| effect of diethylcarbamazine citrate on fourth stage and adult brugia malayi in cats. | sixty-three experimental and 58 control cats were infected with brugia malayi so that the developing and adult worms localized in the regional lymphatics of the hind legs. at 20 days after infection when brugia were in the 4th larval stage, and at 8 weeks when worms were young adults, cats were divided into groups to test the efficacy of diethylcarbamazine citrate (dec) at various dosage levels. at 100 mg total dec/kg no 4th-stage larvae were seen in 5 cats compared with a mean of 20.4 living la ... | 1979 | 453446 |
| the exsheathment of brugia pahangi microfilariae under controlled conditions in vitro. | two reproducible techniques for the exsheathment in vitro of microfilariae of brugia pahangi, and other sheathed microfilariae, are described. microfilariae were isolated from infected cat blood by filtration and suspended in hank's balanced salt solution. the first technique involved the incubation of isolated microfilariae for one hour in 20 mm cacl2 in a phosphate-free balanced salt solution, during which time approximately 90% of the microfilariae lost their sheaths. the second method of exs ... | 1979 | 573989 |
| transovarially-transmitted intracellular microorganisms in adult and larval stages of brugia malayi. | observation of intracellular organisms in the lateral chords of brugia malayi adults initiated further studies to determine the prevalence of these organisms within the tissues of adult worms and of larvae. the organisms were found in the lateral chords of adult males and females, microfilariae, first-, second-, third-, and fourth-stage larvae. in the females, they were present in the oogonia, oocytes, and developing eggs, suggesting transovarial transmission within the life cycle of the filarid ... | 1977 | 592054 |
| lymphatic patterns of cats infected with brugia malayi and streptococcus. | approximately 50% of the hind legs of cats infected with brugia malayi and insulted with a beta haemolytic streptococcus became elephantoid in appearance after four to six weeks. this condition was found to be reversible. collateral lymphatic vessels were seen by lymphography in most of the brugia-streptococcus-infected legs. the popliteal draining systems in two of three cats, which harboured no worms, appeared normal by lymphography at 18 weeks. | 1977 | 860309 |
| the combined effect of a cutaneo-lymphatic fungus, sporothrix schenckii and a lymphatic-dwelling nematode, brugia malayi. | domestic cats were infected with third-stage brugia malayi in such a way that the parasites were restricted to the regional lymphatics of one hind limb. later, these cats were exposed on the same leg to the yeast phase of sporothrix schenckii. edema and fibrosis were more extensive in cats infected with both brugia and sporothrix than in cats with either of these organisms alone. lesions tended to appear earlier, more consistently and progressed more rapidly in cats with dual infections than in ... | 1977 | 883012 |
| distribution and development of brugia malayi in reinfected cats. | at various time periods after an initial exposure to 50 brugia malayi larvae on one hind foot cats were reexposed to an additional 50 larvae in one of 3 ways: on the previously infected limb only, on the contralateral, uninfected limb only, or on both hind limbs simultaneously. at the time of reexposure uninfected controls were exposed to 50 larvae on one hind foot in a similar manner. from 2 to 4 weeks after reexposure to larvae, the cats were necropsied and the appropriate lymph nodes and vess ... | 1975 | 1165544 |
| field and laboratory observations on coquillettidia crassipes in relation to transmission of brugia malayi in peninsular malaysia. | field observations were made on coquillettidia crassipes during a study of mansonia in a swamp forest ecotype in tanjong karang. there was an increase in abundance in july consistent with the increase in abundance of mansonia and an increase in rainfall. the biting cycle showed a dramatic early peak during the period 1900-2000 hours. the probability of daily survival through one day for the first three gonotrophic cycles was 0.770, 0.722 and 0.759. two of the 54 cq. crassipes dissected were infe ... | 1986 | 2873797 |
| edema resulting from experimental filariasis. | domestic cats and patas monkeys were infected with brugia malayi so that the worms localized in the regional lymphatics of the hind legs. reaction to the filarial parasites resulted in visible local edema in cats and disruption of normal lymph flow in the monkeys. edematous tissue was examined grossly and by light and electron microscopy. lymph flow patterns were examined by direct observation following injection of lymph staining dye and reflection of the skin, by x-ray following injection of r ... | 1988 | 3236902 |
| scanning electron microscopic study of third-stage larva of wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi in thailand. | | 1987 | 3313744 |
| evolution of lymph thrombi in experimental brugia malayi infections: a scanning electron microscopic study. | lymph thrombi in cats experimentally-infected with brugia malayi were examined by scanning electron microscopy. a variety of morphological forms were noted and it appeared that thrombi undergo a maturation process characterized by at least three transitional phases. initially, the thrombus consists of erythrocytes encased in fibrin (phase i). phase ii thrombi are characterized by the appearance of phagocytic cells and fibroblasts on the surface of the thrombus. at the end of the maturation proce ... | 1986 | 3561034 |
| antifilarial activity of levamisole hydrochloride against subperiodic brugia malayi infection of domestic cats. | | 1974 | 4522905 |
| the behaviour of brugia malayi microfilariae in experimentally infected domestic cats. | | 1972 | 5038248 |
| lymphographic changes in regional lymphatics of cats infected with brugia malayi. | | 1972 | 5050091 |
| inoculation of infective larvae of sub-periodic brugia malayi into domestic cats by various routes. | | 1971 | 5112356 |
| abnormally long microfilariae found in periodic brugia malayi infections in man and cat. | | 1971 | 5112357 |
| a trial on the transmission of periodic brugia malayi from man to cats. | | 1971 | 5112360 |
| rapid recovery of brugia malayi larvae following experimental infection of cats. | | 1971 | 5559751 |
| studies on malayan filariasis in bengkulu (sumatera), indonesia with special reference to vector confirmation. | in an endemic focus of brugia malayi in bengkulu, indonesia the microfilariae rate was 25%. the microfilariae showed nocturnal periodicity. domestic cats in the same area were found to harbour b. pahangi, with a microfilariae rate of 23%. in the study area, the most prevalent man-biting mansonia mosquitoes were mn.bonneae (41%), followed by mn.annulata (27%), mn.uniformis (25%) and mn.dives (7%). more mansonia mosquitoes were collected outdoors than indoors between 1800-2200 hours. natural infec ... | 1981 | 6114567 |
| effect of diethylcarbamazine citrate on brugia malayi infections in cats following daily, weekly, or monthly administration. | cats with patent infections of brugia malayi were treated by intraperitoneal injection of diethylcarbamazine citrate (dec) for 6 consecutive days, weekly for 6 consecutive weeks or monthly for 3 months. each cat received a total of 100 mg dec per kg. at necropsy 7 months after infection, no living worms were recovered from any of eight cats treated weekly and only one of nine cats treated daily had a single living brugia. five of nine cats treated monthly and six of eight untreated controls had ... | 1983 | 6404189 |
| indian cat (felis indica) as a host to subperiodic malaysian strain of human brugia malayi. | | 1983 | 6630983 |
| blood parasites of wild and domestic animals from south kalimantan (borneo), indonesia. | wild and domestic animals trapped from forests, villages, and rice fields in south kalimantan (3 degrees 20' s, 115 degrees 02' e, 25 m) were examined for blood parasites using giemsa stained thick and thin blood films and nuclepore filter preparations of peripheral vein and heart puncture blood. presbytis cristatus (silvered leaf monkey) (25%) and felis catus (domestic cat) (7%) were infected with brugia malayi and b. pahangi. in addition, p. cristatus was infected with wuchereria kalimantani ( ... | 1981 | 6789456 |
| studies on the liverpool and malaysian strans of aedes (finlaya) togoi. | comparative studies of vector efficiency were done with the liverpool and malaysian strains of aedes (finlaya) togoi for subperiodic brugia malayi and brugia pahangi. the malaysian strain of a. togoi was found to take in fewer microfilariae under the same experimental conditions than the liverpool strain. also, for various microfilarial densities in the host's peripheral blood, the malaysian strain had less mean infective larvae per fed mosquito than the liverpool strain. the microfilarial intak ... | 1980 | 7221700 |
| current status of filariasis in malaysia. | the filariasis control program was established more than 30 years ago in the country and the disease is still a public health problem in some states. since 1983, a total of 17 filariasis control teams were formed throughout the country to carry out filariasis control work. the teams conduct house and population censuses, nocturnal mass blood surveys and treatment of microscopically confirmed cases. individual case follow-up is being carried out after 3-5 months while the locality is resurveyed a ... | 1993 | 7973937 |
| detection of circulating antigens and parasite specific antibodies in filariasis. | in peninsular malaysia, only wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi are reported to cause human filariasis. brugia pahangi infects many of the same animal hosts as the zoonotically transmitted subperiodic b. malayi. there is a well-recognized need for improved diagnostic techniques for lymphatic filariasis. parasite antigen detection is a promising new approach, and it will probably prove to be more sensitive and specific than clinical, microscopic and antibody-based serological methods. we rece ... | 1993 | 7973943 |
| recent advances in the application of molecular biology in filariasis. | monitoring of filarial parasites in the host and vector has traditionally depended on morphological identification. recently, species-specific dna probes have been developed for brugia malayi, brugia pahangi and wuchereria bancrofti. repeated dna sequences are useful in developing dna probes because they evolve more rapidly then coding sequences and their high copy number increases the sensitivity of detection. the hhal repeated dna family represents 12% of the total b. malayi dna. this dna fami ... | 1993 | 7973949 |
| pcr based method for identification of zoonostic brugia malayi microfilariae in domestic cats. | the survey of 326 human blood samples in the endemic area of surat thani and narathiwat, the provinces in the south of thailand, revealed that 5 of them were infected with brugia malayi. similarly, 53 feline blood samples were also investigated and found that 15 of the domestic cats were also infected with b. malayi. upon the examination of human and feline blood specimens, a pair of human and domestic cat stayed in the same house and region. the periodicities of human b. malayi and feline b. ma ... | 2002 | 12030763 |
| studies on filariasis in malaya: the effect of diethylcarbamazine on brugia malayi and b. pahangi in domestic cats. | | 1959 | 13819289 |
| susceptibility of mansonia uniformis to brugia malayi microfilariae from infected domestic cat. | microfilariae of brugia malayi is transmitted to man and other susceptible hosts via mosquito. the transmission of b. malayi from cat to man by ma. uniformis bite has never been reported. the ma. uniformis mosquito is the normal vector for wuchereria bancrofti but has never been reported as a vector for b. malayi, or a susceptible host for the growth and development of the microfilariae of b. malayi. the purpose of this study was to examine the development of b. malayi in mansonia uniformis afte ... | 2005 | 15916051 |
| detection of filarial parasites in domestic cats by pcr-rflp of its1. | lymphatic filariasis has been targeted by the world health organization (who) to be eliminated by the year 2020. in addition to chemotherapy and vector control, the control of reservoir hosts is necessary for the control program to succeed. malayan filariasis, caused by brugia malayi, is endemic in the south of thailand where domestic cats serve as the major reservoir host. however, in nature, domestic cats also carry b. pahangi, dirofilaria immitis and d. repens infections and it is difficult t ... | 2006 | 16713099 |
| bionomics studies of mansonia mosquitoes inhabiting the peat swamp forest. | the present study was conducted in the years 2000-2002 to determine the bionomics of mansonia mosquitoes, vectors of nocturnally subperiodic brugia malayi, inhabiting the peat swamp forest, "phru toh daeng", narathiwat province, thailand. fifty-four species of mosquitoes belonging to 12 genera were added, for the first time, to the list of animal fauna in the peat swamp forest. mansonia mosquitoes were the most abundant (60-70%) by all collection methods and occurred throughout the year with a h ... | 2006 | 17124985 |
| pharmacokinetics of ivermectin in cats receiving a single subcutaneous dose. | ivermectin is effective against ecto- and endoparasites. it is included in a plan of the filariasis division, thailand for filariasis control and prevention by interrupting transmission of brugia malayi-microfilariae from cat reservoirs to humans via mosquitoes. the pharmacokinetics of ivermectin in eight healthy cats receiving a single subcutaneous dose of 0.2mg/kg was investigated. jugular blood samples were collected periodically for up to 30days after dosing. the serum ivermectin concentrati ... | 2009 | 18835001 |
| differentiation of brugia malayi and brugia pahangi by pcr-rflp of its1 and its2. | lymphatic filariasis has been targeted by the world health organization for elimination by the year 2020. malayan filariasis, caused by brugia malayi, is endemic in southern thailand where domestic cats serve as a major reservoir host. however, in nature, domestic cats also carry b. pahangi infection. in addition to chemotherapy and vector control, control in reservoir hosts is necessary to achieve the elimination of the disease. therefore, differentiation between b. malayi and b. pahangi in the ... | 2003 | 19230574 |
| molecular genetics analysis for co-infection of brugia malayi and brugia pahangi in cat reservoirs based on internal transcribed spacer region 1. | this study described the diagnosis of a mixed infection of brugia malayi and brugia pahangi in a single domestic cat using the internal transcribed spacer 1 (its1) region. following polymerase chain reaction amplification of the its1 region, the 580 bp amplicon was cloned, and 29 white colonies were randomly selected for dna sequencing and phylogenetic tree construction. a dna parsimony tree generated two groups of brugia spp with one group containing 6 clones corresponding to b. pahangi and the ... | 2009 | 19323030 |
| detection of human filarial parasite brugia malayi in dogs by histochemical staining and molecular techniques. | human filariasis caused by brugia malayi is still a public health problem in many countries of asia including india, indonesia, malaysia and thailand. the world health organization (who) has targeted to eliminate filariasis by the year 2020 by mass annual single dose diethylcarbamazine administration (mda). results of the mda programme after the first phase was less satisfactory than expected. malayan filariasis caused by b. malayi is endemic in the south of thailand where domestic cat serves as ... | 2011 | 21620569 |
| a high resolution melting real time pcr for mapping of filaria infection in domestic cats living in brugian filariosis-endemic areas. | we present here a real time pcr with high resolution melting (hrm) analysis for determining the prevalence and distribution of filarial species in domestic cats residing in brugian filariosis endemic areas of narathiwat province, thailand. filarial species can be clearly distinguished in a single well using a single pair of primers. blood samples were taken from a total of 2039 domestic cats living in endemic areas. microfilariae were detected in 5.7% of the sample, while the overall prevalence ... | 2014 | 24462253 |
| rapid detection and identification of brugia malayi, b. pahangi, and dirofilaria immitis by high-resolution melting assay. | human lymphatic filariasis is caused by filarial worms such as brugia malayi for which the major reservoir is domestic cats. however, domestic cats or dogs also carry nonhuman filaria such as brugia pahangi and dirofilaria immitis. we have developed a single-tube, real-time pcr with a high-resolution melting (hrm) analysis assay for detection and identification of b. malayi, b. pahangi, and d. immitis in blood samples. the designated primer pair in the pcr can amplify a 114-bp region of mitochon ... | 2013 | 23199268 |
| a case report of brugian filariasis outside an endemic area in thailand. | a 2-year-old boy living outside the endemic area of lymphatic filariasis in surat thani province, thailand, developed a high fever. to investigate the cause of his presenting symptoms, blood was collected and microfilariae were detected and identified as brugia malayi using thick blood smear staining. the sources of the infection were investigated. microfilariae from two domestic cats residing in the boy's village were detected and identified as b. pahangi using a high-resolution melting real-ti ... | 2013 | 23067513 |