1991 | 1844509 |
| isolated populations of ixodes lividus ticks in the czech republic and belgium host genetically homogeneous rickettsia vini. | in the last two decades, the advent of molecular methods has revealed a remarkable diversity of rickettsiae (rickettsiales: rickettsiaceae) in invertebrates. several species of these obligate intracellular bacteria are known to cause human infections, hence more attention has been directed towards human-biting ectoparasites. a spotted fever group rickettsia sp. was previously detected in ixodes lividus ticks (ixodidae) associated with sand martins (hirundinidae: riparia riparia). in order to ide ... | 2018 | 29373306 |