| host preference of mosquito vectors of japanese encephalitis. | the host preference of 4 culex mosquito species collected in miaoli and pingtung counties, taiwan was studied by capillary precipitin method. antisera to alum-precipitated sera of man, bovine, swine, rabbit, horse, dog, cat, mouse, chicken, duck, and pigeon were produced in rabbits and reacted with 758 mosquito blood meals among which reactions to one or more antisera. culex annulus and culex tritaeniorhynchus summorosus showed a great avidity for pig, and culex fuscocephala for bovine. culex pi ... | 1975 | 181218 |
| european experience with the west nile virus ecology and epidemiology: could it be relevant for the new world? | a review of west nile virus (wnv) and the epidemiology of west nile fever (wnf) in europe is presented. european epidemics of wnf reveal some general features. they usually burst out with full strength in the first year, but few cases are observed in the consecutive 1 to 2 (exceptionally 3) years, whereas smaller epidemics or clusters of cases only last for one season. the outbreaks are associated with high populations of mosquitoes (especially culex spp.) caused by flooding and subsequent dry a ... | 2000 | 11192288 |
| late season commercial mosquito trap and host seeking activity evaluation against mosquitoes in a malarious area of the republic of korea. | field trials evaluating selected commercially available mosquito traps variously baited with light, carbon dioxide, and/or octenol were conducted from 18-27 september 2000 in a malarious area near paekyeon-ri (tongil-chon) and camp greaves in paju county, kyonggi province, republic of korea. the host-seeking activity for common mosquito species, including the primary vector of japanese encephalitis, culex tritaeniorhynchus giles, was determined using hourly aspirator collections from a human and ... | 2002 | 11949213 |
| experimental vertical transmission of west nile virus by culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae). | despite the detection of west nile (wn) virus in overwintering culex pipiens l. in new york in february 2000, the mechanism by which this virus persists throughout the winter to initiate infections in vertebrate hosts and vectors the following spring remains unknown. after a blood meal, parous mosquitoes generally do not survive until spring and gonotrophic dissociation occurs in only a small percentage of the population. to investigate vertical transmission as a means of viral survival during i ... | 2002 | 12144296 |
| seasonal prevalence of the vector mosquitoes of japanese encephalitis virus in kyungpook province, korea. | in order to determine the seasonal prevalence and population density of vector mosquitoes in kyungpook province, a survey based on average number of female mosquito per trap-night, were carried out during the period from may to november in 1984. among the 34,571 mosquitoes collected in kyungsan county in animal shelters and human dwellings by light traps, approximately 45.0 % were culex tritaeniorhynchus, 34.0 % per cent culex pipiens pallens, and 19.0 per cent anopheles sinensis. by comparison, ... | 1985 | 12888695 |
| collection of adult and larval mosquitoes in u.s. army compounds in the republic of korea during 1979~1983. | this paper is the result of adult female mosquito and larval collection in u.s. army installations in korea from 1979 to 1983. new jersey light traps ere operated for ault collection from may to october. the primary concern of this surveillance is to determine when to recommend insecticide spraying for mosquito control in the army areas. the 5th preventive medicine unit have developed an "index" level of female mosquitoes in a light trap similar to other u.s.army agencies in other parts of the w ... | 1984 | 12891039 |
| west nile virus: the indian scenario. | west nile virus (wnv) is an important arthropod borne flavivirus; usually causes a mild infection called west nile fever (wnf) in human and horses. mosquitoes are the principal vectors of wnv. various culex species are found to act as vectors in different geographical regions. the virus is maintained in a bird-mosquito cycle in nature. in india, culex mosquitoes are tentatively incriminated as vectors of wnv. experimental studies have shown that culex tritaeniorhynchus, cx. vishnui, cx. bitaenio ... | 2003 | 14700342 |
| [clinical and epidemiological aspects of japanese encephalitis]. | japanese encephalitis has been well controlled in japan. on the other hand, the japanese encephalitis virus (jev) transmission cycle still exists, as does the risk of exposure to jev infection. although culex tritaeniorhynchus has been considered the major mosquito vector in japan, recent surveys suggested culex pipiens complex and aedes albopictus as potential alternatives. similarly, swine have reduced the role in amplification of jev in paradomestic environments. another surveys suggested att ... | 2005 | 16363686 |
| [research on culex tritaeniorhynchus and culex pipiens quinquefasciatus intrathoracically infected with attenuated japanese encephalitis virus sa14-14-2 vaccine strain]. | to determine if the attenuated japanese encephalitis (je) virus sa14-14-2 vaccine strain interacts efficiently with culex tritaeniorhynchus and culex pipiens quinquefasciatus, and further to acquire a new knowledge of its characteristics and safety for human beings. | 2005 | 16415992 |
| insecticide resistance in vector mosquitoes in china. | because of their special behaviour, physiology and close relationship with humans, mosquitoes act as one of the most important vectors of human diseases, such as filariasis, japanese encephalitis, dengue and malaria. the major vector mosquitoes are members of the culex, aedes and anopheles genera. insecticides play important roles in agricultural production and public health, especially in a country with a huge human population, like china. large quantities of four classes of insecticides, organ ... | 2006 | 16953491 |
| persistent west nile virus transmission and the apparent displacement st. louis encephalitis virus in southeastern california, 2003-2006. | west nile virus (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, wnv) invaded the colorado desert biome of southern california during summer 2003 and seemed to displace previously endemic st. louis encephalitis virus (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, slev, an antigenically similar flavivirus in the japanese encephalitis virus serocomplex). western equine encephalomyelitis virus (family togaviridae, genus alphavirus, weev), an antigenically distinct alphavirus, was detected during 2005 and 2006, ind ... | 2008 | 18533445 |
| distribution of arboviruses and mosquitoes in northwestern yunnan province, china. | from july to september in 2005 and 2006, a survey was conducted to identify mosquito species and mosquito-borne arboviruses at elevations ranging from 900-3280 m between 24 degrees 00' n and 29 degrees 00' n latitude in the northwestern part of yunnan province, china. a total of 54,879 mosquitoes representing 15 species and 4 genera was collected using uv light traps at 59 sites. culex tritaeniorhynchus and anopheles sinensis were the most abundant species. the density of mosquitoes as well as t ... | 2009 | 19196130 |
| a systematic study on hemocyte identification and plasma prophenoloxidase from culex pipiens quinquefasciatus at different developmental stages. | culexpipiens quinquefasciatus (c. quinquefasciatus) is an important vector that can transmit human diseases such as west nile virus, lymphatic filariasis, japanese encephalitis and st. louis encephalitis. however, very limited research concerning the humoral and cellular immune defenses of c. quinquefasciatus has been done. here we present the research on hemocyte identification and plasma including hemocyte prophenoloxidase from c. quinquefasciatus at all developmental stages in order to obtain ... | 2011 | 20637755 |
| detection of usutu virus within a west nile virus surveillance program in northern italy. | abstract usutu virus (usuv) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus belonging to the japanese encephalitis serocomplex, recently related to neurological disease in immunosuppressed patients. in the same area of northern italy where usuv human cases occurred in 2009, a regional west nile virus (wnv) surveillance program based on mosquito monitoring and wild birds screening has been implemented since 2008. mosquito pools and wild birds were tested using three different polymerase chain reactions (flaviviru ... | 2011 | 20849275 |
| detection of japanese encephalitis virus genotype v in culex orientalis and culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae) in korea. | japanese encephalitis virus (jev) causes significant viral encephalitis and is distributed throughout the asian countries. the virus is known to be transmitted by culex tritaeniorhynchus, which mainly breeds in rice paddies in korea. in this study, we investigated the presence of other mosquito species that can transmit jev as a second or regional vector. we selected five cities where patients have experienced je in the last 5 years as mosquito-collecting locations and subdivided them into four ... | 2015 | 25658839 |
| characterization of rabensburg virus, a flavivirus closely related to west nile virus of the japanese encephalitis antigenic group. | rabensburg virus (rabv), a flavivirus with ∼76% nucleotide and 90% amino acid identity with representative members of lineage one and two west nile virus (wnv), previously was isolated from culex pipiens and aedes rossicus mosquitoes in the czech republic, and phylogenetic and serologic analyses demonstrated that it was likely a new lineage of wnv. however, no direct link between rabv and human disease has been definitively established and the extent to which rabv utilizes the typical wnv transm ... | 2012 | 22724010 |
| mosquito surveillance revealed lagged effects of mosquito abundance on mosquito-borne disease transmission: a retrospective study in zhejiang, china. | mosquito-borne diseases (mbds) are still threats to public health in zhejiang. in this study, the associations between the time-lagged mosquito capture data and mbds incidence over five years were used to examine the potential effects of mosquito abundance on patterns of mbds epidemiology in zhejiang during 2008-2012. light traps were used to collect adult mosquitoes at 11 cities. correlation tests with and without time lag were performed to investigate the correlations between mbds incidence ra ... | 2014 | 25393834 |
| [isolation and identification of mosquito-borne arboviruses in yuncheng city, shanxi province, 2012]. | to investigate the species and distribution of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne arboviruses in yuncheng city of shanxi province, china. | 2015 | 25975552 |
| [investigation on mosquitoes and mosquito-borne viruses in dehong prefecture, yunnan province, 2007 and 2010]. | to investigate the distribution patterns of mosquito and mosquito-borne viruses in dehong prefecture, yunnan province, china. | 2014 | 25059361 |
| mosgctl-7, a c-type lectin protein, mediates japanese encephalitis virus infection in mosquitoes. | japanese encephalitis virus (jev) is an arthropod-borne flavivirus prevalent in asia and the western pacific, and is the leading cause of viral encephalitis. jev is maintained in a transmission cycle between mosquitoes and vertebrate hosts, but the molecular mechanisms by which the mosquito vector participates in transmission are unclear. we investigated the expression of all c-type lectins during jev infection in aedes aegypti. c-type lectin mosgctl-7 (aael002524) was significantly up-regulated ... | 2017 | 28250133 |
| european aedes albopictus and culex pipiens are competent vectors for japanese encephalitis virus. | japanese encephalitis virus (jev) is the causative agent of japanese encephalitis, the leading cause of viral encephalitis in asia. jev transmission cycle involves mosquitoes and vertebrate hosts. the detection of jev rna in a pool of culex pipiens caught in 2010 in italy raised the concern of a putative emergence of the virus in europe. we aimed to study the vector competence of european mosquito populations, such as cx. pipiens and aedes albopictus for jev genotypes 3 and 5. | 2017 | 28085881 |
| [susceptibility of aedes albopictus and culex pipiens quinquefasciatus to infection with bat japanese encephalitis virus isolates]. | to evaluate the susceptibility of aedes albopictus and culex pipiens quinquefasciatus to oral infection with bat japanese encephalitis virus isolates (gd1 and hn2 strains). | 2012 | 22543153 |
| the mitochondrial genomes of culex tritaeniorhynchus and culex pipiens pallens (diptera: culicidae) and comparison analysis with two other culex species. | culex tritaeniorhynchus and culex pipiens pallens are the major vectors of the japanese encephalitis virus and wuchereria bancrofti, the causative agent of filariasis. the knowledge of mitochondrial genomes has been widely useful for the studies on molecular evolution, phylogenetics and population genetics. | 2016 | 27444629 |
| multiple insecticide resistances in the disease vector culex p. quinquefasciatus from western indian ocean. | several mosquito-borne diseases affect the western indian ocean islands. culex pipiens quinquefasciatus is one of these vectors and transmits filariasis, rift valley and west nile viruses and the japanese encephalitis. to limit the impact of these diseases on public health, considerable vector control efforts have been implemented since the 50s, mainly through the use of neurotoxic insecticides belonging to organochlorines (oc), organophosphates (op) and pyrethroids (pyr) families. however, mosq ... | 2013 | 24204997 |
| Usutu virus: potential risk of human disease in Europe. | Usutu virus (USUV) is an African mosquito-borne flavivirus, member of the Japanese encephalitis antigenic group. This avian virus is transmitted by arthropod vectors (mainly mosquitoes of the Culex pipiens complex). It is well known that free-living birds, including migratory species, have the potential to disperse certain pathogenic microorganisms. Usutu virus has recently been introduced to Europe and is spreading through Austria, Hungary, Italy, Spain and Switzerland, causing disease in birds ... | 2011 | 21871214 |
| explaining usutu virus dynamics in austria: model development and calibration. | usutu virus (usuv), a flavivirus of the japanese encephalitis virus complex, was for the first time detected outside africa in the region around vienna (austria) in 2001 by weissenböck et al. [weissenböck, h., kolodziejek, j., url, a., lussy, h., rebel-bauder, b., nowotny, n., 2002. emergence of usutu virus, an african mosquito-borne flavivirus of the japanese encephalitis virus group, central europe. emerg. infect. dis. 8, 652-656]. usuv is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) circulating betwe ... | 2008 | 18314208 |
| laboratory transmission of japanese encephalitis, west nile, and getah viruses by mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) collected near camp greaves, gyeonggi province, republic of korea 2003. | we conducted experimental studies to evaluate mosquitoes captured in paju county, gyeonggi province, republic of korea, for their ability to transmit west nile virus (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, wnv), japanese encephalitis virus (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, jev), and getah virus (family togaviridae, genus alphavirus, getv) under laboratory conditions. both culex pipiens pallens coquillett and culex tritaeniorhynchus giles were highly susceptible to infection with wnv, with ... | 2006 | 17017248 |
| laboratory transmission of japanese encephalitis and west nile viruses by molestus form of culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae) collected in uzbekistan in 2004. | we evaluated the molestus form of culex pipiens pipiens (l.) (hereafter referred to as "molestus") captured near tashkent, uzbekistan, for their ability to transmit japanese encephalitis (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, jev) and west nile (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, wnv) viruses under laboratory conditions. these molestus were highly competent laboratory vectors of wnv, with infection and dissemination rates of 96 and 81%, respectively. approximately 75% of female molestus tha ... | 2006 | 16619614 |
| vector competence of culex pipiens molestus (diptera: culicidae) from taiwan for a sympatric strain of japanese encephalitis virus. | laboratory strains of culex pipiens molestus forskal and culex tritaeniorhynchus giles from northern taiwan were compared for their susceptibility to the sanhsia mq1-2 (sh) strain of japanese encephalitis (je) virus isolated from taiwan. after feeding on a sweetened blood-virus mixture, viral titers in cx. p. molestus during the 14-d incubation period ranged from a minimum of 2.9 log10pfu (plaque forming units) per mosquito on day 3 after ingestion to a maximum of 4.65 log10pfu at day 8 and in c ... | 2000 | 11004796 |
| infestation of mosquitoes from the maritime territory by the entomopathogenic fungus, coelomomyces iliensis, under laboratory conditions. | the infection of larvae of culex pipiens molestus, c. vagans and c. tritaeniorhynchus (the vector of the virus of japanese encephalitis) with the entomopathogenic fungus coelomomyces iliensis from kazakhstan was carried out in the primorje territory in 1973--1974. at the infection of larvae of c. tritaeniorhynchus with the suspension of infected larvae the mortality was recorded only from 60% of individuals, while at the infection with a content of sporangia--from 36.6% of larvae. somewhat less ... | 1978 | 27745 |
| flight capacity of adult culex pipiens pallens (diptera: culicidae) in relation to gender and day-age. | culex pipiens pallens (l.) is the most common mosquito in houses of central and northern china. it is the primary vector of lymphatic filariasis and japanese encephalitis. the flight range of mosquitoes is an important factor predicting the risk area of transmission of mosquito-borne pathogens to vertebrate hosts. the flight performance of cx. pipiens pallens was measured with a 26-channel computer-monitored flight-mill system. we found that females had longer flight capability than males for to ... | 2013 | 24180110 |
| effect of chlorfenapyr on cypermethrin-resistant culex pipiens pallens coq mosquitoes. | chlorfenapyr is a promising pyrrole insecticide with a unique mechanism of action that does not confer cross-resistance to neurotoxic insecticides. the effect of chlorfenapyr on pyrethorid-resistant culex pipiens pallens coq (diptera: culicidae) has not been fully investigated under laboratory conditions. in this study, cypermethrin-resistant c. p. pallens exhibited 376.79-fold and 395.40-fold increase in resistance to cypermethrin compared with susceptible strains after exposure for 24 and 48h, ... | 2015 | 25497774 |
| comparison of adult mosquito black-light and light-emitting diode traps at three cowsheds located in malaria-endemic areas of the republic of korea. | adult mosquito surveillance and field trials evaluated selected commercially available ultraviolet black-light (bl) and light-emitting diode (led) traps at three sites where vivax malaria is endemic from may to october 2015 in northwestern republic of korea. collections totaled 283,929 adult mosquitoes (280,355 [98.74%] females and 3,574 [1.26%] males) comprising 17 species (including six members of the anopheles hyrcanus group) belonging to six genera. the four most predominant female species c ... | 2017 | 28082650 |
| japanese encephalitis virus rna detected in culex pipiens mosquitoes in italy. | mosquitoes collected in northern italy were screened for flavivirus rna. positive amplicons were sequenced and found most similar to insect flavivirus (isf), usutu virus (usuv) and surprisingly also to japanese encephalitis virus (jev). the sequence (167 bp), obtained from one pool of culex pipiens, was found identical to jev strains from bats in china. unfortunately additional sequence data or virus isolations were not obtained in this study. confirmation of potential introduction of jev to ita ... | 2012 | 22835438 |
| [japanese encephalitis in southern europe]. | in 2012, a fragment of the japanese encephalitis virus (jev) genome was isolated from a pool of culex pipiens mosquitoes caught in 2010 and 2011 in northern italy. jev has a broad geographical distribution in south and southeast asia and oceania, and is the most important cause of viral encephalitis in asia in humans and also causes encephalitis in horses and fertility problems in pigs. however, recently isolated jev genome fragments in mosquitoes in italy could be an indication of repeated intr ... | 2014 | 25090898 |