| sporadic cutaneous leishmaniasis in north tunisia: identification of the causative agent as leishmania infantum by the use of a diagnostic deoxyribonucleic acid probe. | a diagnostic kinetoplast deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) probe has been used to identify as leishmania infantum amastigotes taken from the lesions (in dermal fluid or lesion triturates) of 7 of 8 patients suffering from sporadic cutaneous leishmaniasis in north tunisia. all 8 isolates were very difficult to culture but, subsequently, sufficient parasites of one isolate have been grown for isoenzyme typing, and were identified as zymodeme mon 24 of l. infantum. the advantages of using recombinant dna ... | 1992 | 1475816 |
| a leishmania infantum enzymatic variant, causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in north tunisia. | | 1991 | 1949140 |
| [clinico-epidemiologic forms of cutaneous leishmaniasis in tunisia]. | from an analysis of 1,546 cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis collected throughout tunisia three clinico-epidemiological forms could be determined. these forms are due to three different species of leishmania and are observed in different geographical areas. sporadic cutaneous leishmaniasis (scl), 63 cases. this form is found in northern tunisia, in known foci of kala-azar. 96% of the patients have a single, small, ulcerated and crusty lesion on the face surrounded by an important zone of infiltrat ... | 1988 | 3242407 |
| [confirmation of the presence of leishmania infantum mon-80 in tunisia]. | a definitive confirmation of the presence in tunisia of the rare zymodem mon-80 of leishmania infantum, as a causative agent of infantile visceral leishmaniasis, is reported. | 1999 | 10214517 |
| [epidemiologic and parasitologic data concerning sporadic cutaneous leishmaniasis in northern tunisia]. | this study refers to 23 patients presenting with the sporadic forms of cutaneous leishmaniasis encountered in northern most humid parts of tunisia. culture inoculation for parasitic isolation was processed using two media: the classical nnn and a rabbit serum based medium (slc). cultures were positive in 17 cases with slc medium and 13 cases with nnn medium. eight isolates were typed using 15 isoenzymes systems. six isolates were identified as leishmania infantum mon-24 which confirms the crucia ... | 2000 | 10863611 |
| investigation of the spread of human visceral leishmaniasis in central tunisia. | the epidemiology, clinical patterns, and spatial spread of mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis were retrospectively studied in central tunisia. the clinical profile of the disease was typical of the mediterranean infantile form. malnutrition and associated infectious diseases were observed in 62.5% and 55% of cases, respectively. the case-fatality rate was 6.2% and resistance to meglumine antimonate was observed in 1.6% of patients. the annual incidence of cases increased from approximately 10 ... | 2000 | 11127239 |
| [particular profile of the zymodemes of leishmania infantum causing visceral leishmaniasis in tunisia]. | the isoenzymatic typing of 16 stocks of leishmania, isolated from tunisian visceral leishmaniasis (vl) cases, revealed that all strains belonged to leishmania (l.) infantum species. although zymodeme mon-1 was predictably the most frequent (9 cases), it came as a surprise that l. infantum mon-24 was responsible of about third of cases. this latter zymodeme, while previously reported in tunisia, algeria and spain, was assumed to be a dermotropic and the few cases of vl that it caused occurred alw ... | 2001 | 11889934 |
| [isolated adenopathy in leishmaniasis due to leishmania infantum]. | leishmaniasis is rarely manifested by isolated lymphadenitis in the mediterranean area, only 13 cases have been reported. | 2002 | 12579080 |
| [leishmania infantum mon-1: the only zymodeme isolated in canine leishmaniasis in tunisia]. | iso-enzymatic characterization of 19 leishmania strains isolated from tunisian dogs revealed that all correspond to leishmania infantum mon-1. this confirms the role of dog as a reservoir of the commonest zymodeme responsible for human visceral leishmaniasis in the mediterranean basin. however, and in spite of the high number of identifications, many zymodemes, mainly the dermotropic ones as leishmania infantum mon-24, frequently reported in humans, had never been isolated from dogs. the study o ... | 2003 | 12836518 |
| leishmania infantum species-specific kdna probes: isolation and evaluation. | the study refers to the isolation of specific dna probes to the parasite species leishmania (l) infantum according to different strategies using recombinant minicircles isolated from l. infantum kinetoplast dnas. a first probe was identified following a classical procedure. one mini-circle selected for strong reactivity to l. infantum total dna was used to identify specific subfragments to this species among which the 95bp fragment, 3b8haeiii-2 was selected. for the obtention of the second probe ... | 2000 | 14658226 |
| [evaluation of two dna probes specific for leishmania infantum in the diagnosis of canine leishmaniasis]. | this study reports on the evaluation of two l. infantum specific dna probes for the diagnosis of canine leishmaniasis. the probes presented very satisfying performances in terms of specificity (100%) and predictive value of the positive result (100%). however, their sensitivity (35.3%) and the clinical complexity of canine infections render their use difficult in epidemiological surveys of visceral leishmaniasis aiming at measuring the prevalence of the dog infection by l. infantum. the sensitiv ... | 2001 | 14658233 |
| [concordance of leishmaniasis cutaneous tests in tunisia]. | a cross sectional study aimed to evaluate the effect of antigenic preparation (leishmania infantum versus leishmania major) and dose of leishmania antigens (5 x 10(6) versus 2.5 x 10(6) parasites in the same volume) on the reproducibility of delayed type hypersensitivity leishmania skin test. results showed that among 34 individuals involved from visceral leishmaniasis endemic area. 26 (76.5%) had a positif leishmania infantum leishmania (l-l. infantum) test and 27 (79.4%) to leishmania major le ... | 2001 | 14658234 |
| [importance of amastigote forms morphology to differentiate leishmania infantum and leishmania major species]. | the microscopic study of the dermal smears of 62 cases of cutaneous leishmaniose, 27 infected by leishmania (l.) infantum and 35 by l. major, showed that the amastigotes of l. infantum are meaningfully smaller (p < 0.001). this criteria is a simple pary alternative to distinguish these 2 species which have completely different epidemiology, recovery delay and prophylactic dispositions. | 2003 | 15941068 |
| usefulness of pcr in the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in tunisia. | we assessed the efficiency of a pcr method in establishing the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) in tunisian patients. four hundred and thirty specimens collected passively from patients with cutaneous ulcers suggestive of leishmaniasis attending health centres for diagnosis were included in the study. dermal scrapings were analysed both by parasitological (examination of giemsa-stained smears and in vitro cultivation) methods and by a genus-specific pcr detecting a fragment of the 18s r ... | 2005 | 16095641 |
| occurrence of leishmania infantum cutaneous leishmaniasis in central tunisia. | cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) due to leishmania infantum occurs sporadically in tunisia where its distribution is confined to the northern parts of the country. however, during the past decade there have been occasional repeated reports of cases from areas in central tunisia, known to be free of cl. epidemiological, clinical and parasitological data regarding these patients were collected and analysed. data were very suggestive of the sporadic form of cl due to l. infantum. the parasites containe ... | 2006 | 16356518 |
| [epidemiological, clinical and parasitological data about canine leishmaniasis in tunisia]. | epidemiological, clinical and parasitological data concerning canine leishmaniasis were collected in two tunisian populations of dogs, different in breed and life style: 23 rural dogs and 26 dogs of european breeds. all were symptomatic and lived in the north of tunisia where human visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania infantum are endemic. leishmaniasis has been confirmed in all dogs by serology or/and by parasitic identification. significant differences concerning age and s ... | 2005 | 16425713 |
| [phlebotomus (larroussius) langeroni nitzulescu, 1930 in tunisia: presence of the female and updating of geographical distribution]. | the authors report the presence of phlebotomus (larroussius) langeroni nitzulescu, 1930 in two epidemic foci of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania infantum in northwest tunisia. the phlebotomus langeroni female is to be mentioned for the first time in north africa. | 2005 | 16425726 |
| [unusual presentation of visceral leishmaniasis in an immunocompetent patient]. | visceral leishmaniasis due to leishmania infantum is endemic in tunisia. the incidence in adult patients has increased in recent years; but most of these patients are not hiv positive as in other mediterranean countries where all the cases are associated with hiv. we present the case of a woman with symptoms suggestive of leishmaniasis but whose bone marrow was sterile and whose serological tests for leishmania spp. were negative. for this patient, the parasite was only detected in a routine duo ... | 2006 | 16580803 |
| phlebotominae (diptera: psychodidae) of human leishmaniosis sites in tunisia. | in order to identify the phlebotomine sandfly populations in tunisian leishmaniosis foci, an entomological survey was carried out through three entomological seasons (2002-2003-2004) in 19 visceral and cutaneous leishmaniosis areas, located in six bioclimatic zones. sandfly collections were based on light and sticky traps placed around human leishmaniosis cases. 8,722 phlebotomine sandflies belonging to 12 species were collected. the dominance of subgenus larroussius species in northern foci, ph ... | 2006 | 16605064 |
| [asymptomatic bearing of leishmania infantum among tunisian hiv infected patients]. | the number of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) cases is in continuous growth in mediterranean countries. in tunisia, in addition to the traditional infantile form, more and more cases in immunocompetent or immunocompromised adults have been reported. however, co-infection vl-hiv remains rare in tunisia and diagnosis of all the cases up till now has been done using traditional techniques (serology, direct examination and culture of bone marrow). however, the last years, several studies proved the grea ... | 2007 | 17888586 |
| isoenzymatic variability of leishmania infantum in tunisia concerning 254 human strains. | the different clinical forms of leishmaniasis are the result of both the immunological status of individuals and the species of the parasite causing the infection. in mediterranean countries, the leishmania infantum complex groups zymodemes which are responsible for visceral, cutaneous and exceptionally cutaneomucosal or mucosal leishmaniasis. we report in this study a synthesis concerning 254 cases of l. infantum that have been characterized at the "laboratoire de parasitologie" of the rabta ho ... | 2008 | 18402923 |
| [primary leishmania infantum mon-80 endonasal leishmaniasis in tunisia]. | mucocutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic in central and south america. it causes massive mutilating and disfiguring lesions and can lead to destruction of facial structures. in tunisia, leishmaniasis of the mucous membranes is rare, usually developing as a complication of cutaneous leishmaniasis via direct extension. we report the first case in tunisia of isolated and primary nasal leishmaniasis. | 2008 | 18457726 |
| population structure of tunisian leishmania infantum and evidence for the existence of hybrids and gene flow between genetically different populations. | twenty-seven strains of leishmania infantum from north and central tunisia belonging to the three main mon zymodemes (the mon-typing system is based on multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (mlee) of 15 enzymes) found in this country (mon-1, mon-24 and mon-80) and representing different pathologies (visceral, cutaneous and canine leishmaniasis) have been studied to understand the genetic polymorphism within this species. intraspecific variation could be detected in l. infantum by the use of 14 hyper ... | 2009 | 19211023 |
| [a variant of ddrt-pcr using anchored mini-exon primers for identification of differentially expressed sequences in leishmania infantum]. | leishmania infantum (l.i) is responsible for visceral (vl) or cutaneous (cl) leishmaniasis. previous studies done in honduras by differential display reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (ddrt-pcr) failed to demonstrate differences in expression profiles among l. infantum vl and cl parasites. for purpose of comparing expression among l. infantum isolates in tunisia, a variant of this technique adapted from a commercial kit was developed involving pairs of random and anchored mini-exon ... | 2008 | 19469414 |
| [cutaneous leishmaniasis in tunisia: discovery of leishmania infantum in south of the country]. | | 2008 | 19472498 |
| [mucosal leishmaniasis by contiguity with a skin lesion: another case report from tunisia]. | three clinical forms of cutaneous leishmaniasis can be found in tunisia, i.e. the sporadic form due to leishmania infantum in the north, the zoonotic epidemic form due to leishmania major in the center and southwest, and the chronic cutaneous form due to leishmania tropica in the south. unlike cutaneous forms, mucosal involvement is uncommon. the purpose of this report is to describe another case of mucosal leishmaniasis due to contiguity with a skin lesion in a 54-years-old woman. the patient r ... | 2008 | 19639835 |
| [current epidemiological data on visceral leishmaniasis in tunisia]. | visceral leishmaniasis is an important health problem in tunisia. the aim of this study was to update the epidemiological and clinical features of the disease. | 2009 | 19796895 |
| visceral leishmaniasis in a kidney transplant recipient: parasitic interstitial nephritis, a cause of renal dysfunction. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) due to leishmania infantum is an endemic parasitic infection in the mediterranean area. it most commonly affects immunosuppressed individuals, especially hiv patients and less frequently organ transplant recipients. renal involvement seems to be frequent and is mostly associated with tubulointerstitial nephritis, as described in autopsy reports. in the 61 cases of renal transplant recipients with vl reported in the literature, renal dysfunction was noted at clinical p ... | 2010 | 20486908 |
| development of a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay for leishmania major/leishmania killicki/leishmania infantum discrimination from clinical samples, application in a tunisian focus. | topoisomerase ii gene of leishmania genus was used to develop a molecular tool for detection and species differentiation of leishmania from clinical samples. identification was achieved by a polymerase chain reaction followed by digestion with 2 restriction endonucleases bstu1 and taq1. despite the relatively low sensitivity, it is able to differentiate between 3 complexes responsible for cutaneous leishmaniasis. | 2010 | 20846587 |
| leishmania infantum: lipophosphoglycan intraspecific variation and interaction with vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. | interspecies variations in lipophosphoglycan (lpg) have been the focus of intense study over the years due its role in specificity during sand fly-leishmania interaction. this cell surface glycoconjugate is highly polymorphic among species with variations in sugars that branch off the conserved gal(β1,4)man(α1)-po(4) backbone of repeat units. however, the degree of intraspecies polymorphism in lpg of leishmania infantum (syn. leishmania chagasi) is not known. in this study, intraspecific variati ... | 2010 | 21118695 |
| in vitro growth kinetics, differentiation and morphological characterisation of tunisian leishmania infantum parasites. | in this study, a negative peanut agglutinin (pna) selection was used as a marker for promastigote differentiation to compare the in vitro growth and differentiation kinetics of two visceral and two cutaneous leishmania (leishmania) infantum parasites. all parasites had different growth and differentiation kinetics. cultures initiated with pna(+) parasites purified during the early stationary phase (day 4), when pna(-) (non-agglutinating) parasites peaked, yielded a high pna(-) percent. further m ... | 2012 | 22137536 |
| changes of sand fly populations and leishmania infantum infection rates in an irrigated village located in arid central tunisia. | the current spread of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (zvl) throughout arid areas of central tunisia is a major public health concern. the main objective of this study is to investigate whether the development of irrigation in arid bio-geographical areas in central tunisia have led to the establishment of a stable cycle involving sand flies of the subgenus larroussius and leishmania infantum, and subsequently to the emergence of zvl. sand flies were collected from the village of saddaguia, a hig ... | 2016 | 26999176 |
| mucosal leishmaniasis of the lip: an emerging clinical form in tunisia. | mucosal leishmaniasis (ml), which mostly occurs in the new world, is mainly associated with leishmania braziliensis. primary lip ml is very rare in the mediterranean basin and particulary in tunisia despite the endemicity of both cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis in this area. | 2015 | 24910266 |
| identification of tunisian leishmania spp. by pcr amplification of cysteine proteinase b (cpb) genes and phylogenetic analysis. | discrimination of the old world leishmania parasites is important for diagnosis and epidemiological studies of leishmaniasis. we have developed pcr assays that allow the discrimination between leishmania major, leishmania tropica and leishmania infantum tunisian species. the identification was performed by a simple pcr targeting cysteine protease b (cpb) gene copies. these pcr can be a routine molecular biology tools for discrimination of leishmania spp. from different geographical origins and d ... | 2013 | 23228525 |
| heterogeneity of molecular resistance patterns in antimony-resistant field isolates of leishmania species from the western mediterranean area. | antimonials remain the first-line treatment for the various manifestations of leishmaniasis in most areas where the disease is endemic, and increasing cases of therapeutic failure associated with parasite resistance have been reported. in this study, we assessed the molecular status of 47 clinical isolates of leishmania causing visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis from algeria, tunisia, and southern france. in total, we examined 14 genes that have been shown to exhibit significant variations in ... | 2014 | 24913173 |