| the isolation and identification of potchefstroom virus: a new member of the equine encephalosis group of orbiviruses. | virus was isolated from the blood of horses (n = 5) showing fever and jaundice and was identified as equine encephalosis virus. in cross neutralisation tests, the isolates were shown to belong to a new serotype related to gamil, one of the 6 known serotypes of equine encephalosis virus. the name potchefstroom has been proposed for this new serotype. | 1993 | 8176687 |
| the classification of seven serotypes of equine encephalosis virus and the prevalence of homologous antibody in horses in south africa. | selected isolates of equine encephalosis virus were shown to have comparable viral protein profiles and to represent seven distinct serotypes, based on cross-neutralization tests. serotype-specific virus-neutralizing antibody in serum samples from horses confirmed the widespread occurrence of infection. the distribution and prevalence of individual serotypes however, varied considerably. localised foci with an increased seasonal seroconversion in groups of horses to a specific serotype and the d ... | 2002 | 12092781 |
| vector competence of culicoides species and the seroprevalence of homologous neutralizing antibody in horses for six serotypes of equine encephalosis virus (eev) in south africa. | field-collected culicoides species (diptera: ceratopogonidae) were fed on horse blood-virus mixtures containing one of the six serotypes of equine encephalosis virus (eev1 to eev6). the virus mean titres in the bloodmeals varied between 6.1 and 7.0 log10tcid50/ml. of 19 culicoides species assayed after 10 days extrinsic incubation at 23.5 degrees c, five yielded the challenge virus, namely culicoides (avaritia) imicola kieffer (eev1-6), c. (a.) bolitinos meiswinkel (eev1, 2, 4, 6), c. (meijerehe ... | 2004 | 15642007 |
| re-emergence of bluetongue, african horse sickness, and other orbivirus diseases. | arthropod-transmitted viruses (arboviruses) are important causes of disease in humans and animals, and it is proposed that climate change will increase the distribution and severity of arboviral diseases. orbiviruses are the cause of important and apparently emerging arboviral diseases of livestock, including bluetongue virus (btv), african horse sickness virus (ahsv), equine encephalosis virus (eev), and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) that are all transmitted by haematophagous culic ... | 2010 | 20167199 |
| a competitive elisa for the detection of group-specific antibody to equine encephalosis virus. | a polyclonal antibody-based, group-specific, competitive elisa (c-elisa) for the detection of antibodies to equine encephalosis virus (eev) was developed. the assay measures the competition between a specific guinea pig antiserum and a test serum, for a pre-titrated eev antigen. the c-elisa detected antibodies to the seven known eev serotypes. reference antisera raised against other arboviruses did not cross react with eev antigen. negative sera from horses in the united kingdom were used to est ... | 2011 | 21458496 |
| serotype specific primers and gel-based rt-pcr assays for 'typing' african horse sickness virus: identification of strains from africa. | african horse sickness is a devastating, transboundary animal disease, that is 'listed' by the office international des epizooties (oie). although attenuated, inactivated and subunit vaccines have been developed for african horse sickness virus (ahsv), these are serotype-specific and their effective deployment therefore relies on rapid and reliable identification of virus type. ahsv serotype is controlled by the specificity of interactions between neutralising antibodies, and components of the o ... | 2011 | 22028787 |
| Equine encephalosis virus: evidence for circulation beyond southern Africa. | SUMMARYPrior to the recent outbreak of equine encephalosis in Israel in 2009, equine encephalosis virus (EEV) had only been isolated from equids in South Africa. In this study we show the first evidence for the circulation of EEV beyond South Africa in Ethiopia, Ghana and The Gambia, indicating that EEV is likely to be freely circulating and endemic in East and West Africa. Sequence analysis revealed that the EEV isolate circulating in The Gambia was closely related to an EEV isolate that was is ... | 2011 | 22166372 |
| host and viral traits predict zoonotic spillover from mammals. | the majority of human emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic, with viruses that originate in wild mammals of particular concern (for example, hiv, ebola and sars). understanding patterns of viral diversity in wildlife and determinants of successful cross-species transmission, or spillover, are therefore key goals for pandemic surveillance programs. however, few analytical tools exist to identify which host species are likely to harbour the next human virus, or which viruses can cross species ... | 2017 | 28636590 |
| variation in the ns3 gene and protein in south african isolates of bluetongue and equine encephalosis viruses. | bluetongue virus (btv) and equine encephalosis virus (eev) are agriculturally important orbiviruses transmitted by biting midges of the genus culicoides. the smallest viral genome segment, s10, encodes two small nonstructural proteins, ns3 and ns3a, which mediate the release of virus particles from infected cells and may subsequently influence the natural dispersion of these viruses. the ns3 gene and protein sequences of south african isolates of these viruses were determined, analysed and compa ... | 2003 | 12604809 |
| the characterization of equine encephalosis virus and the development of genomic probes. | equine encephalosis virus (eev) is an orbivirus associated with a peracute illness of horses in southern africa. the virus has now been partially purified for the first time and characterized on a molecular level. the virion is composed of 10 dsrna segments and a protein capsid consisting of at least seven structural proteins that vary in mr from 36,000 to 120,000. partial clones of six of the dsrna segments of eev serotype cascara were obtained and analysed for possible use as serotype-specific ... | 1989 | 2549180 |