| pediatric aids: prevention of hiv infection in infants and children. | the centers for disease control reported that 109,167 cases of aids had been diagnosed since 1981 and that approximately 40,000 persons were living with aids at the time of this writing. these numbers, however, are the tip of an iceberg that consists of approximately 1.5 million americans who are infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). as we described in earlier articles of this series, the hiv infection/aids epidemic has invaded the domain of the american family through heterosexual ... | 1990 | 2408177 |
| human immunodeficiency virus infections among civilian applicants for united states military service, october 1985 to march 1986. demographic factors associated with seropositivity. | during the six months from october 1985 through march 1986, blood samples from 306,061 civilian applicants for military service from the united states were tested for antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). four hundred sixty subjects were positive for the antibody as determined by western (immune) blot reactivity. the mean prevalence of hiv infection in this population of teenagers and young adults was thus 1.50 per 1000. according to multivariate analysis, the following demographic ... | 1987 | 3474519 |
| prevalence of hiv seropositivity among inner-city adolescents in 1988 and 1992. | the purpose of this study was to document the change in prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection among sexually active minority teens at a primary and reproductive teen health clinic. both new and current patients were sampled in a seroprevalence study in 1988 and again in 1992. none of the 1200 adolescents sampled were seropositive for hiv in 1988. nine of the 1085 adolescents sampled were seropositive in 1992. five of these 9 teens reported heterosexual contact only as a pote ... | 1994 | 7817328 |
| risk behavior and correlates of risk for hiv infection in the dallas county household hiv survey. | the dallas county study of a proposed national household seroprevalence survey was designed to assess the feasibility of conducting a national survey and to estimate the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and hepatitis b virus infection for dallas county. risk behavior data were collected and correlated with hiv infection. | 1994 | 8179043 |
| cryptosporidiosis in houston, texas. a report of 95 cases. | cryptosporidiosis is an important cause of diarrhea. we identified 95 patients with cryptosporidiosis over a 6-year period in our county hospital system, including 9 children and 86 adults infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). risk factors included male-to-male sexual practices and hispanic race. diarrhea, weight loss, and gastrointestinal complaints were the most common symptoms at presentation. among the hiv-infected adults, 20 (23%) developed biliary tract disease. biliary inv ... | 1997 | 9100739 |
| violence and threats of violence experienced by public health field-workers. | public health workers may work with clients whose behaviors are risks for both infectious disease and violence. | 1998 | 9701079 |
| a program of acquired immune deficiency syndrome education for nurses in romania. | after the fall of the communist government in romania, many children were found to be human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infected. the majority of these children were abandoned and currently live in orphanages. the children have been cared for on a day-to-day basis by nurses with little general nursing education and even less hiv education. the romanian-american pediatric aids education and clinical research program was established at texas children's hospital and baylor college of medicine in m ... | 1999 | 10331326 |
| complex transmission dynamics of clonally related virulent mycobacterium tuberculosis associated with barhopping by predominantly human immunodeficiency virus-positive gay men. | limited data suggest that measures to reduce tuberculosis transmission should be based on locations rather than on personal contacts. molecular epidemiologic methods (analysis of is6110 patterns, spoligotypes, variable numbers of tandem dna repeats, and automated dna sequence data) identified a cohort of 48 persons who were infected with progeny of the same mycobacterium tuberculosis strain. epidemiologic investigation documented that a large proportion of the patients were gay white human immun ... | 1999 | 10479154 |
| perception of reliability of human immunodeficiency virus/aids information sources. | the sources of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)/aids information as well as the perception of reliability of information from these sources may have a significant impact on the effectiveness of hiv risk reduction messages in reaching high risk populations. we examined the sources of hiv information and the perception of reliability of information from these sources among african americans (n = 441), hispanic americans (n = 456), and whites (n = 297), in houston, texas. the data revealed that a ... | 2000 | 10918761 |
| relationships and diseases among drug users and nonusers. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and syphilis are relationship-based diseases that are typically transmitted by the cooperative activities (sex or drug injection) of two persons. a sample of 215 drug users and 52 sociodemographically matched nonusers was collected to examine the behaviors and relationships related to hiv and syphilis transmission. results showed that, although drug users had more risk opportunities (more sex partners and, of course, more injection partners) than nonusers, actu ... | 2001 | 11421249 |
| prevalence of visual symptoms among patients with newly diagnosed cytomegalovirus retinitis. | to determine the prevalence and type of visual symptoms among human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive patients with newly diagnosed cytomegalovirus (cmv) retinitis. | 2002 | 12055459 |
| factors that influence adherence to hiv medications: perceptions of women and health care providers. | the purpose of this pilot study was to explore factors that influence adherence to antiretroviral therapy (art) in women with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) disease. antiretroviral medications that reduce viral count and prolong the time between a diagnosis of hiv disease and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) are expensive, numerous, and have multiple side effects. common reasons for not adhering to the medication regimen include art side effects and a dosage schedule that disrupts d ... | 2003 | 12953613 |
| prevalence of hepatitis b and c in pregnant women who are infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of hepatitis b and hepatitis c virus co-infection among pregnant women who are infected by human immunodeficiency virus and who attend an obstetric complications prenatal clinic. | 2005 | 16157150 |
| rapid hiv versus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay screening in a low-risk mexican american population presenting in labor: a cost-effectiveness analysis. | mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus is the most common cause of pediatric human immunodeficiency virus in the united states; the centers for disease control and prevention recommendations endorse rapid human immunodeficiency virus testing for women with unknown viral status to quicken antiretroviral therapy. we compared the cost-effectiveness of oraquick (orasure technologies, bethlehem, pa) rapid testing versus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay testing for a low-risk po ... | 2005 | 16157152 |
| guide for herbal product use by mexican americans in the largest texas-mexico border community. | use of herbal products is a very common practice among mexican americans living in the el paso, texas, region. although medicinal plants are generally assumed to be a safe and natural alternative to conventional medications, some herbal products could pose a potential health risk to the consumer. currently, only a few studies focus on herbal product use by mexican americans, and no studies have focused on its use by patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hn) living on the us-mexico border. ... | 2006 | 17128764 |
| cross-sectional assessment reveals high diabetes prevalence among newly-diagnosed tuberculosis cases. | to estimate the contribution of clinically-confirmed diabetes mellitus to tuberculosis (tb) rates in communities where both diseases are prevalent as a way to identify opportunities for tb prevention among diabetic patients. | 2011 | 21556303 |