| using rrt-pcr analysis and virus isolation to determine the prevalence of avian influenza virus infections in ducks at minto flats state game refuge, alaska, during august 2005. | this study describes surveillance for avian influenza viruses (aiv) in the minto flats state game refuge, high-density waterfowl breeding grounds in alaska. five hundred paired cloacal samples from dabbling ducks (northern pintail, mallard, green wing teal, and widgeon) were placed into ethanol and viral transport medium (vtm). additional ethanol-preserved samples were taken. of the ethanol-preserved samples, 25.6% were aiv rna-positive by real-time rt-pcr. the hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminida ... | 2007 | 17541700 |
| examining the hemagglutinin subtype diversity among wild duck-origin influenza a viruses using ethanol-fixed cloacal swabs and a novel rt-pcr method. | this study presents an interconnected approach for circumventing two inherent limitations associated with studies defining the natural history of influenza a viruses in wild birds. the first limiting factor is the ability to maintain a cold chain from specimen collection to the laboratory when study sites are in more remote locations. the second limiting factor is the ability to identify all influenza a virus ha subtypes present in an original sample. we report a novel method for molecular subty ... | 2008 | 18308356 |
| interspecific exchange of avian influenza virus genes in alaska: the influence of trans-hemispheric migratory tendency and breeding ground sympatry. | the movement and transmission of avian influenza viral strains via wild migratory birds may vary by host species as a result of migratory tendency and sympatry with other infected individuals. to examine the roles of host migratory tendency and species sympatry on the movement of eurasian low-pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) genes into north america, we characterized migratory patterns and lpai viral genomic variation in mallards (anas platyrhynchos) of alaska in comparison with lpai diversity ... | 2010 | 21073586 |