| mosquito, bird and human surveillance of west nile and usutu viruses in emilia-romagna region (italy) in 2010. | in 2008, after the first west nile virus (wnv) detection in the emilia-romagna region, a surveillance system, including mosquito- and bird-based surveillance, was established to evaluate the virus presence. surveillance was improved in following years by extending the monitoring to larger areas and increasing the numbers of mosquitoes and birds tested. | 2012 | 22666446 |
| usutu virus, italy, 1996. | retrospective analysis of archived tissue samples from bird deaths in the tuscany region of italy in 1996 identified usutu virus. partial sequencing confirmed identity with the 2001 vienna strain and provided evidence for a much earlier introduction of this virus into europe than previously assumed. | 0 | 23347844 |
| lack of identification of flaviviruses in oral and cloacal swabs from long- and short-distance migratory birds in trentino-alto adige (north-eastern italy). | west nile virus (wnv) and usutu virus (usuv), both belonging to the genus flavivirus, are emerging in italy as important human and animal pathogens. migratory birds are involved in the spread of flaviviruses over long distances, particularly from africa to europe. once introduced, these viruses can be further be dispersed by short-distance migratory and resident bird species. thus far, there is still a considerable knowledge gap on the role played by different bird species in the ecology and tra ... | 2013 | 24119320 |
| usutu virus persistence and west nile virus inactivity in the emilia-romagna region (italy) in 2011. | the circulation of west nile virus and usutu virus was detected in the emilia-romagna region in 2008 and 2009. to evaluate the extent of circulation of both viruses, environmental surveillance, based on bird and mosquito testing, was conducted in 2008 and gradually improved over the years. | 2013 | 23667694 |