| the pathology of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania major in sudan. | the pathology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in sudan, where the disease is caused by leishmania major, was studied by light and electron microscopy. lesions were classified into four distinct groups based on the ratio of different cell types, especially lymphocytes, macrophages, and plasma cells in the inflammatory infiltrate, and the formation of compact epithelioid granulomas or the presence of necrosis. in the lesions, there was a positive correlation between the number of lymphocytes and the nu ... | 1995 | 7771611 |
| endemic kala-azar in eastern sudan: a longitudinal study on the incidence of clinical and subclinical infection and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. | between april 1991 and april 1993, a longitudinal study was performed in the village of um-salala (1,430 inhabitants) in the endemic area of kala-azar (visceral leishmaniasis) in eastern sudan. during the two years, a total of 92 kala-azar cases were diagnosed (male:female ratio = 1.8:1, mean age 6.6 years). the annual incidence rates were 38.4/1,000 and 38.5/1,000 person-years, respectively. the ratio of clinical to subclinical cases was 1.6:1 in the first year and 2.4:1 in the second year. pos ... | 1994 | 7810819 |
| sporotrichoid cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania major of different zymodemes in the sudan and saudi arabia: a comparative study. | sporotrichoid cutaneous leishmaniasis is due to dissemination of amastigotes via the lymphatics to the subcutaneous tissues. a comparison was made between the potential to disseminate by this route of 2 parasites of different zymodemes in sudan and saudi arabia. in sudan cutaneous leishmaniasis is caused by leishmania major zymodeme lon-1, and in saudi arabia by l. major lon-4. sporotrichoid leishmaniasis was significantly more common in sudan, occurring in 23% of patients compared with 10% in s ... | 1994 | 7992336 |
| necrotizing and suppurative lymphadenitis in leishmania major infections. | the pathology of lymph nodes and subcutaneous nodules in 6 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (oriental sore) due to leishmania major is described in this paper. in 3 patients enlarged epitrochlear lymph nodes were found to be associated with primary skin lesions in the forearm. the lymph node in one patient showed a necrotizing granulomatous reaction that simulated tuberculous lymphadenitis. leishmania parasites were, however, found in sections of the node, and staining for mycobacteria was ... | 1996 | 8665392 |
| the pathology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the sudan: a comparison with that in other geographical areas. | the pathology of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) caused by leishmania major zymodeme lon 1 in the sudan was compared with that caused by l. major zymodeme lon 4 in saudi arabia and with that already described for l. tropica infections in iran and for localized cl in the new world. the lesions were classified according to ridley's five histological types. most of the lesions in the sudan and saudi arabia were of types b and c, characterized, respectively, by diffuse macrophage necrosis and focalized ... | 1996 | 8915124 |
| the leishmania promastigote surface antigen-2 (psa-2) is specifically recognised by th1 cells in humans with naturally acquired immunity to l. major. | the promastigote surface antigen-2 (psa-2) is a leishmania parasite antigen, which can induce th1-mediated protection against murine leishmaniasis when used as a vaccine. to evaluate psa-2 as a human vaccine candidate the specific t-cell response to psa-2 was characterised in individuals immune to cutaneous leishmaniasis. peripheral blood mononuclear cells from sudanese individuals with a past history of self-healing cutaneous leishmaniasis proliferated vigorously in response to psa-2 isolated f ... | 1998 | 9566492 |
| autoclaved leishmania major vaccine for prevention of visceral leishmaniasis: a randomised, double-blind, bcg-controlled trial in sudan. | visceral leishmaniasis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the sudan. drug treatment is expensive, and drug resistance is becoming increasingly common. safe, effective, and cheap vaccines are needed. we report the results of a vaccine trial against human visceral leishmaniasis. | 2000 | 11075771 |
| immunogenicity and safety of autoclaved leishmania major plus bcg vaccine in healthy sudanese volunteers. | in a longitudinal study in the epidemiology of leishmania donovani infection in an endemic focus in eastern sudan, we observed that previous exposure or infection with leishmania major appeared to protect against visceral leishmaniasis caused by l. donovani. we therefore conducted a study to test the safety and immunogenicity of a vaccine consisting of autoclaved l. major (alm) plus bcg in inducing protection in vaccinated individuals. leishmanin-negative healthy sudanese volunteers were enrolle ... | 2001 | 11228382 |
| the origin and evolution of the leishmania donovani complex as inferred from a mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase ii gene sequence. | members of the leishmania donovani complex are parasites of the reticulo-endothelial system that are often associated with serious epidemics of a life threatening disease known as visceral leishmaniasis or kala-azar. twenty-two leishmania isolates representative of the geographical range of the parasite were analysed for sequence variations in their cytochrome oxidase ii gene. in performing phylogenetic analysis, the maximum parsimonious, neighbour joining and maximum likelihood trees were congr ... | 2001 | 12798051 |
| uncommon clinical presentations of cutaneous leishmaniasis in sudan. | cutaneous leishmaniasis in sudan is caused by leishmania major zymodeme lon1. self-healing usually occurs within 1 year but occasionally its duration is prolonged and treatment is required. the clinical forms are ulcers, nodules and noduloulcerative lesions. here we describe seven patients with uncommon lesions that were difficult to recognize as leishmania infections. these included mycetoma-like lesions, lesions that resembled l. tropica infection and others. one hiv/aids patient had kaposi's ... | 2005 | 16099005 |
| immunochemotherapy of persistent post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis: a novel approach to treatment. | post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (pkdl) is a recognized dermatosis that follows successful treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in the sudan. this randomized and double-blind study aimed to assess safety, immunogenicity and curative potentials of a novel immunochemotherapy regimen in patients with persistent pkdl. following informed consent, 30 patients were randomized to receive alum-precipitated autoclaved leishmania major (alum/alm) vaccine+bacille calmette-guérin (bcg) and sodium stibogluc ... | 2008 | 17963805 |
| first report on leishmania major/hiv coinfection in a sudanese patient. | | 2010 | 20799602 |