| epizootiology of avian influenza--simultaneous monitoring of sentinel ducks and turkeys in minnesota. | isolation-reared mallards (anas platyrhynchos) were placed on ponds in turkey-rearing areas in minnesota, and their cloacae were periodically swabbed to attempt isolating virus from embryonated chicken eggs. nearby turkeys were sampled by taking cloacal and tracheal swabs as well as blood samples. hemagglutinating viruses were identified at the national veterinary services laboratory, u.s. department of agriculture, ames, iowa. during this two-year study, the weekly influenza virus-isolation rat ... | 1983 | 6847552 |
| avian influenza viruses in minnesota ducks during 1998-2000. | although wild ducks are known to be a major reservoir for avian influenza viruses (aiv), there are few recent published reports of surveillance directed at this group. predominant aiv hemagglutinin (ha) subtypes reported in previous studies of ducks in north america include h3, h4, and h6, with the h5, h7, and h9 subtypes not well represented in these host populations. the objective of this study was to determine whether these subtype patterns have persisted. each september from 1998 to 2000, cl ... | 2003 | 14575079 |
| canada geese and the epidemiology of avian influenza viruses. | canada geese (branta canadensis) are numerous, highly visible, and widely distributed in both migratory and resident populations in north america; as a member of the order anseriformes, they are often suggested as a potential reservoir and source for avian influenza (ai) viruses. to further examine the role of canada geese in the ecology of ai, we re-evaluated existing literature related to ai virus in this species and tested breeding populations of canada geese from three states (georgia, west ... | 2010 | 20688710 |