| pulmonary tuberculosis in guinea-bissau: clinical and bacteriological findings, human immunodeficiency virus status and short term survival of hospitalized patients. | to study tuberculosis patients in guinea-bissau with regard to clinical findings, bacteriologically verified diagnosis, human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) status and short term survival. | 1996 | 8758105 |
| a community-based study of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 provirus load in rural village in west africa. | a community-based study of provirus load in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 2-infected subjects was done in a rural village in guinea-bissau. hiv-2 provirus load varied considerably, with a geometric mean of 124.3 (95% confidence interval, 86.0-179.6) copies/10(5) cd4 cells, which is a level similar to that found in hiv-1 infection. neither malaria parasitemia, active syphilis, or human t cell leukemia virus coinfection significantly influenced provirus load, nor did age. eleven of 104 h ... | 1996 | 8537668 |
| nucleotide sequence of a guinea-bissau-derived human immunodeficiency virus type 2 proviral clone (hiv-2cam2). | we report the complete nucleotide sequence of a human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) isolate from guinea-bissau (hiv-2cam2). the genomic organization of hiv-2cam2 is identical to that of other hiv-2 isolates but contains a stop codon in the pol gene. the deduced amino acid sequences of the viral proteins show variation of 20% in the gag, pol and vpx regions, and 25 to 45% in the tat, env and nef regions when compared to other isolates of hiv-2. this is greater than the variation observed ... | 1991 | 2005437 |
| low level viremia and high cd4% predict normal survival in a cohort of hiv type-2-infected villagers. | a community-based study of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) infection was conducted in a rural village in northern guinea bissau, west africa to assess the relationship between plasma hiv-2 rna levels, cd4 lymphocyte percentage, and survival over an 8-year period. the cohort of 133 hiv-2-infected individuals and 160 hiv-uninfected controls enrolled in 1991 were followed up at home until 1998. thirty-one (23%) hiv-2-infected and 24 (16%) hiv-uninfected individuals died over the follow- ... | 2002 | 12487822 |
| genetic characterization of hiv type 1 and type 2 from bissau, guinea-bissau (west africa). | previous studies from guinea-bissau (west africa) have demonstrated a unique epidemiology with respect to both hiv-1 and hiv-2 infection. in order to evaluate the prevalence and dynamics of hiv-1 and hiv-2 subtypes in bissau, the capital city of guinea-bissau, a cross-sectional study was set up using serological and molecular techniques. plasma samples from 103 individuals were screened for hiv-1 and hiv-2 antibodies by elisa and western-blot. seropositive results were confirmed by pcr amplifica ... | 2000 | 10930662 |
| molecular characterization of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-1 and -2 in individuals from guinea-bissau with single or dual infections: predominance of a distinct hiv-1 subtype a/g recombinant in west africa. | guinea-bissau in west africa has the highest prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-2 infection in the world, but recently the hiv-1 prevalence increased rapidly with the subsequent appearance of hiv-1 and hiv-2 dual infections. information about the genetic subtypes of hiv in the region is limited. therefore, we characterized the env v3 region of hiv-1 and hiv-2 variants through direct dna sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples from 18 individuals with hiv-1 only and ... | 1999 | 10502510 |
| plasma viral load in hiv-1 and hiv-2 singly and dually infected individuals in guinea-bissau, west africa: significantly lower plasma virus set point in hiv-2 infection than in hiv-1 infection. | the intriguing differences in the natural course, transmissibility, and epidemiological characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and hiv-2 are still insufficiently explained. differences in plasma viral load are an obvious possibility, but this has been difficult to investigate because of the lack of tests for hiv-2 rna. | 2000 | 11088091 |
| clinical progression in early and late stages of disease in a cohort of individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus-2 in guinea-bissau. | the aim of this study was to assess the rate of clinical progression to early and late stages of human immunodeficiency virus-2 (hiv-2) infection. cd4 cell counts and other potential prognostic markers for disease progression were also evaluated. in january 1990 an open prospective cohort of police officers in guinea-bissau was initiated with yearly serological and clinical follow-up. follow-up ended in june 1998. symptoms were classified according to the world health organization staging system ... | 2003 | 12839157 |
| neurological morbidity among human t-lymphotropic-virus-type-1-infected individuals in a rural west african population. | community-based neurological data about human t lymphotropic virus type 1 (htlv-1) morbidity in sub-saharan africa are scarce. | 2009 | 18977823 |
| decline in human t-cell lymphotropic virus-1 prevalence in urban areas of bissau, guinea-bissau: exploring the association with hiv infections. | in 2006, a cross-sectional survey of 384 randomly selected houses within a community-based follow-up study was conducted to assess the human t-cell lymphotropic virus (htlv) prevalence in bissau. changes in prevalence and incidence rates were assessed based on a similar survey carried out 10 years earlier. the prevalence of htlv-1 declined significantly from 3.5% in 1996 to 2.3% in 2006. the incidence between 1996 and 2006 was only 0.9/1000 person-years and tended to be higher for women than for ... | 2009 | 19242315 |
| frequent cxcr4 tropism of hiv-1 subtype a and crf02_ag during late-stage disease--indication of an evolving epidemic in west africa. | hiv-1 is one of the fastest evolving pathogens, and is distinguished by geographic and genetic variants that have been classified into different subtypes and circulating recombinant forms (crfs). early in infection the primary coreceptor is ccr5, but during disease course cxcr4-using hiv-1 populations may emerge. this has been correlated with accelerated disease progression in hiv-1 subtype b. basic knowledge of hiv-1 coreceptor tropism is important due to the recent introduction of coreceptor a ... | 2010 | 20307309 |
| enhanced tuberculosis identification through 1-month follow-up of smear-negative tuberculosis suspects. | bandim health project, bissau, guinea-bissau. | 2011 | 21396203 |
| neurologic manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus-2: dementia, myelopathy, and neuropathy in west africa. | while well documented in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-1, neurologic sequelae have not been systematically evaluated in hiv-2. after excluding for confounding comorbidities, 67 individuals from a rural cohort in guinea-bissau (22 hiv-2 participants, 45 seronegative controls) were evaluated. hiv?+?individuals were divided into cd4?<?350 and cd4?=?350 for analysis. hiv-associated neurocognitive disorders (hand), assessed by the international hiv dementia scale (ihds), distal sensory polyneuro ... | 2011 | 21424866 |
| potent intratype neutralizing activity distinguishes human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) from hiv-1. | hiv-2 has a lower pathogenicity and transmission rate than hiv-1. neutralizing antibodies could be contributing to these observations. here we explored side by side the potency and breadth of intratype and intertype neutralizing activity (nac) in plasma of 20 hiv-1-, 20 hiv-2-, and 11 dually hiv-1/2 (hiv-d)-seropositive individuals from guinea-bissau, west africa. panels of primary isolates, five hiv-1 and five hiv-2 isolates, were tested in a plaque reduction assay using u87.cd4-ccr5 cells as t ... | 2012 | 22072782 |