| review of human immunodeficiency virus infection in women in the united states. | in this review, available human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) seroprevalence data are presented for united states women attending clinics related to reproductive health and for women in other settings. at family planning clinics, prenatal clinics, and in delivery room settings (cord blood testing), studies that have not targeted women at high risk for hiv infection have shown prevalence rates ranging from 0-4.3%. higher rates (greater than 1%) have been observed in more urban areas--newark, new y ... | 1989 | 2682415 |
| seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus among childbearing women. estimation by testing samples of blood from newborns. | attempts to predict the course of the epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) have been hampered by the lack of an objective, practical way to estimate the prevalence of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in the general population. testing for the prevalence of hiv infection in women should be a sensitive means to track the epidemic and to study the potential for perinatal transmission. antibodies in maternal blood are contained in neonatal blood specimens routin ... | 1988 | 3277055 |
| cocaine use and risky injection and sexual behaviors. | the association between cocaine use (crack and injection cocaine) and risky behaviors for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection was investigated among participants in a multi-site study at drug treatment and non-drug treatment sites in worcester, massachusetts. cocaine use was more prevalent among young, african-american men. compared to heroin injectors cocaine injectors had higher risk injection and sexual behaviors. among non-injectors, crack users were more likely to have multiple par ... | 1995 | 7882875 |
| initial assessment of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus: the yield and cost of laboratory testing. | our objective was to determine the yield and cost of standardized laboratory testing of hiv-infected patients entering medical care after testing positive for hiv. an hiv staging and referral clinic in a municipal public hospital was our site for a cross-sectional study, and 308 patients were evaluated in the clinic between february 1, 1990 and october 1, 1991. patients underwent standardized laboratory testing, including hematologic studies, serum chemistries, infectious disease serologies, and ... | 1994 | 7932080 |
| epidemiology of skin disease in hiv infection: a cohort study of health maintenance organization members. | the medical literature suggests that persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) have an increased risk of many common and uncommon cutaneous diseases. further, it has been suggested that in hiv-infected people these conditions may be more persistent and they may be more prone to developing adverse cutaneous reactions to drugs. we have identified a cohort of 684 hiv-infected persons who were members of a large massachusetts health maintenance organization. based on review of hospita ... | 1994 | 8006432 |
| computer interview for screening blood donors for risk of hiv transmission. | to test the ability of a computer-based interview to detect factors related to the risk of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) among potential blood donors, and to determine donor reactions to the use of the computer, we compared the rate of detection of hiv-related factors elicited by the computer interview with the rate elicited by standard american red cross procedures (written questionnaires and face-to-face interviews) for assessment of donor suitability. the study was performed at a red ... | 1994 | 8145632 |
| health values of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. relationship to mental health and physical functioning. | to assess the health values of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and examine the relationships between their health values and health status at two points in time, the authors sought to determine whether patients' physical and mental health statuses were good predictors of how they valued their current state of health. one hundred thirty-nine patients with various stages of hiv infection were interviewed in a prospective cohort study based in a primary care practice of a ... | 1996 | 8551811 |
| performance of massachusetts hmos in providing pap smear and sexually transmitted disease screening to adolescent females. | to describe the extent to which health maintenance organizations (hmos) provide preventive health services to female adolescent enrollees. | 1998 | 9502004 |
| patterns of use, expenditures, and perceived efficacy of complementary and alternative therapies in hiv-infected patients. | complementary and alternative medicine (cam) use is common in the general population, accounting for substantial expenditures. among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, few data are available on the prevalence, costs, and patterns of alternative therapy use. | 1998 | 9818806 |
| medical outcomes trust conference presents dramatic advances in patient-based outcomes assessment and potential applications in accreditation. | background: at its fourth annual state-of-the-art health outcomes conference, november 2, 1998, the medical outcomes trust (boston) convened experts to review advances in outcomes assessment technology and potential applications in clinical trials, clinical practice, and accreditation. keynote address: "future directions in health status assessment" identified what needs to happen next in order to put patient-defined outcomes into the databases used in medical decision making. advances include a ... | 1999 | 10228912 |
| use of complementary and alternative therapies by patients with human immunodeficiency virus disease in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. | complementary and alternative medical therapies (cam) are popular with patients who are human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) seropositive, despite effective drug treatments, potential drug interactions, and overlapping toxicities. | 2003 | 12676036 |
| drug-selected resistance mutations and non-b subtypes in antiretroviral-naive adults with established human immunodeficiency virus infection. | the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 1 antiretroviral resistance is expected to be higher in recently infected antiretroviral-naive individuals than in those who have been infected longer. antiretroviral-naive hiv-1-infected adults who presented to an outpatient clinic in an urban hospital in boston for initial evaluation in 1999 were screened for drug-selected resistance mutations and phylogenetic subtype. drug-selected mutations were identified in 16 (18%) of 88 subjects. ... | 2003 | 14513418 |
| antiretroviral drug resistance in human immunodeficiency virus-infected source patients for occupational exposures to healthcare workers. | to assess the prevalence of hiv antiretroviral resistance among source patients for occupational hiv exposures. | 2003 | 14587931 |
| cross-cultural considerations in the conduct of community-based participatory research. | this article explores cross-cultural challenges that arise when university and community members collaborate in community-based participatory research. as part of a project for primary prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, researchers trained community leaders to jointly develop a research question and conduct a pilot qualitative study in a puerto rican community in massachusetts. different priorities of the community and university members about hiv as a research topic und ... | 2007 | 17149031 |